Yeast chromium and digestible lysine levels in finishing pigs subjected to high ambient temperatures

Santos, Alexandre Pereira dos; Kiefer, Charles; Nascimento, Karina Márcia Ribeiro de Souza; Corassa, Anderson; Silva, Jéssica Lira da; Farias, Taynah Vieira Aguiar; Alencar, Stephan Alexandre da Silva; Lima, Denise de Santana

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20200753

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ANIMAL PRODUCTION • Cienc. Rural 52 (3) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200753 linkcopy

Yeast chromium and digestible lysine levels in finishing pigs subjected to high ambient temperatures

Níveis de cromo levedura e lisina digestível para suínos em terminação sob temperaturas ambientais elevadas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This study evaluated the effects of chromium yeast and digestible lysine levels on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Sixty-four barrows with an initial weight of 72.77 ± 7.20 kg and final weight of 119.44 ± 9.47 kg were used, distributed in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with two levels of chromium yeast (Cr0: 0 ppb and Cr800: 800 ppb) and two levels of digestible lysine (L0: recommended level and L+10%: 10%). The recorded air temperature of 30.9 ± 3.7 ºC during the experimental period was considered as heat stress. Performance variables were not influenced (P>0.05); however, L+10% showed an increase (P<0.05) in daily digestible lysine intake. Carcass characteristics of the animals were not influenced (P>0.05) by the chromium or digestible lysine levels. Supplementation with 800 ppb of yeast chromium and a 10% increase in the level of digestible lysine, isolated or associated, did not improve the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs, subjected to high ambient temperatures.

Key words:
additive; amino acids; nutrition; minerals

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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[TFN1] ¹Content per kilogram of product: vit. A: 1,250,000 UI, vit. D3: 250,000 UI, vit. E: 6,250 UI, vit. K3: 750 mg, vit. B1: 375 mg, vit. B2: 1,000 mg, vit. B6: 375 mg, vit. B12: 4,500 mg, pantothenic acid: 2,300 mg, folic acid: 125 mg, iron: 25 mg, copper: 3,750 mg, manganese: 12.5 g, zinc: 31.25 g, iodine: 250 mg, selenium: 75 mg, and excipient.

[TFN2] ²Supplementation of 50 g of yeast chromium to obtain diets with 800 ppb of yeast chromium.

[TFN3] ³Values calculated based on the nutritional composition of raw materials (ROSTAGNO et al., 2017).

Ingredients	-----------------------------------------------Diets--------------------------------------------
	Cr0L0	Cr0L+10%	Cr800L0	Cr800L+10%
Corn	79.815	79.815	79.815	79.815
Soybean meal, 46.5%	15.693	15.693	15.693	15.693
Soy oil	1.700	1.700	1.700	1.700
Dicalcium phosphate	0.863	0.863	0.863	0.863
Limestone	0.594	0.594	0.594	0.594
Salt	0.368	0.368	0.368	0.368
L-Lysine HCl, 77.5%	0.339	0.444	0.339	0.444
DL-Methionine, 99.5%	0.071	0.120	0.071	0.120
L-Treonine, 96.8%	0.076	0.132	0.076	0.132
L-Tryptophan, 99.0%	0.032	0.048	0.032	0.048
Premix vitamin and mineral¹	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150
Inert (kaolin)	0.300	0.074	0.250	0.024
Yeast chromium²	0.000	0.000	0.050	0.050
--------------------------------------------------------------------Nutritional composition³-----------------------------------------------------------------
Crude protein, %	14.145	14.285	14.145	14.285
Net energy, Mcal kg^-1	2.570	2.570	2.570	2.570
Calcium, %	0.497	0.497	0.497	0.497
Disponible phosphorus, %	0.242	0.242	0.242	0.242
Sodium, %	0.165	0.165	0.165	0.165
Digestible lysine, %	0.805	0.886	0.805	0.886
Digestible meth + cyst, %	0.483	0.532	0.483	0.532
Digestible treonine, %	0.523	0.576	0.523	0.576
Digestible tryptophan, %	0.161	0.177	0.161	0.177
Digestible valine, %	0.563	0.563	0.563	0.563

