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Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Levels of Speech Usage scale

ABSTRACT

Purpose

Perform the cross-cultural equivalence of the Brazilian version of the Levels of Speech Usage (LSU) self-report categorical rating scale.

Methods

First, the LSU was translated into Brazilian Portuguese by three speech-language pathologists fluent in English. Next, a back-translation was performed by another speech-language pathologist. A committee of speech-language pathologists compared the translated protocol with its original version and approved it with the name LSU-Br. The Brazilian Portuguese version also contains five answer options: “restrito” (undemanding), “eventual” (intermittent), ”frequente” (routine), “intenso” (extensive), and “extremo” (extraordinary) from which only one must be chosen considering the speech usage of the individual in the past year, and the response chosen is the protocol result. A total of 31 individuals responded to the LSU-Br. The option “does not apply” was added in order to identify any questions that could be misunderstood by the target population or that were not appropriate to the Brazilian culture.

Results

Thirty-one individuals answered the protocol. No cultural or conceptual barriers were founded.

Conclusion

The cross-cultural equivalence between the Levels of Speech Usage scale and its Brazilian version (LSU-Br) was verified. Validation of the LSU-Br is under progress.

Keywords
Self-Assessment; Speech; Speech Language and Hearing Sciences; Surveys and Questionnaires; Protocols; Voice

RESUMO

Objetivo

Realizar equivalência cultural da versão brasileira do protocolo The Levels of Speech Usage (LSU), por meio de adaptação linguística e cultural.

Método

Inicialmente realizou-se a tradução do LSU para o Português brasileiro por três fonoaudiólogos fluentes na língua inglesa, retrotradução para o inglês por um quarto fonoaudiólogo, comparação com o protocolo original e aprovação de um comitê de fonoaudiólogas não participantes das etapas anteriores; chegou-se ao protocolo LSU-Br. Assim como o instrumento original, a versão traduzida para o Português brasileiro contém cinco opções de resposta: “restrito”, “eventual”, “frequente”, “intenso”, “extremo”, com apenas uma opção de escolha que cabe ao uso de voz no último ano, sendo a opção escolhida o resultado do protocolo. O LSU-Br foi aplicado em 31 sujeitos da população geral, com o acréscimo da opção “não se aplica”, para identificação de questões não compreendidas ou não apropriadas para a população-alvo e a cultura brasileira.

Resultados

O protocolo foi aplicado em 31 sujeitos no total. Não foram encontradas barreiras culturais e conceituais.

Conclusão

Foi verificada equivalência cultural entre o LSU e sua versão traduzida para o Português brasileiro, LSU-Br. A validação do LSU para o Português brasileiro está em andamento após a conclusão dessa etapa.

Descritores
Autoavaliação; Fala; Fonoaudiologia; Inquéritos e Questionários; Protocolos; Voz

INTRODUCTION

The self-assessment protocols of speech usage validated for Brazilian Portuguese to date do not involve individual perception regarding the use of voice regardless of occupational use or issues associated with unpleasant sensations during phonation(11 Baylor C, Yorkston K, Eadie T, Miller R, Amtmann D. Levels of speech usage: a self-report scale for describing how people use speech. J Med Speech-Lang Pathol. 2008;16(4):191-8. PMid:21743788.).

Some protocols were carefully studied by Baylor et al.(11 Baylor C, Yorkston K, Eadie T, Miller R, Amtmann D. Levels of speech usage: a self-report scale for describing how people use speech. J Med Speech-Lang Pathol. 2008;16(4):191-8. PMid:21743788.) with the objective of filling these gaps and creating the Levels of Speech Usage (LSU) rating scale so that behavioral aspects related to speech could be explored and the real use of the voice perceived by each patient could be presented through the protocol results.

The proposed protocol has a higher level of comprehensiveness than, for instance, the Professional Voice Users Classification Scale in Four Levels: level I - elite vocal performers such as professional singers and actors; level II - professional voice users, e.g., clergymen and lecturers; level III - non-vocal professionals such as lawyers; level IV - non-vocal professionals who do not need to use the voice to work, e.g.,laborers and salesclerks(22 Koufman JA, Isaacson G. The spectrum of vocal dysfunction. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1991;24(5):985-8. PMid:1754226.). In this model, respondents are automatically classified according to their occupations; however, in the proposed model, the answer reflects the daily use of the voice, the perception about speech quantity or demand.

