Speech-language therapists with Ph.D. in Brazil: profile from 1976 to 2017

Ferreira, Léslie Piccolotto; Ferraz, Pablo Rodrigo Rocha; Garcia, Ana Carla Oliveira; Falcão, Ana Regina Graner; Ragusa-Mouradian, Claudia Aparecida; Herrero, Elaine; Passos, Priscila Silva; Fichino, Silvia Napole

Léslie Piccolotto Ferreira

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo – PUC-SP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3230-7248

Pablo Rodrigo Rocha Ferraz

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo – PUC-SP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4612-2612

Ana Carla Oliveira Garcia

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo – PUC-SP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-0073

Ana Regina Graner Falcão

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo – PUC-SP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5248-6493

Claudia Aparecida Ragusa-Mouradian

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo – PUC-SP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-1960

Elaine Herrero

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo – PUC-SP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3205-6087

Priscila Silva Passos

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo – PUC-SP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0520-899X

Silvia Napole Fichino

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo – PUC-SP - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3794-1456

Conflict of interest: nothing to declare.

Correspondence address: Pablo Rodrigo Rocha Ferraz Rua 85, 29, Edifício Triton, Apto 204, Vinhais, São Luís (MA), Brasil, CEP: 65074-310. E-mail: pablorrf@uol.com.br

LPF, project management, conception and design, data interpretation and analysis, critical review of the article and final approval of the version to be published; PRRF, project conception and design, data interpretation and analysis, critical review of the article and final approval of the version to be published; ACOG, project conception and design, data interpretation and analysis; ARGF, project conception and design, data interpretation and analysis; CARM participou da concepção e delineamento do estudo, análise e interpretação dos dados; CARM, project conception and design, data interpretation and analysis; EH, project conception and design, data interpretation and analysis; PSP, project conception and design, data interpretation and analysis; SNF, project conception and design, data interpretation and analysis, critical review of the article and final approval of the version to be published.

Variables	Total
Variables	no.	%
Gender
Female	1,085	96.4
Male	40	3.6
Time between undergraduate and doctoral degrees (years)
4.0 to 7.9	104	9.2
8.0 to 10.9	283	25.2
11 to 15.9	342	30.4
16 to 20.9	183	16.3
21 to 25.9	103	9.2
26.0 and higher	99	8.8
Not reported	11	1.0
Type of educational institution
Public State	452	40.2
Public Federal	467	41.5
Private	157	14.0
International	49	4.4
Geographic regions
North	4	0.4
Northeast	119	10.6
Southeast	787	70.0
South	141	12.5
Central-West	23	2.0
Other countries	49	4.4
Not reported	2	0.2
Country
Germany	3	0.3
Argentina	14	1.2
Australia	1	0.1
Brazil	1,075	95.6
Canada	2	0.2
Chile	1	0.1
United States of America	8	0.7
France	8	0.7
United Kingdom	2	0.2
Italy	1	0.1
Japan	1	0.1
Paraguay	3	0.3
Paraguay	5	0.4
Not reported	1	0.1
Knowledge area
Health Sciences	761	67.6
Human Sciences	132	11.7
Biological Sciences	17	1.5
Social Sciences	3	0.3
Exact Sciences	12	1.1
Linguistics, Literature and Arts	200	17.8
Area of activity
Audiology (hearing and balance)	293	26.0
Dysphagia	57	5.1
Educational Speech-Language Pathology	48	4.3
Language	396	35.2
Oral Motricity	96	8.5
Voice	104	9.2
Collective Health	67	6.0
Other	64	5.7
Period of completion (year) of the doctoral degree
1976 to 1992	26	2.3
1993 to 1997	48	4.3
1998 to 2002	108	9.6
2003 to 2007	223	19.8
2008 to 2012	321	28.5
2013 to 2017	399	35.5
Total	1,125	100.0

Area of activity	No. of Theses	Equation	r²	p
Overall (all areas)	1,125	$y = 1.1844 - 0.8403 x + 0.0755 x^{2}$	0.9410	<0.001
Audiology (hearing and balance)	293	$y = - 0.5076 - 0.0021 x + 0.0133 x^{2}$	0.8492	<0.001
Dysphagia	57	$y = 0.57725 - 0.1697 x + 0.0075 x^{2}$	0.5970	<0.001
Educational Speech-Language Pathology	48	$y = 0.1439 - 0.0553 x + 0.0038 x^{2}$	0.5992	<0.001
Language	396	$y = - 0.8440 - 0.0110 x + 0.0185 x^{2}$	0.8416	<0.001
Oral Motricity	96	$y = 0.0109 - 0.0755 x + 0.0068 x^{2}$	0.7325	<0.001
Voice	104	$y = 0.0675 - 0.0644 x + 0.0066 x^{2}$	0.7416	<0.001
Collective Health	67	$y = 1.0156 - 0.2640 x + 0.0106 x^{2}$	0.7608	<0.001
Other	64	$y = 0.7427 - 0.1983 x + 0.0085 x^{2}$	0.7225	<0.001

Variables	1998 to 2002		2003 to 2007		2008 to 2012		2013 to 2017		Total		p ^* * Chi-squared test. Note: totals in each variable may differ from 100.0% due to incomplete data
Variables	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender
Female	107	99.1	214	96.0	312	97.2	381	95.5	1,014	96.5	0.275
Male	1	0.9	9	4.0	9	2.8	18	4.5	37	3.5
Time between undergraduate and doctoral degrees (years)
3.0 to 7.9	7	6.5	16	7.2	33	10.3	45	11.3	101	9.6	0.013
8.0 to 10.9	18	16.7	45	20.2	102	31.8	107	26.8	272	25.9
11 to 15.9	39	36.1	70	31.4	86	26.8	118	29.6	313	29.8
16 to 20.9	16	14.8	49	22.0	40	12.5	58	14.5	163	15.5
21 to 25.9	14	13.0	23	10.3	28	8.7	29	7.3	94	8.9
26.0 and higher	10	9.3	19	8.5	28	8.7	41	10.3	98	9.3
Type of educational institution
Public State	41	38.0	121	54.3	144	44.9	124	31.1	430	40.9	<0.001
Public Federal	42	38.9	72	32.3	125	38.9	202	50.6	441	42.0
Private	20	18.5	20	9.0	43	13.4	63	15.8	146	13.9
International	5	4.6	10	4.5	9	2.8	10	2.5	34	3.2
Geographic regions
North	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	4	1.0	4	0.4	<0.001
Northeast	0	0.0	19	8.5	44	13.7	56	14.0	119	11.3
Southeast	101	93.5	171	76.7	228	71.0	230	57.6	730	69.5
South	2	1.9	21	9.4	32	10.0	84	21.1	139	13.2
Central-West	0	0.0	2	0.9	7	2.2	14	3.5	23	2.2
Other countries	5	4.6	10	4.5	9	2.8	10	2.5	34	3.2
Knowledge area
Health Sciences	76	70.4	136	61.0	204	63.6	302	75.7	718	68.3	<0.001
Human Sciences	15	13.9	27	12.1	36	11.2	37	9.3	115	10.9
Linguistics, Literature and Arts	15	13.9	52	23.3	75	23.4	44	11.0	186	17.7
Other	2	1.9	8	3.6	6	1.9	16	4.0	32	3.0
Audiology (hearing and balance)	38	35.2	64	28.7	77	24.0	90	22.6	269	25.6	<0.001
Area of activity
Dysphagia	3	2.8	5	2.2	17	5.3	32	8.0	57	5.4
Educational Speech-Language Pathology	6	5.6	4	1.8	15	4.7	19	4.8	44	4.2
Language	32	29.6	91	40.8	123	38.3	116	29.1	362	34.4
Oral Motricity	6	5.6	23	10.3	29	9.0	34	8.5	92	8.8
Voice	17	15.7	16	7.2	28	8.7	37	9.3	98	9.3
Collective Health	2	1.9	11	4.9	15	4.7	39	9.8	67	6.4
Other	4	3.7	9	4.0	17	5.3	32	8.0	62	5.9
Total	108	100.0	223	100.0	321	100.0	399	100.0	1,051	100.0

[1] Conflict of interest: nothing to declare.

Brasil

Brasil

Speech-language therapists with Ph.D. in Brazil: profile from 1976 to 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion