Physicochemical characterization, phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of genotypes and commercial cultivars of blueberry fruits

Bergmann, Amanda Radmann; Siebeneichler, Tatiane Jéssica; Fischer, Lucas de Oliveira; Holz, Ígor Ratzmann; Rombaldi, César Valmor; Oliveira, Bruna Andressa dos Santos; Fischer, Doralice Lobato de Oliveira; Silva, Catia Silveira da; Helbig, Elizabete

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20220450

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FOOD TECHNOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 53 (12) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220450 copy

Physicochemical characterization, phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of genotypes and commercial cultivars of blueberry fruits

Caracterização físico-química, composição fenólica e atividade antioxidante de genótipos e cultivares comerciais de frutos de mirtileiro

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The physicochemical characterization, antioxidant potential and phenolic composition of fruits of six genotypes (BB3, BB4, BB6, PW1, PW2 and PW5) and seven commercial cultivars (Bluebelle, Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax, Delite, Powderblue and Woodard) were carried out of blueberry, from the 2019/2020 production cycle. Color, soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and individual anthocyanins were analyzed. In general, all genotypes and cultivars are rich in phytochemicals. The genotypes PW1, PW2, PW5, BB3 and the cultivars Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax and Delite stand out. Thus, the blueberry genotypes in this study are considered as promising for the food industry and also for fresh consumption as commercial cultivars already consolidated in the fruit market, in view of the excellent phenolic composition present in these small fruits.

Key words:
Vaccinium ashei Reade; genetic variability; small fruits; phytochemicals; anthocyanins

Authorship

Amanda Radmann Bergmann ^*E-mail: amandarbergmann@outlook.com. *Corresponding author.

Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (PPGA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil. Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel)BrazilCapão do Leão, RS, BrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (PPGA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7390-7768

Tatiane Jéssica Siebeneichler

Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel)BrazilCapão do Leão, RS, BrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5340-3415

Lucas de Oliveira Fischer

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-4411

Ígor Ratzmann Holz

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0492-6295

César Valmor Rombaldi

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-2937

Bruna Andressa dos Santos Oliveira

Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemas de Produção Agrícola Familiar (PPGSPAF), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel)BrazilCapão do Leão, RS, BrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Sistemas de Produção Agrícola Familiar (PPGSPAF), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0272-075X

Doralice Lobato de Oliveira Fischer

Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul), Pelotas, RS, Brasil.Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul)BrasilPelotas, RS, BrasilInstituto de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul), Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-4508

Catia Silveira da Silva

Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos (PPGNA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel)BrazilPelotas, RS, BrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos (PPGNA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1854-6322

Elizabete Helbig

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7118-575X

E-mail: amandarbergmann@outlook.com. ^*Corresponding author.

Editors: Leandro Souza da Silva (0000-0002-1636-6643) Mara Fernandes Moura (0000-0002-1327-5527)

DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

All authors contributed equally for the conception and writing of the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and approved of the final version.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (4)

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Table 1
Physicochemical parameters (pH, TA, SS, SS/TA and color) in blueberry fruits from seven commercial cultivars and six genotypes.

Thumbnail

Table 2
Total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and total anthocyanins in blueberry fruits from seven commercial cultivars and six genotypes.

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Table 3
Antioxidant activity in blueberry fruits, from seven commercial cultivars and six genotypes.

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Table 4
Quantification of individual anthocyanins (malvidin-3-O-glycoside; malvidin-3-O-galactoside; cyanidin-3-O-glycoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside; delphinidin-3-O-galactoside) in blueberry fruits, from seven commercial cultivars.

Table 1 Physicochemical parameters (pH, TA, SS, SS/TA and color) in blueberry fruits from seven commercial cultivars and six genotypes.

Cultivars/Genotypes	pH	TA (mg 100g^-1 malic acid)	SS (Brix)	SS/TA	Color (°Hue)
Bluebelle	3.31±0.15 b	0.51±0.06 abc	15.97±0.10 ab	6.55±0.96 c	288.44±0.64^ns
Bluegem	3.32±0.03 b	0.72±0.09 a	15.51±0.63 abc	4.67±0.56 c	286.30±3.65^ns
Briteblue	3.23±0.12 b	0.73±0.09 a	15.62±0.44 abc	4.56±0.74 c	283.96±1.04^ns
Climax	3.28±0.04 b	0.67±0.08 ab	16.89±0.42 a	4.95±0.64 c	293.62±7.16^ns
Delite	3.26±0.15 b	0.70±0.08 a	14.79±0.21 bcde	4.73±0.75 c	289.08±0.53^ns
Powderblue	3.27±0.04 b	0.70±0.13 ab	15.08±0.32 bcd	4.82±0.86 c	289.05±1.49^ns
Woodard	3.28±0.10 b	0.64±0.08 ab	15.53±0.45 abc	5.18±0.80 c	286.89±1.50^ns
PW1	3.76±0.07 a	0.23±0.05 d	13.33±0.12 f	16.83±4.52 a	290.06±0.84^ns
PW2	3.38±0.06 b	0.55±0.14 abc	14.54±1.04 cdef	6.46±1.49 c	290.16±24.34^ns
BB3	3.35±0.02 b	0.29±0.10 cd	14.07±0.38 def	12.31±3.49 ab	291.71±1.25^ns
BB4	3.31±0.08 b	0.43±0.03 bcd	14.89±0.40 bcde	7.64±0.53 bc	289.92±3.09^ns
PW5	3.25±0.04 b	0.57±0.03 ab	14.87±0.62 bcde	5.75±0.33 c	284.37±4.65^ns
BB6	3.35±0.09 b	0.59±0.13 ab	13.52±0.21 ef	5.88±1.27 c	305.41±5.39^ns
CV (%)	2.62	15.91	3.18	25.55	2.58

Results expressed as means of three repetitions ± standard deviation (mg 100g^-1 wet mass). Equal letters in the same column do not differ by Tukey's test (P ≤ 0.05). CV (%): coefficient of variation. ns: not significant by the F test (P ≤ 0.05) of the analysis of variance.