Ingredients	-------------------------------------------------Diets-----------------------------------------------
	Cr0L0	Cr0L+10%	Cr800L0	Cr800L+10%
Corn	85.271	85.271	85.271	85.271
Soybean meal, 46.5%	11.152	11.152	11.152	11.152
Soy oil	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Dicalcium phosphate	0.758	0.758	0.758	0.758
Limestone	0.546	0.546	0.546	0.546
Salt	0.349	0.349	0.349	0.349
L-Lysine HCl, 77.5%	0.336	0.426	0.336	0.426
DL-Methionine, 99.5%	0.042	0.085	0.042	0.085
L-Treonine, 96.8%	0.062	0.110	0.062	0.110
L-Tryptophan, 99.0%	0.033	0.047	0.033	0.047
Premix vitamin and mineral¹	0.150	0.150	0.150	0.150
Inert (kaolin)	0.300	0.104	0.250	0.054
Yeast chromium²	0.000	0.000	0.050	0.050
---------------------------------------------------------------------Nutritional composition³------------------------------------------------------------------
Crude protein, %	12.270	12.397	12.270	12.397
Net energy, Mcal kg^-1	2.570	2.570	2.570	2.570
Calcium, %	0.444	0.444	0.444	0.444
Disponible phosphorus, %	0.216	0.216	0.216	0.216
Sodium, %	0.158	0.158	0.158	0.158
Digestible lysine, %	0.697	0.767	0.697	0.767
Digestible meth + cyst, %	0.418	0.460	0.418	0.460
Digestible treonine, %	0.453	0.499	0.453	0.499
Digestible tryptophan, %	0.139	0.153	0.139	0.153
Digestible valine, %	0.492	0.492	0.492	0.492

Variables	Cr0	Cr0	Cr800	Cr800	SEM	---------------P value---------------
	L0	L+10%	L0	L+10%		Cr	L	Cr x L
Initial weight	72.72	72.66	72.84	72.85	2.687	0.802	0.968	0.955
Final weight phase I	98.25	97.98	97.34	97.96	2.963	0.721	0.894	0.732
Final weight phase II	120.22	119.71	118.32	120.50	3.053	0.746	0.629	0.434
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Phase I, 70-100 kg------------------------------------------------------------------
DFI, kg	3.26	3.33	3.20	3.32	0.127	0.864	0.611	0.884
DWG, kg	1.02	1.01	0.98	1.00	0.028	0.546	0.844	0.684
FC	3.19	3.28	3.26	3.32	0.075	0.603	0.487	0.853
DDLI, g	26.28	29.51	25.80	29.46	1.056	0.861	0.031	0.889
DNEI, Mcal	8.39	8.58	8.24	8.57	0.328	0.867	0.582	0.885
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Phase II, 100-120 kg----------------------------------------------------------------
DFI, kg	3.25	3.19	3.18	3.39	0.099	0.628	0.572	0.341
DWG, kg	1.04	1.03	1.00	1.07	0.030	0.913	0.447	0.297
FC	3.12	3.11	3.18	3.18	0.098	0.624	0.988	0.962
DDLI, g	22.63	24.45	22.16	26.05	0.729	0.599	0.011	0.334
DNEI, Mcal	8.35	8.22	8.17	8.75	0.254	0.627	0.536	0.341
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Phase I+II, 70-120 kg---------------------------------------------------------------
DFI, kg	3.25	3.26	3.19	3.36	0.103	0.902	0.558	0.582
DWG, kg	1.03	1.02	0.99	1.04	0.022	0.646	0.542	0.360
FC	3.16	3.20	3.22	3.25	0.071	0.510	0.685	0.938
DDLI, g	24.61	27.21	24.14	27.90	0.829	0.928	0.013	0.626
DNEI, Mcal	8.37	8.42	8.21	8.65	0.268	0.927	0.528	0.610

Variables	Cr0	Cr0	Cr800	Cr800	SEM	----------------------P value---------------------
	L0	L+10%	L0	L+10%		Cr	L	Cr x L
HCW, kg	89.30	90.07	89.21	89.88	2.474	0.932	0.646	0.977
CY, %	74.82	76.02	75.69	75.28	0.548	0.878	0.328	0.067
BT, mm	17.28	19.59	17.03	19.30	1.071	0.843	0.102	0.988
LD, mm	65.95	65.95	64.27	64.67	1.095	0.355	0.899	0.898
LM, %	55.03	53.02	54.82	53.11	0.919	0.960	0.109	0.894