Intranasal midazolam in green iguanas (<i>Iguana iguana</i>)

Sarri, Bruna Maria; Ghussn, Laura Roverato; Ferruccio, Carolina Akel; Sanches, Mariana Cardoso; Carregaro, Adriano Bonfim

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20230156

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CLINIC AND SURGERY • Cienc. Rural 55 (2) • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20230156 linkcopy

Intranasal midazolam in green iguanas (Iguana iguana)

Efeitos do midazolam intranasal em iguanas verdes (Iguana iguana)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This study evaluated the sedation and the physiological effects produced by three doses of intranasal midazolam in green iguanas. Eight adult iguanas weighing 850 ± 165 grams, received each of five treatments: intramuscular midazolam 2 mg.kg^-1 (IM), intranasally administered midazolam at doses of 2 mg.kg^-1 (IN2), 3 mg.kg^-1 (IN3) and 5 mg.kg^-1 (IN5), and intramuscular saline (CON). The degree of sedation, heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature were assessed from the baseline to 360 minutes post-administrations. The IM treatment induced mild to deep sedation from 10 (9 [8-12]) to 120 minutes (8 [3-9]). Sedation was not achieved in groups IN2 and IN3. When compared to the baseline, mild sedation was achieved in IN5 at 20 (5 [2-6]), 45 (5 [1-6]) and 90 minutes (5 [1-7]). There was a reduction in heart rate only in the IM group at 360 minutes (40 ± 15.1 bpm). Respiratory rate decreased to the baseline only in IN5, at 30 (12 [8-16] mpm) and 90 minutes (12 [8-24] mpm). No changes in body temperature were observed with any of the treatments during the evaluation period. Intranasally administered midazolam at a dose of 5 mg.kg^-1, but not at 2 and 3 mg.kg^-1, induced mild sedation in green iguanas. However, the effect exhibited a lower intensity and duration compared to the intramuscular dose of 2 mg.kg^-1. Therefore, the administration of intranasal midazolam is not a reasonable option compared to the intramuscular route.

Key words:
Intranasal; lizard; midazolam; reptile anesthesia; sedation

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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[TFN1] ^*
Indicates differences in each treatment comparing to the baseline value (P < 0.05).

HR	-------------------------------------------------------------------Time (min)------------------------------------------------------------------
Treatment	Baseline	5	15	30	60	90	120	180	300	360
IM	53 ± 15.9	58 ± 16.5	50 ± 11.5	43 ± 14.8	40 ± 17.0^*	41 ± 16.8	45 ± 13.1	41 ± 16.0	43 ± 17.3	40 ± 15.1^*
CON	51 ± 6.0	55±4.5	61 ± 12.0	59 ± 11.4	55 ± 13.9	52 ± 19.0	58 ± 15.7	54 ± 13.0	52 ± 16.6	56 ± 11.3
IN2	55 ± 14.9	53 ± 15.5	54 ± 16.1	51 ± 13.3	50 ± 14.1	53.5 ± 15.1	51.5 ± 15.9	47 ± 18.4	50 ± 16.7	51 ± 15.8
IN3	45 ± 11.8	50 ±1 3.5	45 ± 13.0	42 ± 12.3	43 ± 17.2	39 ± 11.7	43 ± 10.4	43 ± 10.6	47 ± 10.6	47 ± 15.5
IN5	50 ± 19.5	48 ± 12.4	45 ± 13.3	41 ± 14.4	43 ± 17.2	44 ± 16.8	44 ± 15.1	46 ± 17.2	53 ± 12.0	44 ± 19.9

RR	------------------------------------------------------------------Time (min)----------------------------------------------------------------
Treatment	Baseline	5	15	30	60	90	120	180	300	360
IM	24 [12;32]	16 [8;20]	14 [8;24]	16 [8;32]	18 [8;24]	14 [8;28]	14 [12;28]	12 [12;28]	16 [8;32]	24 [12;36]
CON	20 [20;28]	18 [16;28]	26 [12;32]	20 [20;28]	24 [16;32]	24 [20;32]	24 [12;36]	28 [16;32]	28 [12;32]	30 [16;40]
IN2	20 [12;32]	14 [8;24]	16 [8;24]	20 [8;24]	16 [12;32]	18 [8;40]	20 [8;36]	22 [8;36]	20 [8;28]	16 [8;28]
IN3	24 [12;36]	16 [8;36]	14 [8;24]	14 [8;32]	16 [12;20]	20 [8;28]	22 [8;28]	22 [12;28]	24 [12;44]	22 [12;44]
IN5	20 [16;32]	18 [12;24]	16 [8;32]	12 [8;16]^*	16 [8;28]	12 [8;24]^*	16 [12;28]	18 [8;32]	22 [12;32]	22 [12;36]

ºC	------------------------------------------------------------------Time (min)-------------------------------------------------------------------
Treatment	Baseline	5	15	30	60	90	120	180	300	360
M	27.4 ± 2.5	27.6 ± 2.0	27.4 ± 2.0	27.5 ± 1.8	27.4 ± 1.4	27.5 ± 1.3	27.6 ± 1.5	27.9 ± 1.4	27.5 ± 1.2	26.6 ± 1.2
CON	27.2 ± 2.0	27.3 ± 1.5	27.7 ± 1.4	27.9 ± 1.4	27.8 ± 1.4	28.3 ± 1.3	28.4 ± 1.5	28.1 ± 1.2	27.4 ± 1.7	27.9 ± 1.4
IN2	27.7 ± 1.3	28.5 ± 1.3	28.2 ± 1.1	28.3 ± 1.3	28.0 ± 1.1	28.0 ± 1.1	27.9 ± 1.2	27.9 ± 1.2	27.6 ± 1.0	28.1 ± 1.4
IN3	26.9 ± 1.4	27.7 ± 1.3	27.6 ± 1.2	27.5 ± 1.1	27.4 ± 1.0	27.7 ± 1.1	27.6 ± 1.3	27.5 ± 0.9	28.0 ± 1.3	27.8 ± 1.1
IN5	27.1 ± 1.9	27.8 ± 1.7	27.5 ± 1.5	27.7 ± 1.6	27.6 ± 1.4	27.7 ± 1.2	27.9 ± 1.4	28.8 ± 1.1	28.2 ± 1.4	27.9 ± 1.5