Two enteral solutions with different chloride concentrations administered by naso-ruminal route for fluid therapy in adult cattle

Alves, Samuel Rodrigues; Avanza, Marcel Ferreira Bastos; Silva, Micheline Ozana da; Ermita, Pedro Ancelmo Nunes; Gomes, Lidiany Lopes; Monteiro, Lorena Chaves; Santos, Paulo Vinícius de Morais; Costa, Caio Monteiro; Ferreira, Gabriella Maria Morais; Mattos, Felipe Sperandio; Ribeiro Filho, José Dantas

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20181011

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CLINIC AND SURGERY • Cienc. Rural 49 (8) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20181011 copy

Two enteral solutions with different chloride concentrations administered by naso-ruminal route for fluid therapy in adult cattle

Comparação de duas soluções enterais com diferentes concentrações de cloreto administradas por via nasorruminal para hidratação em bovinos adultos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Six adult Holstein cows were used in this fluid therapy study. All animals were previously submitted to 24 hours of water and food abstaining period and submitted to both hydration treatments for eight hours in a crossover design 6x2. Two treatments with hypotonic solutions (190 mOsm/L) with low strong ion difference and different chloride concentrations solutions were executed. Physical, biochemical, blood gas analysis and urinary evaluation were executed in five different experimental times (T-24h, T0h, T4h, T8h e T24h). The hydration period caused plasmatic volume expansion. An increase in faeces humidity, excretion of Na⁺ and Cl^- in urine, reduction of PCV, osmolarity, blood and urinary pH was observed. Both solutions can be used for fluid therapy for adult cattle and solution containing calcium chloride (SECaCl) was the most suitable for use in animals with hypochloraemia.

Key words:
biochemical; blood gas analysis; calcium chloride; electrolyte

Authorship

Samuel Rodrigues Alves ^*E-mail: samuelalvesvet@gmail.com. *Corresponding author.

Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)BrazilViçosa, MG, BrazilDepartamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9615-5263

Marcel Ferreira Bastos Avanza

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-8539

Micheline Ozana da Silva

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2951-1950

Pedro Ancelmo Nunes Ermita

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-5754

Lidiany Lopes Gomes

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7090-0544

Lorena Chaves Monteiro

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3391-5947

Paulo Vinícius de Morais Santos

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3340-7013

Caio Monteiro Costa

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-3739

Gabriella Maria Morais Ferreira

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6797-9327

Felipe Sperandio Mattos

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-8664

José Dantas Ribeiro Filho

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5223-9310

E-mail: samuelalvesvet@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author.

DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

The authors contributed equally to the manuscript.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (3)

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Table 1
Physical and biochemical parameters of cows submitted to treatment with acidifying solutions: Faeces humidity (FHP - % of water), packed cell volume (PCV - %), osmolarity (OSM - mOsm/L), glucose (GLU - mg/dL), lactate (LAC - mg/dL), creatinine (CRE - mg/dL), urea (URE - mg/dL), specific gravity (SG - g/dL) and urinary volume (UV - L).

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Table 2
Blood end urinary electrolytes of cows submitted to treatment with acidifying solutions: Sodium (Na⁺ - mEq/L), potassium (K⁺ - mEq/L), chloride (Cl^- - mEq/L), total calcium (tCa²⁺ - mg/dL), magnesium (Mg²⁺ - mg/dL), urinary sodium (Na_Ur - mEq/L), urinary potassium (K_Ur - mEq/L) and urinary chloride (Cl_Ur - mEq/L).

Thumbnail

Table 3
Blood gas parameters of cows submitted to treatment with acidifying solutions: Blood pH, carbon dioxide pressure (pCO₂ - mmHg), bicarbonate (HCO₃ - mEq/L), base excess (BE - mEq/L) and urinary pH (pH_Ur).

Table 1 Physical and biochemical parameters of cows submitted to treatment with acidifying solutions: Faeces humidity (FHP - % of water), packed cell volume (PCV - %), osmolarity (OSM - mOsm/L), glucose (GLU - mg/dL), lactate (LAC - mg/dL), creatinine (CRE - mg/dL), urea (URE - mg/dL), specific gravity (SG - g/dL) and urinary volume (UV - L).

