Definition |
Name of the object, description and example. |
To characterize an object or mathematical situation by a name. |
Objects and mathematical situations. |
When we want to represent a bracelet, a picture frame or the structure of a roof, we draw figures such as these: |
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These geometric figures have special names: circle, rectangle and triangle and are called two-dimensional (or flat) (ROGERI, 2006ROGERI, N. K. O. Geometria: leitura e representação da realidade. In: MURRIE, Z. F. (Org.). Matemática: livro do estudante/ensino fundamental. Brasília: MEC: INEP, 2006. p. 81-102., p. 85.). |
Theorem |
Subject name, premise and thesis (conclusion). |
Raise the demonstration or the result of it. |
Mathematical objects |
Another important metric property of triangles is that whatever triangle you consider the sum of its inner angles is always the same: 180 degrees (ROGERI, 2006ROGERI, N. K. O. Geometria: leitura e representação da realidade. In: MURRIE, Z. F. (Org.). Matemática: livro do estudante/ensino fundamental. Brasília: MEC: INEP, 2006. p. 81-102., p. 85). |
Proof |
Arguments, evidence and conclusion. |
Check the consistency of a conclusion or reply. |
Mathematical objects and situations. |
If you add the income of the 1st fortnight and the income of the 2nd fortnight, you get how much this restaurant owner earned in a month. By adding up the expenses on suppliers, rent, payroll and social security contributions, taxes and accountant, you get the expenses of this restaurant owner in one month. By analyzing how much was earned and how much was paid you must have realized that there was a positive balance of R$ 400.00 (RODRIGUES, 2006RODRIGUES, W. S. Os números: seus usos e seus significados. In: MURRIE, Z. F. (Org.). Matemática: livro do estudante: ensino fundamental. Brasília: MEC: INEP, 2006. p. 57-80., p. 72). |
Demonstration |
Hypothesis, assumptions, evidence and thesis (conclusion). |
To prove or disprove a conjecture through logical tools. |
Mathematical objects. |
QUESTION: Are the ratios equal? In other words, can we write the ratio ? REPLY the ratios are equal if the products a.d and b.c are equal. That is, if a.d = b.c (PIETROPAOLO, 2006PIETROPAOLO, R. C. Proporcionalidade: uma idéia fundamental. In: MURRIE, Z. F. (Org.). Matemática: livro do estudante: ensino fundamental. 2. ed. Brasília: MEC: INEP, 2006. p. 127-148., p. 137). |
Problem situation |
A context information, data and a question. |
Instigating the search for solution to a mathematical problem situation. |
Mathematical or quotidian topics, or issues of other knowledge areas. |
The game of darts A dartboard has four regions, as illustrated. The region enclosed by the innermost circle scores 11 points and the subsequent crowns score 7, 3 and 2 points, respectively. One day, three friends named André, Carlos and Paula, were playing and after each of them had thrown six darts, all had the same score. You will find out what that score was and how each one of them got it, from the following information: - André was the one who hit more darts in the central zone. - Paula was the most regular player, because she always scored the same number of points. - Carlos' darts were spread evenly across the regions he hit (PIRES, 2006PIRES, C. M. C. A arte de raciocinar. In: MURRIE, Z. F. (Org.). Matemática: livro do estudante/ensino fundamental. Brasília: MEC/INEP, 2006. p. 31-56., p. 44). |
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