The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to the recent discussion on affirmative action policies and quota systems in Brazil. It addresses aspects such as where the expression affirmative action came from, where the quota system was implemented, their variors forms, the groups that benefited from them and different definitions applied to them. Subsequently, it offers on a panorama of affirmative action policies' development, noting their history, the characteristics they have acquired and experiences put into practice. Finally, it discusses some related controversial issues, such as their legality and scope. Does affirmative action imply reverse discrimination or effectivelly assure rights? Is it the best solution? Would not broader social policies be more effective? What is at stake in this debate?
SOCIAL ACTION; SOCIAL POLICIES; SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION; EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES