Marcadores sistêmicos de inflamação e estresse em bovinos e ovinos submetidos a diferentes procedimentos reprodutivos

Costa, Vitória Gasperin Guazzelli; Vieira, Arnaldo Diniz; Schneider, Augusto; Rovani, Monique Tomazele; Gonçalves, Paulo Bayard Dias; Gasperin, Bernardo Garziera

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20180336

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ANIMAL PRODUCTION • Cienc. Rural 48 (12) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20180336 linkcopiar

Marcadores sistêmicos de inflamação e estresse em bovinos e ovinos submetidos a diferentes procedimentos reprodutivos

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO:

Estudos anteriores avaliaram o efeito de diferentes procedimentos reprodutivos sobre marcadores de desconforto em bovinos e ovinos. Tais estudos podem estimular a adoção de técnicas que preservem o bem-estar animal. Entretanto, os marcadores comumente utilizados apresentam alta influência de fatores externos. Para contornar isso, a avaliação conjunta de diferentes parâmetros sistêmicos pode ser utilizada para determinar com maior precisão a presença de estresse, dor ou inflamação, como cortisol, proteínas de fase aguda, a bradicinina e a substância P. O objetivo desta revisão é relacionar potenciais marcadores de inflamação e estresse, discutindo como e quando são regulados frente aos estímulos em bovinos e ovinos. Ainda, pretende-se revisar de que forma procedimentos reprodutivos com diferentes graus de invasividade acarretam em desconforto, fornecendo informações para a elaboração de estratégias que possibilitem minimizá-lo.

Palavras chave:
biotécnicas da reprodução; cortisol; desconforto; proteínas de fase aguda

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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[TFN1] Sp: species; AI: artificial insemination; O: ovine; B: bovine; RR: rubber ring; OPU: ovum-pick up; EB: elastic band; TAI: timed AI; ET: embryo transfer; TPP: total plasma protein.

Authors	Procedure	Sp.	Main results
MARTIN et al. (1981)	Laparoscopy	O	Cortisol peak (60ng/mL or 165.5nmol/L) after one laparoscopy and concentrations between 70 to 100ng/mL (193.1 to 275.9nmol/L) after two laparoscopic procedures (12h interval).
COHEN et al. (1990)	Chemical castration	B	Lower cortisol release after chemical castration compared to orchiectomy.
LESTER et al. (1991)	Surgical castration	O	Cortisol increase up to 4h.
KENT et al. (1993)	Surgical castration	O	Cortisol peak of 200nmol/L.
NAKAO et al. (1994)	Vaginoscopy and rectal palpation	B	Cortisol peak (12ng/ml or 33.1nmol/L) after uterine and ovarian palpation or after AI.
ROBERTSON et al. (1994)	Surgical castration	B	Presence of abnormal posture and cortisol concentrations up to 107nmol/L.
LESTER et al. (1996)	RR castration	O	Positive correlation between restlessness and cortisol concentrations.
FISHER et al. (2001)	Surgical castration	B	Haptoglobin peak (639μg/mL).
HOUDEAU et al. (2002)	Cervical AI	O	Increased cortisol concentrations after 30min.
CHASTANT-MAILLARD et al. (2003)	Follicular aspiration	B	Cortisol concentrations and leucogram values did not differ between cows submitted to OPU and control cows.
STAFFORD et al. (2006)	Laparoscopy	O	Detomidine inhibited cortisol increase compared to ewes sedated with acepromazin.
PANG et al. (2006)	RR castration	B	Increase in haptoglobin concentrations three days after procedure.
MELCHES et al. (2007)	RR castration	O	Surgical castration induced higher cortisol concentrations compared to RR and emasculator. RR castration induces response to local palpation for up to 30 days.
PETYIM et al. (2007)	Follicular aspiration	B	Increase in cortisol concentrations up to 46nmol/L.
ORIHUELA et al., (2009)	Electroejaculation	O	The increase in cortisol concentrations and cardiac rate are consequences of electric stimulus.
GONZÁLEZ et al. (2010)	EB castration	B	Epidural xylazine and intravenous flunixin inhibit salivary cortisol increase. Chronic pain was not accompanied by changes in cortisol concentrations.
LONG et al. (2011)	TAI	B	Cortisol increases (8.8ng/mL or 24.3nmol/L) after intravaginal device insertion.
DAMIÁN & UNGERFELD (2011)	Electroejaculation	O	Cortisol peak (2.5μg/dL or 69nmol/L), increased TPP (up to 6.3g/dL) and vocalizations.
WHITLOCK et al. (2012)	Electroejaculation	B	Cortisol peak (above 100nmol/L) and vocalizations.
MARTI et al. (2015)	Immunocastration or EB	B	Increase in salivary cortisol concentrations up to 60 and 120min after anti-GnRH vaccination and EB castration, respectively.
UNGERFELD et al. (2015)	Electroejaculation	O	Increase in cortisol concentrations after electroejaculation compared to accessory glands massage.
MELÉNDEZ et al. (2017)	Surgical castration or EB	B	Increase in cortisol concentrations for 120min after surgical or EB castration.
OLIVEIRA et al. (2017)	Surgical castration	B	Increase in cortisol concentrations for 60min and increase in scrotal temperature.
OLIVEIRA et al. (2017)	Chemical castration	B	Cortisol peak (1.8±0.2µg/dL or 5nmol/L) only after 30min.
OLIVEIRA et al. (2018)	ET	O	Increase in haptoglobin concentrations from three to six days and TPP nine days after procedures.
KASIMANICKAM et al. (2018)	ET	B	Positive correlation between cortisol and substance P concentrations in embryo recipient cows.