Other protocols show cutoff values of the voice usage level(11 Baylor C, Yorkston K, Eadie T, Miller R, Amtmann D. Levels of speech usage: a self-report scale for describing how people use speech. J Med Speech-Lang Pathol. 2008;16(4):191-8. PMid:21743788.,33 Behrman A, Sulica L, He T. Factors predicting patient perception of dysphonia caused by benign vocal fold lesions. Laryngoscope. 2004;114(10):1693-700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200410000-00004. PMid:15454756.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005537-20041...
,44 Vilkman E. Voice problem at work: a challenge for occupational safety and health arrangement. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2000;52(1-3):120-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000021519. PMid:10474011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000021519...
) but with some limitations, as listed ahead: 1- Studies addressing patients with voice changes under speech therapy, excluding individuals with communication disorders such as dysarthria, aphasia, apraxia, and dysfluency, as well as individuals that do not present any communication disorder, thus restricting the target population of the protocols; 2- Scales that focus on vocal demands in occupational activities, excluding their use in other environments and activities that may contribute to increased speech usage; 3- Some instruments that, although focusing on occupational demand, are not concerned with the different levels of vocal demand observed in the same population; 4- Instruments that depend on clinical judgment, considering that protocols are often filled by professionals, and the use of the patient’s voice may not be dully represented. In this context, the importance of the patients’ self-evaluation of their own speech is highlighted, and it can be highly informative to identify the treatment objectives and evaluate their own progress(11 Baylor C, Yorkston K, Eadie T, Miller R, Amtmann D. Levels of speech usage: a self-report scale for describing how people use speech. J Med Speech-Lang Pathol. 2008;16(4):191-8. PMid:21743788.).

The LSU is a self-assessment scale that presents the speech level perceived by the individual, ranging from undemanding to extraordinary speech usage. It can be applied to adults who do or do not work for pay and include a wide range of communication disorders and life roles(11 Baylor C, Yorkston K, Eadie T, Miller R, Amtmann D. Levels of speech usage: a self-report scale for describing how people use speech. J Med Speech-Lang Pathol. 2008;16(4):191-8. PMid:21743788.,55 Gray C, Baylor C, Eadie T, Kendall D, Yorkston K. The Levels of Speech usage rating scale: comparison of client self-rating with speech pathologist rating. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2012;47(3):333-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00112.x. PMid:22512518.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.20...
), contributing to the evaluation of different populations, vocal and non-vocal professionals with different voice demands within their levels (I, II, III, or IV)(22 Koufman JA, Isaacson G. The spectrum of vocal dysfunction. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1991;24(5):985-8. PMid:1754226.), regardless of clinical judgment and including different diagnoses and pathologies that are not contemplated in other protocols, such as those aforementioned.

Therefore, the objective of the present study was to carry out the cross-cultural equivalence of the Brazilian version of the LSU scale. This first stage, conducted through its linguistic and cultural adaptation, will be followed by the application of this scale to the general Brazilian population.

METHODS

This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the aforementioned Institution (CAAE 63508316.0.0000.5501 and opinion no. 2011980 of 06 January 2017). All participants signed an Informed Consent Form (ICF) prior to study commencement.

The linguistic equivalence of the protocol was conducted as follows: the original version (Annex A Annex A The Levels of Speech Usage (LSU) categorical rating scale How Do You Use Your Speech? While communication is important to everyone, different people use their speech in different ways. Think of how you have typically used your speech over the past year. Choose the category below that best describes you. _____ Undemanding: Quiet for long periods of time almost every day: Almost never talk for long periods raise your voice above a conversational level, participate in group discussions, give a speech or other presentation _____ Intermittent: Quiet for long periods of time on many days Most talking is typical conversational speech Occasionally: talk for longer periods raise voice above conversational level participate in group discussions, give a speech or other presentation _____ Routine: Frequent periods of talking on most days Most talking is typical conversational speech Occasionally: talk for longer periods raise voice above conversational level participate in group discussions, give a speech or other presentation _____ Extensive: Speech usage consistently goes beyond everyday conversational speech. Regularly: talk for long periods talk in a loud voice participate in group discussions, give presentations or performances Although the demands 011 your speech are often high, you are able to continue with most work or social activities even if your speech is not perfect. _____ Extraordinary: Very high speech demands Regularly: talk for long periods of time talk with loud or expressive speech or give presentations or performances. The success of your work or personal goals depends almost entirely on the quality of your speech and voice. J Med Speech Lang Pathol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 July 6. ) was translated into Brazilian Portuguese by three speech-language pathologists fluent in English (Translator 1 - T1, Translator 2 - T2, and Translator 3 - T3); the translations were overlaid considering the cultural and conceptual equivalence of the language. The result was the first version in Brazilian Portuguese (Brazilian Portuguese Version - BPV) of this rating scale. After that, the BPV was back-translated into the instrument's original language (Chart 1) by a fourth speech-language pathologist fluent in English and who did not know the initial version of the scale or the objectives of the study.

