Favela: the challenge of living in the São Paulo Metropolis

Pasternak, Suzana; Bógus, Lucia Maria Machado

doi:10.1590/2236-9996.2024-6019.e

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Dossier: urban mobility and equity • Cad. Metropole 26 (60) • May-Aug 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2024-6019.e copy

Favela: the challenge of living in the São Paulo Metropolis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The text shows the recent evolution of the urban fabric in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and the inequality expressed by favelas, using data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and MapBiomas. Although population growth in all sub-regions has decreased compared to previous periods, the so-called periphery still grows more than the hub. The urban structure is highly segregated, with part of the poor population living in favelas. In 2019, the metropolis had 1,703 favelas, with a population of more than 2 million inhabitants, occupying 12.26% of metropolitan households. As the population in this type of settlement grew at an annual rate of 3.44%, the result was an increase in the number of favelas, which poses problems for urban upgrading.

Metropolitan Region of São Paulo; favelas; socio-spatial segregation; metropolitan structure

RMSP Sub-region	Population – Year
RMSP Sub-region	1950	1960	1970	1980	1991	2000	2010	2022
North East Southeast Southwest West Hub	39,221 148,362 212,519 34,160 63,673 2,198,096	56,615 300,376 504,416 51,512 168,400 3,824,102	93,410 578,947 993,569 137,489 390,150 5,978,977	152,616 1,091,339 1,647,352 354,299 854,714 8,475,380	282,162 1,680,055 2,048,674 596,395 1,199,076 9,646,185	423,953 2,306,607 2,354,722 812,236 1,546,933 10,434,252	517,797 2,667,696 2,549,135 986,638 1,710,945 11,244,369	591,324 2,917,314 2,696,530 1,117,115 1,970,059 11,451,245
RMSP	2,696,031	4,905,421	8,172,542	12,575,700	15,452,547	17,878,703	19,676,580	20,743,587

RMSP Sub-região	Geometric Annual Growth Rates (TGC) – Population (%)
RMSP Sub-região	1950-1960	1960-1970	1970-1980	1980-1991	1991-2000	2000-2010	2010-2022
North East Southeast Southwest West Hub	3.74 7.31 9.03 4.19 10.21 5.69	5.13 6.78 7.01 10.32 8.76 4.57	5.03 6.54 5.19 9.93 8.16 3.55	5.75 4.00 2.00 4.85 3.13 1.18	4.63 3.58 1.56 3.49 2.87 0.88	2.02 1.47 0.80 1.96 1.01 0.75	1.11 0.75 0.47 1.04 1.18 0.15
RMSP	6.17	5.24	4.40	1.89	1.63	0.98	0.44

RMSP Sub-region	Population Growth Rates (%)
RMSP Sub-region	1950-1960	1960-1970	1970-1980	1980-1991	1991-2000	2000-2010	2010-2022
Hub	5.69	4.57	3.55	1.18	1.45	0.75	0.15
Other municipalities	8.04	7.23	6.45	3.21	3.94	1.25	0.81
RMSP	6.16	5.24	4.40	1.89	2.32	0.96	0.44

RMSP Sub-region	Population (%)		Households (%)
RMSP Sub-region	2000-2010	2010-2022	2000-2010	2010-2022
North East Southeast Southwest West Hub	2.02 1.47 0.80 1.96 1.01 0.75	1.11 0.75 0.47 1.04 1.18 0.15	2.78 2.19 1.80 3.01 2.01 1.78	3.02 2.38 1.95 2.81 2.60 1.60
RMSP	0.96	0.44	1.93	1.93

RMSP Sub-region	Residents per household – Population – Year
RMSP Sub-region	2000	2010	2022
North East Southeast Southwest West Hub	3,88 3,77 3,56 3,87 3,72 3,49	3,60 3,50 3,22 3,49 3,36 3,16	2,88 2,89 2,70 2,83 2,85 2,66
RMSP	3,58	3,35	2,73

	Polo	Leste	Norte	Sudeste	Sudoeste	Oeste	RMSP
no income up to 1/2 m.w. from 1/2 to 1 m.w. from 1 to 2 m.w. from 2 to 5 m.w. from 5 to 10 m.w. from 10 to 20 m.w. over 20 m.w.	5.66 2.91 10.19 23.15 25.61 10.15 9.31 13.03	5.29 5.42 15.30 29.44 26.58 8.45 5.83 3.69	5.96 5.13 16.50 31.97 27.25 7.12 3.96 2.12	4.36 2.86 10.30 24.87 29.96 11.89 9.02 6.84	5.79 4.74 15.23 31.12 27.41 7.43 4.82 3.46	12.76 3.65 12.63 26.87 25.98 7.94 5.41 4.76	6.11 3.38 11.38 25.00 26.44 9.79 8.19 9.71
Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

Households	São Paulo municipality (%)	others municipalities in RMSP (%)
With power from the utility company with an exclusive energy meter connected to the public water network with household garbage collection with bathroom with toilet connectec to the public sewer system	98.91 86.06 99.09 95.29 99.96 91.86	98.24 80.64 95.89 94.93 99.93 80.92

MSP ring	Geometric rates of population growth – (%)
MSP ring	1960-1970	1970-1980	1980-1991	1991-2000	2000-2010	2010-2022
Central Inner Intermediary Outter Peripheral	0.69 0.08 2.79 5.52 12.81	2.23 1.26 1.28 3.13 7.39	-0.94 -1.17 -0.71 0.83 3.05	-2.05 -1.78 -0.79 0.13 2.71	1.24 1.05 0.81 0.33 0.96	0.16 0.11 -0.01 -0.11 0.35
Total	4.78	3.66	1.13	0.92	0.76	0.15

Year	Area (ha)	Households	Population
1985 1991 2000 2010 2019	5,614.13 6,352.46 7,522.36 7,787.37 8,161.54	81,609 146,891 225,133 355,756 529,921	384,056 891,673 930,628 1,280,400 1,960,708

Unidade geográfica	Total households				Households in favelas				Proportion of households in favelas – (%)
Unidade geográfica	1991	2000	2010	2019	1991	2000	2010	2019	1991	2000	2010	2019
Municipality of São Paulo	2,630,138	3,039,104	3,576,864	4,104,611	146,891	225,133	355,756	529,921	5.58	7.41	9.95	12.91
Others municipalities	1,580,306	2,040,084	2,512,983	2,962,656	93,972	188,220	240,723	336,256	5.95	9.23	9.58	11.35
RMSP	4,210,444	5,079,188	6,089,847	7,067,267	240,863	413,353	596,479	866,177	5.72	8.14	9.79	12.26

Region	Households in favelas Year			Total households Year			Percentage of households in favelas Year – (%)
Region	2000	2010	2019	2000	2010	2019	2000	2010	2019
North East Southeast Southwest West Hub	1,105 41,674 93,966 10,673 41,491 227,234	6,485 69,939 115,410 17,056 32,732 356,692	16,888 96,780 144,208 26,484 51,896 529,921	104,045 591,909 658,444 206,769 415,377 2,954,732	143,665 760,550 791,345 282,724 508,410 3,561,505	191,610 881,851 936,792 332,605 619,798 4,104,611	1.06 7.04 14.27 5.16 9.99 7.69	4.51 9.20 14.58 6.03 6.44 10.02	8.81 10.97 15.39 7.96 8.37 12.91
PMSP	416.143	598.314	866.177	4.931.276	6.048.199	7.067.267	8,44	9,89	12,26

Sub-region	Population in favelas		Households in favelas		Area of favelas
Sub-region	2000-2010	2010-2019	2000-2010	2010-2019	2000-2010	2010-2019
North East Southeast Southwest West Hub	18,36 3,67 2,51 5,01 5,25 4,50	14,92 4,23 1,77 4,42 0,81 4,02	19,36 5,31 2,08 4,80 -2,34 4,61	11,22 3,67 2,51 5,01 5,25 4,50	1,05 0,99 0,46 0,77 0,46 0,64	1,08 0,83 0,31 0,94 0,50 0,52
PMSP	4,20	3,44	3,70	4,20	0,70	0,59

Domicílios Unidade territorial	Households in favelas
Domicílios Unidade territorial	one floor	two floors	three or more floors	Total
MSP	108,423	232,255	15,078	355,756
others municipalities	116,505	113,539	10,679	240,723
RMSP	224,928	345,794	25,757	596,479

Sub-region	Demographic density hab/ha
Sub-region	2000	2010	2019
North East Southeast Southwest West Hub	10,39 82,25 238,74 131,91 289,34 170,43	50,22 121,89 261,80 173,40 201,70 232,85	119,02 154,39 314,02 251,34 306,78 326,60
PMSP	162,34	292,98	276,15

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo Rua Ministro de Godói, 969 - 4° andar - sala 4E20 - Perdizes, 05015-001 - São Paulo - SP - Brasil , Telefone: (55-11) 94148.9100 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cadernosmetropole@outlook.com

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Translation: this article was translated from Portuguese to English by Soraya Gubich, email: sorayabless@gmail.com