Chemical profile, anti 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxegenase inhibitory effects of ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>) rhizome, callus and callus treated with elicitors

Ali, Ammar Mohammed Ahmed; El-Nour, Mawahib ElAmin Mohamed; Al-Atar, Abdulrahman Abdullah; Mohammad, Owais; El-Sheikh, Mohamed Abdel-Raouf; Qahtan, Ahmed Ali; Abdel-Salam, Eslam Mohamed; Yagi, Sakina Mohamed

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20210372

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BIOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 52 (10) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210372 copy

Chemical profile, anti 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxegenase inhibitory effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome, callus and callus treated with elicitors

Perfil químico, anti-5-lipoxigenase e efeitos inibitórios da ciclooxegenase do rizoma de gengibre (Zingiber officinale), do calo e calos tratados com elicitores

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The present study investigated the chemical profiles and evaluated the inhibitory effect against 5-Lipoxygenase (5-Lox) activity for extracts of ginger rhizome, callus, and callus treated with the elicitors; yeast extract (100, 300 and 500 mg/L), glycine (100, 200 and 300 mg/L) and salicylic acid (100 and 200 mg/L). Oils and chloroform: methanol (CM) extracts were prepared by maceration in petroleum ether and CM (1:1, v/v), respectively. Chemical profiles were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Oil of the callus recorded higher 5-Lox inhibitory effect (IC₅₀ 58.33±4.66 μg/mL) than the oil of rhizome (IC₅₀168.34±15.64 μg/mL) and comparable to that of the positive control; Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (IC₅₀ 61.25±1.02 μg/mL). The chemical profile of the callus oil contained large amounts of fatty acids, mainly the unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid (31.11%) and saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (28.56%). Elicitors modified the chemical profile of the callus and ameliorated the anti-5-Lox activity of CM extract of the callus. CM extracts of callus treated with 100 and 300 mg/L yeast extract and 50 mg/L salicylic acid significantly suppressed (P ≤ 0.05) the 5-Lox activity by 33.16%, 25.46% and 16%, respectively as compared to the CM extract of untreated callus. In conclusion, ginger callus could be considered as a valuable dietary supplement in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders.

Key words:
ginger; anti-5-lipoxygenase activity; yeast extract; salicylic acid; glycine

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: eabdelsalam@ksu.edu.sa. ^*Corresponding author

Extract	Yield (%)
Oil of rhizome	3.82
Oil of callus	1.60
CM extract of rhizome	5.05
CM extract of callus	5.74
CM extract of callus treated by 100 mg/L yeast extract	23.25
CM extract of callus treated by 300 mg/L yeast extract	12.18
CM extract of callus treated by 500 mg/L yeast extract	23.49
CM extract of callus treated by 100 mg/L glycine	19.86
CM extract of callus treated by 200 mg/L glycine	18.58
CM extract of callus treated by 300 mg/L glycine	17.00
CM extract of callus treated by 50 mg/L salicylic acid	27.20
CM extract of callus treated by 100 mg/L salicylic acid	10.75

No.	RI	RT	Compound name	---------------Area (%)-------------
				Rhizome	Callus
1	907	3.34	Methyle Hexanoate	0.35	_
2	965	3.72	Camphene	0.03	_
3	940	4.09	5-Hepten-2-one,6-Methyle-	0.09	_
4	987	4.14	β-Myrcene	0.02	_
5	1011	4.24	1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene	0.02	_
6	1007	4.30	Octanal	0.09	_
7	1024	4.37	α-Phellandrene	0.02	_
8	995	4.63	2-Ethylhexanol	0.15	1.83
9	1038	4.71	β-Phellandrene	0.40	_
10	1055	4.75	Eucalyptol	0.39	_
11	1100	5.49	Acetamide,N-[1-methyl-1-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enyl) ethyl]	0.06	_
12	1106	5.61	Linalol	0.07	_
13	1083	5.92	Methyl octanoate	0.17	0.04
14	1166	6.65	Endo-Borneol	0.38	_
15	1188	6.97	α-Terpineol	0.17	_
16	1200	7.08	Decanal	0.41	_
17	1242	7.62	β-Citral	0.08	_
18	1260	7.77	Geraniol	0.07	_
19	1272	8.02	α-Citral	0.09	_
20	1290	8.29	2-Undecanone	0.26	_
21	1306	8.68	Methyl Caprate	0.84	_
22	1330	8.97	Cyclohexene,4-ethenyl-4-methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl)-1-(1-methyl ethyl)-,(3R-trans)	0.06	_
23	1345	9.43	1,2,4-Metheno-1Hindene,octahydro-1,7a-dimethyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-,[1S-(1.α-.,2.α .,3a.beta.,4.α-.,5.α-.,7α-a.β.8S	0.18	_
24	1352	9.52	α-Cubebene	0.32	_
25	1370	9.71	7-Isopropenyl-1-methyl 4-methyl enedecahydroazulene	0.63	_
26	1450	9.82	β-Curcumene	0.20	_
27	1494	10.24	γ.-Elemene	0.64	_
28	1400	10.43	(E)-β-Famesene	0.35	_
29	1524	10.49	β-Sesquiphellandrene	0.22	_
30	1471	10.67	Alloaromadendrene	0.21	_
31	1480	10.83	Ar-Curcumene	6.93	_
32	1508	10.91	Germacrene D	1.37	_
33	1496	10.98	Zingiberene	29.6	_
34	1505	11.08	α-Farnesene	4.68	_
35	1520	11.14	β-Bisabolene	7.31	_
36	1481	11.25	Methyl dodecanoate	_	0.05
37	1446	11.35	Cedr-8(15)-ene	12.62	_
38	1779	14.64	Methyl pentadecanoate	_	0.12
39	1541	13.28	7-epi-trans-sesquisabinene hydrate	0.81	_