Chart 1
Translation process and cross-cultural adaptation of the Levels of Speech Usage (LSU) scale for Brazilian Portuguese

Cultural equivalence was conducted according to the following stages: the first Portuguese version and the back-translation were compared to each other and to the original instrument. The existing discrepancies were analyzed by a committee of three speech-language pathologists specialized in voice and with proficiency in English who did not participate in the previous stages of the study. Necessary changes were made in both language and layout to facilitate participant response, and the “does not apply” option was included to identify questions that could be misunderstood by the target population or that were not appropriate to the Brazilian culture, reaching the final cross-cultural and linguistic equivalence version of the LSU in its translated version (LSU-Br) (Appendix A Appendix A Translated and cross-culturally adapted version of the Levels of Speech Usage (LSU), named Levels of Speech Usage for Brazil (LSU-Br) Como você usa a sua fala? Apesar da comunicação ser importante para todas as pessoas, cada um se comunica de um modo diferente. Pense em como você falou no último ano. Escolha a categoria abaixo que melhor descreve você. Escolha um dos itens abaixo. Categoria de uso vocal () Restrito Quieto por longos períodos quase todos os diasQuase nunca:- fala por longos períodos- fala com volume acima do nível de conversa normal- participa de grupos de discussão, faz um discurso ou apresentações () Eventual Quieto por longos períodos por muitos diasFala a maior parte do tempo em volume habitualOcasionalmente/ eventualmente:- fala por longos períodos- fala em volume superior ao de uma conversa normal- participa de grupos de discussão, faz discursos e apresentações () Frequente Fala frequentemente na maioria dos diasA maior parte do tempo em volume habitualOcasionalmente/ eventualmente:- fala por longos períodos- fala em volume superior ao de uma conversa normal- participa de grupos de discussão, faz discursos e apresentações () Intenso Fala constantemente além do uso normal de falaRegularmente:- fala por longos períodos- fala com volume alto-participa de grupos de discussão, faz discursos e apresentaçõesEmbora a demanda de fala seja geralmente alta, você é capaz de dar seguimento às suas atividades sociais e profissionais ainda que sua voz não esteja perfeita () Extremo Fala muito sempreRegularmente:- fala por longos períodos- fala em voz alta ou expressiva ou- faz apresentações ou performancesO sucesso dos seus objetivos profissionais ou pessoais depende quase totalmente da qualidade de sua fala e voz () Não se aplica Assinale este campo caso você julgue que algum dos itens acima não são representativos sobre como você utiliza a sua voz e justifique sua escolha por esta opção ).

The LSU-Br and its original version in English are answered by individuals according to their perception of speech usage in the past year. The individuals must choose only one of the five options (undemanding, intermittent, routine, extensive, extraordinary), and their choices will indicate the protocol results.

The LSU-Br was applied to 31 individuals of the general population, with addition of the “does not apply” response, to identify questions not understood or not appropriate to the target population and the Brazilian culture. The study sample was composed of 15 women and 16 men aged 18-62 years (mean age = 36.6 years).

RESULTS

The results of this first stage of the study were responses varying between all the presented items: Undemanding (1 individual), Intermittent (7 individuals), Routine (14 individuals), Extensive (8 individuals), Extraordinary (1 individual), and “does not apply” (no answers), with Routine as the most chosen central response and Undemanding and Extraordinary as the least chosen ones. Participants of this first stage included singers, speech-language pathologists, salesclerks, housewives, business executives, and a retiree with complaint of presbyopia without diagnosis.

The final composition of the translated and cross-culturally adapted version of the LSU for Brazilian Portuguese was named LSU-Br (Appendix A Appendix A Translated and cross-culturally adapted version of the Levels of Speech Usage (LSU), named Levels of Speech Usage for Brazil (LSU-Br) Como você usa a sua fala? Apesar da comunicação ser importante para todas as pessoas, cada um se comunica de um modo diferente. Pense em como você falou no último ano. Escolha a categoria abaixo que melhor descreve você. Escolha um dos itens abaixo. Categoria de uso vocal () Restrito Quieto por longos períodos quase todos os diasQuase nunca:- fala por longos períodos- fala com volume acima do nível de conversa normal- participa de grupos de discussão, faz um discurso ou apresentações () Eventual Quieto por longos períodos por muitos diasFala a maior parte do tempo em volume habitualOcasionalmente/ eventualmente:- fala por longos períodos- fala em volume superior ao de uma conversa normal- participa de grupos de discussão, faz discursos e apresentações () Frequente Fala frequentemente na maioria dos diasA maior parte do tempo em volume habitualOcasionalmente/ eventualmente:- fala por longos períodos- fala em volume superior ao de uma conversa normal- participa de grupos de discussão, faz discursos e apresentações () Intenso Fala constantemente além do uso normal de falaRegularmente:- fala por longos períodos- fala com volume alto-participa de grupos de discussão, faz discursos e apresentaçõesEmbora a demanda de fala seja geralmente alta, você é capaz de dar seguimento às suas atividades sociais e profissionais ainda que sua voz não esteja perfeita () Extremo Fala muito sempreRegularmente:- fala por longos períodos- fala em voz alta ou expressiva ou- faz apresentações ou performancesO sucesso dos seus objetivos profissionais ou pessoais depende quase totalmente da qualidade de sua fala e voz () Não se aplica Assinale este campo caso você julgue que algum dos itens acima não são representativos sobre como você utiliza a sua voz e justifique sua escolha por esta opção ), with five response options as in the original scale.

None of the participants chose the “does not apply” option. No cultural or conceptual barriers were found and there were no other changes.

DISCUSSION

As some other validated and reliable self-rating scales(66 Behlau M, Madazio G, Moreti F, Oliveira G, Santos LM, Paulinelli BR, et al. Efficiency and cutoff values of self-assessment instruments on the impact of a voice problem. J Voice. 2016;30(4):506.e9-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.05.022. PMid:26168902.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....
), the LSU can be used to efficiently describe how much individuals used their voice in the past year for clinical and research purposes(11 Baylor C, Yorkston K, Eadie T, Miller R, Amtmann D. Levels of speech usage: a self-report scale for describing how people use speech. J Med Speech-Lang Pathol. 2008;16(4):191-8. PMid:21743788.). The LSU has proved to be an instrument applicable to individuals in a wide range of situations, including to those with communication disorders(55 Gray C, Baylor C, Eadie T, Kendall D, Yorkston K. The Levels of Speech usage rating scale: comparison of client self-rating with speech pathologist rating. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2012;47(3):333-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00112.x. PMid:22512518.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.20...
,77 Anderson L, Baylor C, Eadie T, Yorkston K. Describing speech usage in daily activities in typical adults. J Voice. 2015;30(1):42-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.02.001. PMid:25873543.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015....
). In the case of the adaptation stage of the LSU-Br, none of the individuals chose the “does not apply” response, and no modifications were needed for the protocol to be accepted by the study sample.

Achieving cross-cultural equivalence is the first stage in the validation of protocols, and it is essential that no barriers between the instrument and its target population exist in different countries, so that possible sociocultural differences between cultures and languages can be resolved and the instrument does not become a mere literal translation of its original. This stage has been successfully achieved in validations of previous protocols in the field of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences in Brazil(88 Rocha BR, Moreti F, Amin E, Madazio G, Behlau M. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the protocol Evaluation of the Ability to Sing Easily. CoDAS. 2014;26(6):535-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20142014175. PMid:25590918.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2014...

9 Zambon F, Moreti F, Nanjundeswaran C, Behlau M. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Vocal Fatigue Index - VFI. CoDAS. 2017;29(2):e20150261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172015261. PMid:28300936.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2017...

10 Moreti F, Zambon F, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Cross-cultural adaptation, validation, and cutoff values of the Brazilian version of the Voice Symptom Scale- VoiSS. J Voice. 2014;28(4):458-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.11.009. PMid:24560004.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013....
-1111 Costa T, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Validation of the voice handicap Index: 10 (VHI-10) to the Brazilian Portuguese. CoDAS. 2013;25(5):482-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000500013. PMid:24408554.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013...
), which served as an example and model for this project.

The 14 individuals who responded Routine in the scale reported their perception of actual speech usage during the past year. The individual who reported Extraordinary level of voice usage was classified as level I - vocal elite performers(22 Koufman JA, Isaacson G. The spectrum of vocal dysfunction. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1991;24(5):985-8. PMid:1754226.). This individual has three jobs whose professional success depends almost entirely on voice quality. In addition to being a professional, this person is extroverted and very communicative, which further accentuates voice usage. This individual’s response covers the everyday and professional use of the voice, enhancing the relevance of the LSU-Br(11 Baylor C, Yorkston K, Eadie T, Miller R, Amtmann D. Levels of speech usage: a self-report scale for describing how people use speech. J Med Speech-Lang Pathol. 2008;16(4):191-8. PMid:21743788.).

In contrast, the individual who chose the Undemanding response works in an office and communicates directly with all employees of the company(44 Vilkman E. Voice problem at work: a challenge for occupational safety and health arrangement. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2000;52(1-3):120-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000021519. PMid:10474011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000021519...
), (level III - non-vocal professionals(22 Koufman JA, Isaacson G. The spectrum of vocal dysfunction. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1991;24(5):985-8. PMid:1754226.)) and has a family environment composed of many children and grandchildren. Nevertheless, this response was the one that seemed closest to the daily speech usage of this participant in the past year. The result indicates Undemanding speech usage, different from what a therapist could infer by listening to the individual’s history, which once again shows the relevance of the LSU-Br rating scale(11 Baylor C, Yorkston K, Eadie T, Miller R, Amtmann D. Levels of speech usage: a self-report scale for describing how people use speech. J Med Speech-Lang Pathol. 2008;16(4):191-8. PMid:21743788.).

Speech usage is an important topic to be measured, and it is of high relevance for continued research with the general population, individuals with disorders(1212 Ebersole B, Soni RS, Moran K, Lango M, Devarajan K, Jamal N. The influence of occupation on self-perceived vocal problems in patients with voice complaints. J Voice. 2018;32(6):673-80.. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.08.028. PMid:28967587.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017....
), population at risk of dysphonia, the specific populations(1313 Buckley KL, O’Halloran PD, Oates JM. Occupational vocal health of elite sports coaches: an exploratory pilot study of football coaches. J Voice. 2015;29(4):476-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.017. PMid:25737473.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014....
) of singers(1414 Franca MC, Wagner JF. Effects of vocal demands on voice performance of student singers. J Voice. 2015;29(3):324-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.07.004. PMid:25510164.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014....
) and actors, and with individuals who work for pay at offices, companies and other environments. With the completion of the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process for Brazilian Portuguese, the LSU-Br validation process will begin. In this stage, it will be verified whether the amount of speech usage directly influences vocal complaints or even voice disorders in the general population.

CONCLUSION

Cross-cultural and linguistic equivalence was verified between the LSU and its version translated into Brazilian Portuguese (LSU-Br). After completion of this stage of the study, the validation of the LSU-Br is under progress.

Annex A The Levels of Speech Usage (LSU) categorical rating scale

How Do You Use Your Speech?

While communication is important to everyone, different people use their speech in different ways. Think of how you have typically used your speech over the past year. Choose the category below that best describes you.

_____ Undemanding:

Quiet for long periods of time almost every day:

Almost never

  • talk for long periods

  • raise your voice above a conversational level,

  • participate in group discussions, give a speech or other presentation

_____ Intermittent:

Quiet for long periods of time on many days

Most talking is typical conversational speech

Occasionally:

  • talk for longer periods

  • raise voice above conversational level

  • participate in group discussions, give a speech or other presentation

_____ Routine:

Frequent periods of talking on most days

Most talking is typical conversational speech

Occasionally:

  • talk for longer periods

  • raise voice above conversational level

  • participate in group discussions, give a speech or other presentation

_____ Extensive:

Speech usage consistently goes beyond everyday conversational speech.

Regularly:

  • talk for long periods

  • talk in a loud voice

  • participate in group discussions, give presentations or performances

Although the demands 011 your speech are often high, you are able to continue with most work or social

activities even if your speech is not perfect.

_____ Extraordinary:

Very high speech demands

Regularly:

  • talk for long periods of time

  • talk with loud or expressive speech or

  • give presentations or performances.

The success of your work or personal goals depends almost entirely on the quality of your speech and voice.

J Med Speech Lang Pathol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 July 6.

Appendix A Translated and cross-culturally adapted version of the Levels of Speech Usage (LSU), named Levels of Speech Usage for Brazil (LSU-Br)

Como você usa a sua fala?

Apesar da comunicação ser importante para todas as pessoas, cada um se comunica de um modo diferente. Pense em como você falou no último ano. Escolha a categoria abaixo que melhor descreve você. Escolha um dos itens abaixo.

Categoria de uso vocal
() Restrito Quieto por longos períodos quase todos os dias
Quase nunca:
- fala por longos períodos
- fala com volume acima do nível de conversa normal
- participa de grupos de discussão, faz um discurso ou apresentações
() Eventual Quieto por longos períodos por muitos dias
Fala a maior parte do tempo em volume habitual
Ocasionalmente/ eventualmente:
- fala por longos períodos
- fala em volume superior ao de uma conversa normal
- participa de grupos de discussão, faz discursos e apresentações
() Frequente Fala frequentemente na maioria dos dias
A maior parte do tempo em volume habitual
Ocasionalmente/ eventualmente:
- fala por longos períodos
- fala em volume superior ao de uma conversa normal
- participa de grupos de discussão, faz discursos e apresentações
() Intenso Fala constantemente além do uso normal de fala
Regularmente:
- fala por longos períodos
- fala com volume alto
-participa de grupos de discussão, faz discursos e apresentações
Embora a demanda de fala seja geralmente alta, você é capaz de dar seguimento às suas atividades sociais e profissionais ainda que sua voz não esteja perfeita
() Extremo Fala muito sempre
Regularmente:
- fala por longos períodos
- fala em voz alta ou expressiva ou
- faz apresentações ou performances
O sucesso dos seus objetivos profissionais ou pessoais depende quase totalmente da qualidade de sua fala e voz
() Não se aplica Assinale este campo caso você julgue que algum dos itens acima não são representativos sobre como você utiliza a sua voz e justifique sua escolha por esta opção
  • Study conducted at Centro de Estudos da Voz – CEV – São Paulo (SP), Brasil, as a prerequisite for completion of the Specialization Course in Voice.
  • Financial support: nothing to declare.

REFERÊNCIAS

  • 1
    Baylor C, Yorkston K, Eadie T, Miller R, Amtmann D. Levels of speech usage: a self-report scale for describing how people use speech. J Med Speech-Lang Pathol. 2008;16(4):191-8. PMid:21743788.
  • 2
    Koufman JA, Isaacson G. The spectrum of vocal dysfunction. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1991;24(5):985-8. PMid:1754226.
  • 3
    Behrman A, Sulica L, He T. Factors predicting patient perception of dysphonia caused by benign vocal fold lesions. Laryngoscope. 2004;114(10):1693-700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200410000-00004 PMid:15454756.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200410000-00004
  • 4
    Vilkman E. Voice problem at work: a challenge for occupational safety and health arrangement. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2000;52(1-3):120-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000021519 PMid:10474011.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000021519
  • 5
    Gray C, Baylor C, Eadie T, Kendall D, Yorkston K. The Levels of Speech usage rating scale: comparison of client self-rating with speech pathologist rating. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2012;47(3):333-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00112.x PMid:22512518.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00112.x
  • 6
    Behlau M, Madazio G, Moreti F, Oliveira G, Santos LM, Paulinelli BR, et al. Efficiency and cutoff values of self-assessment instruments on the impact of a voice problem. J Voice. 2016;30(4):506.e9-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.05.022 PMid:26168902.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.05.022
  • 7
    Anderson L, Baylor C, Eadie T, Yorkston K. Describing speech usage in daily activities in typical adults. J Voice. 2015;30(1):42-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.02.001 PMid:25873543.
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.02.001
  • 8
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    Zambon F, Moreti F, Nanjundeswaran C, Behlau M. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Vocal Fatigue Index - VFI. CoDAS. 2017;29(2):e20150261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172015261 PMid:28300936.
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  • 10
    Moreti F, Zambon F, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Cross-cultural adaptation, validation, and cutoff values of the Brazilian version of the Voice Symptom Scale- VoiSS. J Voice. 2014;28(4):458-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.11.009 PMid:24560004.
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    Costa T, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Validation of the voice handicap Index: 10 (VHI-10) to the Brazilian Portuguese. CoDAS. 2013;25(5):482-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000500013 PMid:24408554.
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    Ebersole B, Soni RS, Moran K, Lango M, Devarajan K, Jamal N. The influence of occupation on self-perceived vocal problems in patients with voice complaints. J Voice. 2018;32(6):673-80.. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.08.028 PMid:28967587.
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    Franca MC, Wagner JF. Effects of vocal demands on voice performance of student singers. J Voice. 2015;29(3):324-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.07.004 PMid:25510164.
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Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    29 Aug 2019
  • Date of issue
    2019

History

  • Received
    31 Aug 2018
  • Accepted
    10 Dec 2018
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