Table 2 Total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and total anthocyanins in blueberry fruits from seven commercial cultivars and six genotypes.

Cultivars/Genotypes	Total Phenolics (mg 100g^-1gallic acid)	Total Flavonoids (mg 100g^-1catechin)	Total Anthocyanins (mg 100g^-1 pelargonidin)
Bluebelle	5.63±0.21 ab	8.20±0.77 bc	6.48±0.31 e
Bluegem	5.58±0.28 ab	10.06±0.52 a	7.95±0.88 cde
Briteblue	5.66±0.61 ab	9.47±0.19 ab	8.86±0.52 bc
Climax	5.59±0.30 ab	8.81±0.36 ab	10.11±0.69 ab
Delite	5.39±0.01 ab	8.74±0.39 ab	8.66±1.14 bcd
Powderblue	5.84±0.06 ab	9.62±0.45 ab	7.76±0.74 cde
Woodard	5.63±0.07 ab	9.07±0.61 ab	8.76±1.00 bc
PW1	5.87±0.11 a	10.31±0.59 a	9.38±0.47 bc
PW2	5.51±0.09 ab	10.03±0.47 a	6.14±0.81 e
BB3	5.17±0.41 ab	9.72±0.54 ab	9.05±0.37 bc
BB4	5.00±0.39 b	5.80±0.48 d	7.38±0.43 cde
PW5	5.78±0.13 ab	8.96±0.83 ab	11.71±0.79 a
BB6	5.28±0.34 ab	7.04±0.49 cd	6.60±0.41 de
CV (%)	5.19	6.04	8.43

Results expressed as means of three repetitions ± standard deviation (mg 100g^-1 dry mass). Equal letters in the same column do not differ by Tukey's test (P ≤ 0.05). CV (%): coefficient of variation.

Table 3 Antioxidant activity in blueberry fruits, from seven commercial cultivars and six genotypes.

Cultivars/Genotypes	DPPH (µMol Trolox 100g^-1)	ABTS (µMol Trolox 100g^-1)
Bluebelle	4.44±0.05 de	39.02±0.77 def
Bluegem	6.05±0.18 ab	46.23±0.63 a
Briteblue	5.67±0.11 bc	42.14±0.36 bcd
Climax	5.33±0.12 bc	40.69±0.97 cde
Delite	5.10±0.55 cd	43.27±0.93 abc
Powderblue	5.49±0.35 bc	38.15±0.73 ef
Woodard	5.18±0.23 cd	43.35±0.33 abc
PW1	6.65±0.27 a	42.14±0.80 bcd
PW2	5.69±0.03 bc	35.74±1.59 f
BB3	5.05±0.23 cde	44.65±1.41 ab
BB4	3.27±0.21 f	28.31±2.95 g
PW5	5.52±0.40 bc	41.58±1.03 bcde
BB6	4.23±0.39 e	36.44±0.39 f
CV (%)	5.38	2.98

Results expressed as means of three repetitions ± standard deviation (mg 100g-1 dry mass). Equal letters in the same column do not differ by Tukey's test (P ≤ 0.05). CV (%): coefficient of variation.

Table 4 Quantification of individual anthocyanins (malvidin-3-O-glycoside; malvidin-3-O-galactoside; cyanidin-3-O-glycoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside; delphinidin-3-O-galactoside) in blueberry fruits, from seven commercial cultivars.

Cultivars	Malvidin-3-O-glycoside	Malvidin-3-O-galactoside	Cyanidin-3-O-glycodide	Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside	Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside
	------------------------------------------------------------(mg 100 g^-1 malvidin)------------------------------------------------------------
Bluebelle	61.33±5.03 a	103.33±11.71^ns	16.33±1.15 bc	13.67±1.53 c	10.33±1.53 b
Bluegem	63.00±4.36 a	108.00±4.58^ns	15.00±1.00 bc	18.33±3.05 bc	11.67±1.15 b
Briteblue	20.33±2.08 c	111.33±8.5^ns	22.33±3.05 a	71.00±2.64 a	34.67±2.08 a
Climax	18.33±2.52 c	91.00±6.08^ns	21.33±2.08 a	71.67±2.52 a	31.33±2.08 a
Delite	51.33±2.08 b	90.33±6.66^ns	19.67±1.15 ab	22.67±1.53 b	10.00±1.00 b
Powderblue	49.00±3.00 b	94.67±6.66^ns	12.00±1.00 c	21.67±2.31 b	12.33±3.05 b
Woodard	47.00±1.00 b	103.67±6.66^ns	15.00±2.00 bc	20.67±1.53 b	9.33±2.52 b
CV (%)	7.09	7.55	10.28	6.53	11.91

Results expressed as means of three repetitions ± standard deviation (mg 100g^-1 dry mass). Equal letters in the same column do not differ by Tukey's test (P ≤ 0.05). CV (%): coefficient of variation. ns: not significant by the F test (P ≤ 0.05) of the analysis of variance.

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[1] E-mail: amandarbergmann@outlook.com. ^*Corresponding author.