No.	RI^*	RT	Compound name	---------------Area (%)-------------
				Rhizome	Callus
40	1680	13.56	Methyl myristate	0.29	0.5
41	1886	15.36	7,10-Hexadecadienoic acid	0.14	0.24
42	1886	15.47	Palmitoleic acid	_	0.15
43	1878	15.66	Palmitic acid	2.68	28.56
44	2093	17.31	Linoleic acid	7.19	18.63
45	2085	17.36	Oleic acid	0.61	31.11
46	2154	17.38	Linolenic acid	1.32	_
47	2077	17.57	Stearic acid	0.72	4.12
48	2085	18.97	17-Octadecynoic acid	_	0.34
49	4007	19.12	Gingerol	16.47	_
50	2284	19.13	cis-11-Eicosenoic acid	_	0.61
51	2212	19.33	Arachidic acid	_	0.94
52	2228	19.73	Oleamide	_	0.55
53	2788	20.25	Phenol,2,2-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-	0.29	1.28
54	2411	20.95	Methyl behenate	_	0.66
55	2510	21.71	Methyl tricosanoate	_	0.28
56	2739	22.12	Stigmasterol	_	0.89
57	2674	22.45	Methyl lignocerate	_	1.08
58	2731	23.22	Δ⁷-Stigmastenol	_	7.51
59	2398	23.59	Cholestane	_	0.51
		Total hydrogenated monoterpenes		0.47	_
		Total oxygenated monoterpenes		2.06	_
		Total sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons		6.93	_
		Total oxygenated sesquiterpenes		58.39	_
		Total fatty acids		14.31	87.43
		Total phenols		16.76	1.28
		Total steroids		_	8.91
		Total alcohol		_	1.83
		Total		98.92	98.82

No.	RT	Compound name	Untreated callus	Yeast extract -----------(mg/L)----------			Glycine -----------(mg/L)----------			Salicylic acid ----(mg/L)----
				100	300	500	100	200	300	50	100
1	3.28	Glycerol	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	5.19	8.87
2	4.55	4-Hydroxybutanoic acid	_	1.84	0.76	0.37	_	_	_	_	_
3	9.21	3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro -4H-Pyran-4-one	_	2.88	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
4	10.03	1-Dodecene	1.25	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
5	10.30	Nitroisobutylglycerol	_	_	_	_	31.34	38.73	33.47	_	_
6	15.33	Nitroisobuty glycerol	_	19.71	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
7	15.66	Trimethyl citrate	3.29	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_
8	18.57	Ethyl.α.D- glucopyranoside	92.96	2.69	70.85	22.95	14.99	_	_	_	_
9	18.63	Methyl.β.-D-gluco pyranoside	_	68	3.87	_	_	31.74	60	_	_
10	18.66	β-Sitosterol	_	_	_	_	24	_	_	_	_
11	23.12	Palmitic acid	2.5	3.65	_	_	_	_	_	_
12	23.77	Stigmasterol	_	_	_	_	11.29		_	_	25.3
13	24.91	Lupeol	_	_	11.58	_	_	_	_	9.78	_
14	25.33	Betulic acid	_	_	7.27	_	_	_	_	_	_
15	25.80	Betulin	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	4.15	_
16	25.84	Δ⁷-Stigmastenol	_	_	_	_	_	15.23	_	44.54	_
17	26.35	β-Amyrin	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	6.81	_
18	26.49	2-Hydroxy-4,4,8-trimethyltr icyclo[6.3.1.0(1,5)]dodecan-9-one	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	14.14	_

No.	RT^*	Compound name	Untreated callus	Yeast extract ---------(mg/L)---------			Glycine --------(mg/L)--------			Salicylic acid ----(mg/L)---
				100	300	500	100	200	300	50	100
19	26.53	1a.2,5,5Tetramethyl-trans1a,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-gamma-chromene	_	_	_	29.38	_	_	_	_	_
20	26.62	Desmosterol	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	22.4
21	26.79	2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-(3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-heptadeca-3,7, 11,15-tetraenyl)-cyclohexanol	_	_	_	24.74	_	_	_	_	_
22	26.92	Humulane-1,6-dien-3-ol	_	_	_	11.68	_	_	_	_	_
23	27.06	Urs-12-en-28-al,3-(acetyloxy)-,(3.β,)-	_	_	_	10.43	_	_	_	_	_
24	27.83	Phenol,2,2-methylenebis{6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-	_	0.69	_	_	3.7	6.79	2.01	_	_
25	27.78	9.β.-Acetoxy-4-hydroxy-3,4, 8-trimethyl-5.α.Htricyclo [6.3.1.0(1,5)] dodecane	_	_	5.66	_	_	_	_	_	_
26	27.92	Nonacosane	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	_	4.3