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Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the ‘Questionnaire Des Symptômes Vocaux’

ABSTRACT

Purpose

This article aims to present the cultural equivalence of the Brazilian version of the ‘Questionnaire des Symptômes Vocaux’ (QSV).

Methods

The questionnaire was translated into Portuguese by two Brazilian bilingual speech-language pathologists who were informed about the purpose of this research. The back translation was performed by a third bilingual Brazilian speech-language pathologist, who was also a French teacher and had not participated in the previous stage. After the comparison of translations, a final version of the questionnaire was produced and called ‘Questionário de Sintomas Vocais Pediátrico (QSV-P)’, which was administered to 32 individuals (16 children/adolescents with vocal complaints and their parents). The inclusion criterion was the vocal complaint and/or vocal quality altered on the perceptual auditory evaluation. The option “not applicable” was added to each item of the protocol.

Results

During the process of translation and cultural adaptation, no item was changed and/or eliminated from the questions. The QSV-P kept the same structure as the original French version with 31 questions, which can be responded by children/adolescents (6-18 years) and their parents, regarding the physical, emotional and social functioning of the vocal problem.

Conclusion

The cultural equivalence of the Brazilian version of the ‘Questionnaire des Symptômes Vocaux’, entitled ‘Questionário de Sintomas Vocais Pediátrico’, was demonstrated. The QSV-P validation is currently being done.

Keywords:
Dysphonia; Validation Studies; Voice Disorders/Diagnosis; Questionnaires; Child; Adolescent; Parents

RESUMO

Objetivo

Realizar a equivalência cultural brasileira do Questionnaire des Symptômes Vocaux (QSV).

Métodos

O questionário foi traduzido para a língua portuguesa por duas fonoaudiólogas brasileiras bilíngues, cientes do objetivo da pesquisa. A retrotradução foi efetuada por uma terceira fonoaudióloga brasileira, bilíngue e professora de francês, não participante da etapa anterior. Depois da comparação das traduções e adequações necessárias nos termos e expressões, produziu-se uma única versão denominada Questionário de Sintomas Vocais Pediátrico (QSV-P), que foi aplicado a 32 indivíduos (16 crianças/adolescentes com queixa vocal e seus respectivos pais). Adotou-se como critério de inclusão a presença de queixa vocal (parental ou autorrelatada) e/ou a presença de desvio vocal na avaliação perceptivoauditiva da qualidade vocal. A opção “não aplicável” foi acrescentada na chave de resposta de todas as perguntas do QSV-P.

Resultados

No processo de tradução e adaptação cultural, não houve modificação e/ou eliminação de nenhuma das questões. O QSV-P reflete a versão original do francês, composto por 31 questões objetivas, aplicável a crianças/adolescentes entre 6 e 18 anos e a seus respectivos pais/responsáveis que visam investigar questões físicas, emocionais e sociofuncionais da alteração vocal.

Conclusão

O Questionnaire des Symptômes Vocaux apresentou equivalência cultural para o português brasileiro na versão intitulada Questionário de Sintomas Vocais Pediátrico. O processo de validação do QSV-P está em andamento.

Descritores:
Disfonia; Estudos de Validação; Tradução (Produto); Distúrbios da Voz/Diagnóstico; Questionários; Criança; Adolescente; Pais

INTRODUCTION

The vocal symptom reported by the patient and/or noted by the interlocutor appears during phonation with unpleasant sensations(11 Oliveira IB. Avaliação fonoaudiológica da voz: reflexões sobre condutas com enfoques à voz profissional. In: Ferreira LP, Befi-Lopes DM, Limongi SCD. Tratado de fonoaudiologia. 2. ed. São Paulo: Roca; 2010. p. 734-745.,22 Sapir S, Keidar A, Mathers-Schmidt B. Vocal attrition in teachers: survey findings. Eur J Disord Commun. 1993;28(2):177-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13682829309041465. PMid:8400489.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13682829309041...
), it has a multifactorial etiology(33 Behlau M, Madazio G, Feijó D, Pontes P. Avaliação de voz. In: Behlau M, organizador. Voz: o livro do especialista. Rio de Janeiro: Revinter; 2001. p. 85-245. v. 1.), related to change in quality and vocal power, itch, sting, cough, pain, among others(33 Behlau M, Madazio G, Feijó D, Pontes P. Avaliação de voz. In: Behlau M, organizador. Voz: o livro do especialista. Rio de Janeiro: Revinter; 2001. p. 85-245. v. 1.).

Vocal symptoms usually happen due to bad vocal habits and improper vocal models. The main harmful habits reported by children are talking to struggle without rest, voice imitation and often live in a noisy home environment(44 Paixão CLB, Silvério KCA, Berberian AP, Mourão LF, Marques JM. Disfonia infantil: hábitos prejudiciais à voz dos pais interferem na saúde vocal de seus filhos? Rev. CEFAC. 2012;14(4):705-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-18462011005000116.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-18462011...
); and the main pediatric vocal symptoms are hoarseness and vocal fatigue, both arising from a phonatory overload caused by child vocal pattern using high intensity, stress and tension in the speech, which also enhances the occurrence of mass lesions(55 Tavares ELM, Brasolotto A, Santana MF, Padovan CA, Martins RHG. Epidemiological study of dysphonia in 4-12 year-old children. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;77(6):736-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1808-86942011000600010. PMid:22183280.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1808-86942011...
).

Pediatric protocols for vocal self-assessment are incipient. Parental assessment tool are commonly used(66 Ribeiro LL, Paula KMP, Behlau M. Voice-related quality of life in the pediatric population: validation of the Brazilian version of the Pediatric Voice-Related Quality-of-Life Survey. CoDAS. 2014;26(1):87-95. PMid:24714864.). Currently, it is recommended that, for the pediatric population (from 6 years), is due to apply instruments combining the reports of parents and children, since children in this age group, they can now realize their vocal problem and understand their clinical picture. Therefore, parental assessment, although important, should not replace the vocal self-assessment(77 Verduyckt I, Remacle M, Jamart J, Benderitter C, Morsomme D. Voice- Related complaints in the pediatric population. J Voice. 2011;25(3):373-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.11.008. PMid:20359863.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009....
,88 Connor NP, Cohen SB, Theis SM, Thibeault SL, Heatley DG, Bless DM. Attitudes of children with dysphonia. J Voice. 2008;22(2):197-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.09.005. PMid:17512168.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006....
).

Little is known about the correlation between parents and children in relation to the voice problem, the rates range from 33.3% to 100%(88 Connor NP, Cohen SB, Theis SM, Thibeault SL, Heatley DG, Bless DM. Attitudes of children with dysphonia. J Voice. 2008;22(2):197-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.09.005. PMid:17512168.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006....
) with higher agreement in the sociofuncional sphere(77 Verduyckt I, Remacle M, Jamart J, Benderitter C, Morsomme D. Voice- Related complaints in the pediatric population. J Voice. 2011;25(3):373-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.11.008. PMid:20359863.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009....
). The Questionnaire des Symptômes Vocaux has been identified as an important resource for assessment, diagnosis and reappraisal of childhood dysphonia(99 Verduyckt I, Morsomme D, Ramacle M. Validation and standardization of the Pediatric Voice Symptom Questionnaire: a double-form questionnaire for dysphonic children and their parents. J Voice. 2012;26(4):129-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.08.001.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....
).

This study aimed to develop the Brazilian cultural equivalence of the Questionnaire des Symptômes Vocaux, through cultural and linguistic adaptation of the instrument.

METHODS

Approved by the Ethics Committee (758.309). The original instrument, in French Questionnaire des Symptômes Vocaux(99 Verduyckt I, Morsomme D, Ramacle M. Validation and standardization of the Pediatric Voice Symptom Questionnaire: a double-form questionnaire for dysphonic children and their parents. J Voice. 2012;26(4):129-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.08.001.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....
) was translated into Brazilian Portuguese by two bilingual Brazilian speech therapists, aware of the purpose of the research, who conducted the conceptual translation. Subsequently, it proceeded to the back translation performed by a third Brazilian speech-language pathologists, bilingual and French teacher, not participating in the translation process. Translation and back translation were compared to each other and to the original version of the instrument, and discussed with the authors; the differences were analyzed in terms utilized and modified by consensus.

The Brazilian version was entitled Questionário de Sintomas Vocais Pediátrico (QSV-P). To perform cultural equivalence, added to the “not applicable” in the answer key to each of the questions of protocol, for identification of sentences not understood or inappropriate for the population, which will need to be modified or deleted during validation.

Thirty two individuals participated of the cultural equivalence, 16 children/adolescents with vocal complaints and/or change in voice, of both genders, aged 6 and 18, and their parents/guardians. All signed the Informed Consent Form. The collection occurred in a speech therapy school-clinic. The following inclusion criteria were adopted: age equivalent to the age group assessed by the QSV-P (6-18 years old); complaint of vocal change and/or identified vocal change in perceptual evaluation. Exclusion criteria were: individuals with current or past complaints of human communication disorders, except of vocal complaint; presence of acute infection of the upper airways; previous vocal treatment and neurological or psychiatric disorders diagnosed.

RESULTS

There was no modification and/or elimination of any of the issues. Although two questions have remained similar (“you have to force your voice to speak?” And “You have to make an effort to voice out?”) in the Brazilian Portuguese, we opted to keep them considering that, although the limit is slight, one question regards voice and the other speech; and also for the Brazilian scores can be viewed in other international studies, standard up keeping the maximum score of QSV-P.

The final version of the QSV-P translation, parental versions (Annex A) and self-assessment (Annex B), after cultural and linguistic adaptation, features 31 interrogative self-explanatory, objective questions applicable to children/adolescents aged 6 to 18 years and their parents/guardians who seek to investigate physical issues, emotional and socio-functional vocal change.

QSV-P is the only protocol that addresses pediatric self-assessment and parental assessment simultaneously. The responses are recorded in the 4 points Likert scale (never, sometimes, often and always); for children, there is also the visual circles of support, ranging from small to very large, in order to facilitate the marking of answers. The questions are divided into four areas: spoken voice, singing voice, voice designed and shouted voice; and seek to investigate aspects related to: feeling of tired voice, need to repeat what you say, to push, feelings of sadness, dissatisfaction, nervousness, shame, fear or embarrassment by voice problem, loss of voice, pain sensation, secretion/cough or burning/discomfort.

DISCUSSION

The cultural equivalence step is required in all validation tools(1010 Aaronson N, Alonso J, Burnam A, Lohr KN, Patrick DL, Perrin E, et al. Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria. Qual Life Res. 2002;11(3):193-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015291021312. PMid:12074258.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101529102131...
), its realization is essential for the translated questionnaire can really be incorporated into a new culture and applied to the population of the language in question. Changes in terms, expressions and questions should be conducted during the cultural adjustments. Such adjustments are essential and must occur before the final application in the population.

Little is known about the correlation between parents and children regarding the voice problem. The literature shows rates ranging from 33.3% to 100%(88 Connor NP, Cohen SB, Theis SM, Thibeault SL, Heatley DG, Bless DM. Attitudes of children with dysphonia. J Voice. 2008;22(2):197-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.09.005. PMid:17512168.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006....
) and socio-functional sphere as the highest concordance(77 Verduyckt I, Remacle M, Jamart J, Benderitter C, Morsomme D. Voice- Related complaints in the pediatric population. J Voice. 2011;25(3):373-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.11.008. PMid:20359863.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009....
). QSV-P is an important resource for assessment, diagnosis and vocal revaluation of childhood dysphonia(99 Verduyckt I, Morsomme D, Ramacle M. Validation and standardization of the Pediatric Voice Symptom Questionnaire: a double-form questionnaire for dysphonic children and their parents. J Voice. 2012;26(4):129-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.08.001.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011....
). The data resulting from the QSV-P Brazilian validation process will enable a better understanding of vocal symptoms in childhood/adolescence and concordance of parents and children in the pediatric voice clinic.

CONCLUSION

The cultural equivalence of the Brazilian version of the Questionnaire des Symptômes Vocaux, entitled ‘Questionário de Sintomas Vocais Pediátrico’, was demonstrated. The Brazilian validation of the QSV-P is ongoing.

Annex A. Questionnaire of Pediatric Vocal Symptoms – Parental Version

Formulaire Questionnaire of Pediatric Vocal Symptoms
Parents
0-Jamais 1-Parfoit 2-Souvent 2-Toujours
1a Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant d’avoir la voix fatiguée quand il (Papote, jeux de société, téléphone, …) ou après ?
1b Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant d’avoir la voix fatiguée quand il (Théâtre, diction, lecture à voix haute,… ) ou après ?
1c Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant d’avoir la voix fatiguée quand il (Chant, solfège, chorale, karaoké, …) ou après ?
1d Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant d’avoir la voix fatiguée quand il (Scouts, jeux d’extérieurs, sports, …) ou après ?
Moyenne item 1________
2 Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant qu’on lui demande de répéter ce qu’il dit, à cause de sa voix ?
3 Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant de devoir pousser pour faire sortir sa voix ?
4 Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant d’être énervé à cause de sa voix ?
5a Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant de ne pas oser utiliser sa voix lorsqu’il (Papote, jeux de société, téléphone, …) parce qu’elle n’est pas comme il voudrait
5b Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant de ne pas oser utiliser sa voix lorsqu’il (Théâtre, diction, lecture à voix haute,… ) parce qu’elle n’est pas comme il voudrait ?
5c Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant de ne pas oser utiliser sa voix lorsqu’il (Chant, solfège, chorale, karaoké, …) parce qu’elle n’est pas comme il voudrait ?
5d Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant de ne pas oser utiliser sa voix lorsqu’il (Scouts, jeux d’extérieurs, sports, …) parce qu’elle n’est pas comme il voudrait ?
Moyenne item 5________
6 Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant qu’il doive forcer sur sa voix pour parler ?
7 Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant qu’on se moque de sa voix?
8 Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant de ne plus pouvoir parler parce que les sons ne sortent plus de sa bouche ?
9 Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant d’être en colère à cause de sa voix ?
10 Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant d’avoir peur d’abîmer sa voix ?
11a Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant d’avoir mal à la gorge quand il (Papote, jeux de société, téléphone, …) ou après ?
11b Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant d’avoir mal à la gorge quand il (Théâtre, diction, lecture à voix haute,… ) ou après ?
11c Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant d’avoir mal à la gorge quand il (Chant, solfège, chorale, karaoké, …) ou après ?
11d Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant d’avoir mal à la gorge quand il (Scouts, jeux d’extérieurs, sports, …) ou après ?
Moyenne item 11________
12 Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant qu’on lui demande « qu’est-ce qu’il y a avec ta voix ? »
13 Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant de devoir tousser ou de se racler la gorge quand il parle alors qu’il n’est pas malade?
14 Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant d’avoir la voix cassée, même lorsqu’il n’est pas malade ?
15 Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant de ne pas arriver au bout de ses phrases à cause de sa voix ?
16a Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant que sa voix ait besoin de repos quand il (Papote, jeux de société, téléphone, … ) ou après ?
16b Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant que sa voix ait besoin de repos quand il (Théâtre, diction, lecture à voix haute,… ) ou après ?
16c Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant que sa voix ait besoin de repos quand il (Chant, solfège, chorale, karaoké, …) ou après ?
16d Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant que sa voix ait besoin de repos quand il (Scouts, jeux d’extérieurs, sports, …) ou après ?
Moyenne item 16________
17 Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant que sa gorge le pique alors qu’il n’est pas malade ?
18 Est-ce qu’il arrive à votre enfant d’être triste à cause de sa voix ?
19 Est-ce que votre enfant aimerait que sa voix change ?
Score de Symptômes Vocaux Parents __________

Annex B. Questionnaire of Pediatric Vocal Symptoms – Self-evaluation Version

Formulaire Enfants 0-Jamais 1-Parfoit 2-Souvent 2-Toujours
1a Est-ce qu’il t’arrive d’avoir la voix fatiguée quand tu (Papotes, jeux de société, téléphone, …) ou après ?
1b Est-ce qu’il t’arrive d’avoir la voix fatiguée quand tu (Théâtre, diction, lecture à voix haute,… ) ou après ?
1c Est-ce qu’il t’arrive d’avoir la voix fatiguée quand tu (Chant, solfège, chorale, karaoké, …) ou après ?
1d Est-ce qu’il t’arrive d’avoir la voix fatiguée quand tu (Scouts, jeux d’extérieurs, sports, …) ou après ?
Moyenne item 1________
2 Est-ce qu’il arrive qu’on te demande répéter ce que tu dis, à cause de ta voix ?
3 Est-ce qu’il arrive que tu doives pousser pour faire sortir ta voix ?
4 Est-ce qu’il t’arrive d’être énervé à cause de ta voix ?
5a Est-ce qu’il t’arrive de ne pas oser utiliser ta voix lorsque tu (Papotes, jeux de société, téléphone, …) parce qu’elle n’est pas comme tu voudrais ?
5b Est-ce qu’il t’arrive de ne pas oser utiliser ta voix lorsque tu (Théâtre, diction, lecture à voix haute,… ) parce qu’elle n’est pas comme tu voudrais ?
5c Est-ce qu’il t’arrive de ne pas oser utiliser ta voix lorsque tu (Chant, solfège, chorale, karaoké, …) parce qu’elle n’est pas comme tu voudrais ?
5d Est-ce qu’il t’arrive de ne pas oser utiliser ta voix lorsque tu (Scouts, jeux d’extérieurs, sports, …) parce qu’elle n’est pas comme tu voudrais ?
Moyenne item 5________
6 Est-ce qu’il arrive que tu doives forcer sur ta voix pour parler ?
7 Est-ce qu’on s’est déjà moqué de ta voix ?
8 Est-ce qu’il t’arrive de ne plus pouvoir parler parce que les sons ne sortent plus de ta bouche ?
9 Est-ce qu’il t’arrive d’être en colère à cause de ta voix ?
10 Est-ce qu’il t’arrive d’avoir peur d’abîmer ta voix ?
11a Est-ce qu’il t’arrive d’avoir mal à la gorge quand tu (Papotes, jeux de société, téléphone, …) ou après ?
11b Est-ce qu’il t’arrive d’avoir mal à la gorge quand tu (Théâtre, diction, lecture à voix haute,… ) ou après ?
11c Est-ce qu’il t’arrive d’avoir mal à la gorge quand tu (Chant, solfège, chorale, karaoké, …) ou après ?
11d Est-ce qu’il t’arrive d’avoir mal à la gorge quand tu (Scouts, jeux d’extérieurs, sports, …) ou après ?
Moyenne item 11________
12 Est-ce qu’il arrive qu’on te demande « qu’est-ce qu’il y a avec ta voix ? »
13 Est-ce qu’il t’arrive de devoir tousser ou de te racler la gorge quand tu parles alors que tu n’es pas malade? (démonstration par le clinicien)
14 Est-ce qu’il t’arrive d’avoir la voix cassée, même lorsque tu n’es pas malade ?
15 Est-ce qu’il t’arrive de ne pas arriver au bout de tes phrases à cause de ta voix ?
16a Est-ce qu’il arrive que ta voix ait besoin de repos quand tu (Papotes, jeux de société, téléphone, … ) ou après ?
16b Est-ce qu’il arrive que ta voix ait besoin de repos quand tu (Théâtre, diction, lecture à voix haute,… ) ou après ?
16c Est-ce qu’il arrive que ta voix ait besoin de repos quand tu (Chant, solfège, chorale, karaoké, …) ou après ?
16d Est-ce qu’il arrive que ta voix ait besoin de repos quand tu (Scouts, jeux d’extérieurs, sports, …) ou après ? Est-ce qu’il t’arrive que ta gorge te pique alors que tu n’es pas malade ?
Moyenne item 16________
17 Est-ce qu’il t’arrive que ta gorge te pique alors que tu n’es pas malade ?
18 Est-ce qu’il t’arrive d’être triste à cause de ta voix ?
19 Est-ce que tu aimerais que ta voix change ?
Score de Symptômes Vocaux Enfant __________
  • Study carried out at Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP - São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
  • Financial support: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES.

REFERÊNCIAS

  • 1
    Oliveira IB. Avaliação fonoaudiológica da voz: reflexões sobre condutas com enfoques à voz profissional. In: Ferreira LP, Befi-Lopes DM, Limongi SCD. Tratado de fonoaudiologia. 2. ed. São Paulo: Roca; 2010. p. 734-745.
  • 2
    Sapir S, Keidar A, Mathers-Schmidt B. Vocal attrition in teachers: survey findings. Eur J Disord Commun. 1993;28(2):177-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13682829309041465 PMid:8400489.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13682829309041465
  • 3
    Behlau M, Madazio G, Feijó D, Pontes P. Avaliação de voz. In: Behlau M, organizador. Voz: o livro do especialista. Rio de Janeiro: Revinter; 2001. p. 85-245. v. 1.
  • 4
    Paixão CLB, Silvério KCA, Berberian AP, Mourão LF, Marques JM. Disfonia infantil: hábitos prejudiciais à voz dos pais interferem na saúde vocal de seus filhos? Rev. CEFAC. 2012;14(4):705-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-18462011005000116
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-18462011005000116
  • 5
    Tavares ELM, Brasolotto A, Santana MF, Padovan CA, Martins RHG. Epidemiological study of dysphonia in 4-12 year-old children. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;77(6):736-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1808-86942011000600010 PMid:22183280.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1808-86942011000600010
  • 6
    Ribeiro LL, Paula KMP, Behlau M. Voice-related quality of life in the pediatric population: validation of the Brazilian version of the Pediatric Voice-Related Quality-of-Life Survey. CoDAS. 2014;26(1):87-95. PMid:24714864.
  • 7
    Verduyckt I, Remacle M, Jamart J, Benderitter C, Morsomme D. Voice- Related complaints in the pediatric population. J Voice. 2011;25(3):373-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.11.008 PMid:20359863.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.11.008
  • 8
    Connor NP, Cohen SB, Theis SM, Thibeault SL, Heatley DG, Bless DM. Attitudes of children with dysphonia. J Voice. 2008;22(2):197-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.09.005 PMid:17512168.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.09.005
  • 9
    Verduyckt I, Morsomme D, Ramacle M. Validation and standardization of the Pediatric Voice Symptom Questionnaire: a double-form questionnaire for dysphonic children and their parents. J Voice. 2012;26(4):129-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.08.001
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2011.08.001
  • 10
    Aaronson N, Alonso J, Burnam A, Lohr KN, Patrick DL, Perrin E, et al. Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria. Qual Life Res. 2002;11(3):193-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015291021312 PMid:12074258.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015291021312

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    7 July 2016
  • Date of issue
    Jul-Aug 2016

History

  • Received
    30 Apr 2015
  • Accepted
    27 July 2015
Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia Al. Jaú, 684, 7º andar, 01420-002 São Paulo - SP Brasil, Tel./Fax 55 11 - 3873-4211 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
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