	Treatment	T = -24 h	T = 0 h	T = 4 h	T = 8 h	T = 24 h
FHP	SCaAc	85.0±1.6^a	80.8±1.1^b	82.8±1.9^ab	84.1±1.7^a	86.2±3.2^a
FHP	SCaCl₂	83.9±1.4^ab	81.1±2.7^bc	82.2±0.9^c	83.1±1.4^bc	85.6±1.2^a
PCV	SCaAc	28.2±5.0^a	28.0±4.1^a	27.1±2.3^ab	25.1±3.9^b	27.0±4.1^ab
PCV	SCaCl₂	27.5±2.7^a	28.8±4.2^a	27.1±2.4^a	25.6±3.3^b	27.5±2.4^ab
OSM	SCaAc	280.3±5.2^b	290.2±5.3^a	289.5±5.1^a	288.3±2.9^a	282.8±3.1^b
OSM	SCaCl₂	283.0±4.9^b	288.0±5.7^ab	289.7±5.6^a	291.0±2.4^a	284.0±3.2^b
GLU	SCaAc	67.2±8.0	67.9±11.9	66.3±9.1	62.9±10.8	73.8±4.5
GLU	SCaCl₂	68.3±2.1	68.0±9.1	65.5±9.2	66.2±7.0	72.6±3.7
LAC	SCaAc	7.2±1.5^A	6.5±1.4^A	5.5±1.4 ^A	7.3±2.1^A	6.2±0.4^A
LAC	SCaCl₂	6.7±1.0^A	6.5±3.3^A	7.0±2.8^A	6.2±2.3^B	5.3±0.5^B
CRE	SCaAc	0.9±0.2	1.0±0.2	1.0±0.2	1.0±0.3	0.9±0.2
CRE	SCaCl₂	1.0±0.2	1.1±0.3	1.0±0.3	1.1±0.2	0.9±0.4
URE	SCaAc	26.9±10.6^b	38.4±13.5^a	37.5±10.0^a	36.2±7.9^a	22.3±9.6^b
URE	SCaCl₂	24.5±10.0^b	41.2±10.3^a	36.8±13.5^ac	36.6±9.6^a	20.2±9.6^b
SG	SCaAc	1040.0±11.3	1042.0±2.8	1032.0±14.8	1006.0±2.8	1030.0±5.7
SG	SCaCl2	1036.0±7.7^ab	1045.0±7.1^ab	1039.0±1.4^a	1006.5±1.4^b	1025.0±1.4^a
UV	SCaAc	-	-	1.4±0.5^b	5,3±3,5^a	-
UV	SCaCl₂	-	-	1.8±1.2^b	6,8±5,1^a	-

Means followed by different lowercase letters on the same line and different capitals in the same column differ from each other (P≤0.05).

Table 2 Blood end urinary electrolytes of cows submitted to treatment with acidifying solutions: Sodium (Na⁺ - mEq/L), potassium (K⁺ - mEq/L), chloride (Cl^- - mEq/L), total calcium (tCa²⁺ - mg/dL), magnesium (Mg²⁺ - mg/dL), urinary sodium (Na_Ur - mEq/L), urinary potassium (K_Ur - mEq/L) and urinary chloride (Cl_Ur - mEq/L).

	Treatment	T = -24 h	T = 0 h	T = 4 h	T = 8 h	T = 24 h
Na⁺	SCaAc	139.0±1.4	141.0±2.8	139.0±1.4	143.5±0.7	141.5±2.1
Na⁺	SCaCl²	138.5±2.1	140.0±5.7	142.0±2.8	139.0±1.4	134.5±2.1
K⁺	SCaAc	4.4±0.4	4.7±0.6	4.1±0.5	4.2±0.3	4.5±0.6
K⁺	SCaCl²	4.1±0.4	4.4±0.3	4.4±0.6	4.3±0.3	4.3±0.5
Cl^-	SCaAc	93.2±0.7	88.8±4.5	86.4±6.4	90.6±2.0	93.2±2.5
Cl^-	SCaCl²	95.0±1.8	95.2±1.7	95.0±0.5	94.0±1.2	97.4±0.5
tCa²⁺	SCaAc	8.5±1.0	8.7±1.4	8.0±0.6	8.2±0.8	8.5±1.4
tCa²⁺	SCaCl²	8.8±0.4	8.3±1.6	8.0±1.3	8.7±0.8	8.0±1.3
Mg²⁺	SCaAc	2.6±0.3^a	2.3±0.5^ab	1.8±0.6^b	2.1±0.3^b	2.1±0.1^b
Mg²⁺	SCaCl²	2.6±0.1^a	2.3±0.2^b	2.2±0.6^ab	2.1±0.2^b	2.5±0.6^ab
Na_Ur	SCaAc	5.0±4.6^b	20.7±23.7^b	38.7±35.2^ab	86.7±49.3^ab	93.3±9.3^a
Na_Ur	SCaCl²	20.0±10.0^b	23.3±11.5^b	16.7±11.5^b	46.7±35.1^b	176.7±25.2^a
K_Ur	SCaAc	245.1±92.4^a	148.3±34.3^a	61.8±60.5^bc	29.4±4.4^c	187.5±69^ab
K_Ur	SCaCl²	303.0±19.1^a	207.8±22.0^b	144.8±88^bcd	49.0±21.8^d	150.0±30.0^c
Cl_Ur	SCaAc	37.8±20.6^ab	30.0±21.0^ab	12.1±7.6^b	22.9±16.3^ab	89.8±12.7^a
Cl_Ur	SCaCl²	44.1±28.5^ab	30.7±15.9^b	13.1±6.7^b	14.8±2.4^b	87.4±8.7^a

Means followed by different lowercase letters on the same line and different capitals in the same column differ from each other (P≤0.05).

Table 3 Blood gas parameters of cows submitted to treatment with acidifying solutions: Blood pH, carbon dioxide pressure (pCO₂ - mmHg), bicarbonate (HCO₃ - mEq/L), base excess (BE - mEq/L) and urinary pH (pH_Ur).

	Treatment	T = -24 h	T = 0 h	T = 4 h	T = 8 h	T = 24 h
pH	SCaAc	7.42±0.03^ab	7.41±0.02^bc	7.42±0.02^bc	7.45±0.03^a	7.40±0.04^c
pH	SCaCl₂	7.43±0.03^ab	7.40±0.02^bc	7.40±0.02^bc	7.44±0.01^a	7.38±0.02^c
pCO₂	SCaAc	43.5±2.0^b	46.0±3.6^ab	46.7±2.6^a	43.3±2.7^bc	42.0±1.9^c
pCO₂	SCaCl₂	43.8±3.6^ab	45.3±5.7^ab	45.7±3.7^a	43.5±4.7^ab	39.7±1.9^b
HCO₃	SCaAc	28.2±1.4^Aa	28.9±2.3^Aa	29.5±1.9^Aa	29.3±2.2^Aa	25.3±1.8^Ab
HCO₃	SCaCl₂	28.2±1.9^Aa	27.5±3.5^Aa	27.9±2.2^Aa	28.9±2.4^Aa	23.0±1.4^Bb
BE	SCaAc	3.3±1.7^a	3.6±2.1^a	4.1±1.8^a	4.7±2.4^a	0.3±2.1^b
BE	SCaCl₂	3.3±1.8^a	2.1±2.9^a	2.6±1.9^a	4.2±1.7^a	-1.9±1.6^b
pH_Ur	SCaAc	7.90±0.35	7.43±0.67	7.55±0.2	7.75±0.15	6.23±1.12
pH_Ur	SCaCl₂	8.14±0.04^a	8.19±0.09^a	8.15±0.02^a	7.75±0.53^a	5.31±0.18^b

Means followed by different lowercase letters on the same line and different capitals in the same column differ from each other (P≤0.05).

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Two enteral solutions with different chloride concentrations administered by naso-ruminal route for fluid therapy in adult cattle

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[1] E-mail: samuelalvesvet@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author.