Biofumigação com espécies da família Brassicaceae: uma revisão

Santos, Carlos Antônio dos; Abboud, Antônio Carlos de Souza; Carmo, Margarida Goréte Ferreira do

RESUMO:

A biofumigação consiste na liberação de compostos biocidas voláteis no solo a partir da incorporação de determinadas plantas e de seus resíduos. As espécies da família Brassicaceae são as plantas mais utilizadas na biofumigação. Em sua constituição, possuem os glucosinolatos que, após hidrólise enzimática, produzem compostos como os isotiocianatos com efeito biofungicida comprovado cientificamente. As espécies de brássicas mais utilizadas pertencem aos gêneros Brassica, Raphanus, Sinapis e Eruca. Além da liberação de compostos no solo, mecanismos complementares como o fornecimento de matéria orgânica, nutrientes e melhoria da estrutura do solo, também desempenham papel complementar na biofumigação. Diversos estudos foram publicados nas últimas duas décadas com a utilização de resíduos de brássicas na biofumigação e apresentaram resultados promissores no manejo de patógenos de solo (fungos e oomicetos, nematóides, bactérias e protozoários), sementes de plantas daninhas e insetos. Novas formas de utilização também foram validadas nos últimos anos, inclusive com o desenvolvimento de produtos tecnológicos patenteados como formulações líquidas e pellets. Nesta revisão, objetivamos apresentar estes novos desdobramentos iniciando com os conceitos relacionados à biofumigação. Em seguida, apresentamos os mecanismos de ação e compostos envolvidos; as espécies de brássicas, produtos e recomendações para sua utilização; e exemplos promissores de adoção da técnica a nível mundial. Pretende-se, dessa forma, detalhar os avanços no conhecimento básico e aplicado do assunto.

Palavras-chave:
Brassica spp.; patógenos de solo; glucosinolatos; isotiocianatos; adubação verde.

[1] E-mail: carlosantoniokds@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author

Biofumigant	Target	Host	Strategy	Test type	Comments	Reference
Brassica oleracea	R. solani	Tomato	Use of fresh residues	Bioassay, greenhouse, field	Reduced symptoms and increased yield.	TSROR et al. (2007TSROR, L. et al. Biofumigation for the control of soilborne diseases. Acta horticulturae, v.747, 389-394, 2007. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.747.48 >. Accessed: Nov. 17, 2019. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.747.48. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007... )
Various species	Various species	N/A	Powder	In vitro	Reduced Ceratobasidium fimbriata by 68.6% and V. dahliae by 68.7%.	FAN et al. (2008FAN, C. M. et al. Potential biofumigation effects of Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa on growth of fungi. Journal of Phytopathology, v.156, n.6, p.321-325, 2008. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01343.x >. Accessed: Apr. 15, 2020. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01343.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007... )
Brassica napus, B. juncea, B. campestris	Sclerotinia sclerotiorum	N/A	Macerated and dry tissues	In vitro	Growth reduction and sclerotia formation.	OJAGHIAN et al. (2012OJAGHIAN, M. R. et al. In vitro biofumigation of Brassica tissues against potato stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The Plant Pathology Journal, v.28, n.2, p.185-190, 2012. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/PPJ-OA-11-2011-0206 >. Accessed: Mar. 15, 2020. doi: 10.5423/PPJ-OA-11-2011-0206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/PPJ-OA-11-2011... )
N/A	Sclerotium rolfsii, S. sclerotiorum	N/A	Mustard synthetic essential oil	In vitro, field	Delayed sclerotia germination.	DHINGRA et al. (2013DHINGRA, O. D. et al. Potential of soil fumigation with mustard essential oil to substitute biofumigation by cruciferous plant species. Tropical plant pathology, v.38, n.4, p.337-342, 2013. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-56762013005000014 >. Accessed: Mar. 27, 2020. doi: 10.1590/S1982-56762013005000014. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-5676201300... )
B. juncea	R. solani	Sugar beet	Planting and incorporation	Field	Consistent control of primary infection.	MOTISI et al. (2013MOTISI, N. et al. Epidemiological analysis of the effects of biofumigation for biological control of root rot in sugar beet. Plant Pathology, v.62, n.1, p.69-78, 2013. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02618.x >. Accessed: Apr. 24, 2020. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02618.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012... )
Various species	V. dahliae	N/A	Residue incorporation	In vitro, field	B. juncea significantly reduced the number of viable microsclerotia.	NEUBAUER et al. (2014NEUBAUER, C. et al. Biofumigation potential of Brassicaceae cultivars to Verticillium dahliae. European Journal of Plant Pathology , v.140, n.2, p.341-352, 2014. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0467-9 >. Accessed: Mar. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s10658-014-0467-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0467-... )
Various species	Various species	N/A	Dry powdered plants	In vitro	Released volatiles showed inhibitory effects.	PRASAD et al. (2016PRASAD, P. et al. Investigating disease controlling ability of Brassica volatiles and their compatibility with Trichoderma harzianum. The National Academy of Sciences, 2016. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-016-0829-5 >. Accessed: Apr. 16, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s40011-016-0829-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-016-0829-... )
Various species	S. sclerotiorum	N/A	Dry and ground residues	In vitro	Effect on mycelial growth and germination.	WARMINGTON & CLARKSON (2016WARMINGTON, R.; CLARKSON, J. P. Volatiles from biofumigant plants have a direct effect on carpogenic germination of sclerotia and mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant and Soil , v.401, n.1-2, p. 213-229, 2016. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2742-8 >. Accessed: Apr. 18, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s11104-015-2742-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2742-... )
B. carinata	V. dahliae	N/A	Pellets (DSM), liquid formulation	In vitro, field	67% efficiency using the liquid formulation.	WEI et al. (2016WEI, F. et al. Effects of individual and combined use of bio-fumigation-derived products on the viability of Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia in soil. Crop Protection, v.79, p.170-176, 2016. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.09.008 >. Accessed: Dec. 18, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2015.09.008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.09... )
B. juncea	Sclerotinia homoeocarpa	Grass	(DSM)	In vitro, field	Reduced mycelial growth and incidence.	PAN et al. (2017PAN, X. et al. Effect of oriental mustard (Brassica juncea) seed meal for control of dollar spot on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Turf. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, v.13, n.1, p.166-174, 2017. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.2134/itsrj2016.06.0455 >. Accessed: Apr. 17, 2020. doi: 10.2134/itsrj2016.06.0455. https://doi.org/10.2134/itsrj2016.06.045... )
B. nigra, B. oleracea	R. solani	Potato	Leaf extract	In vitro, field	B. nigra was the most effective at inhibiting growth.	RUBAYET et al. (2018RUBAYET, M. T. et al. Effect of biofumigation and soil solarization on stem canker and black scurf diseases of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) caused by Rhizoctonia solani isolate PR2. Advances in Agricultural Science, v.6, n.3, p.33-48, 2018. Available from: <Available from: https://aaasjournal.org/submission/index.php/aaas/article/view/80 >. Accessed: Apr. 19, 2020. https://aaasjournal.org/submission/index... )

Biofumigant	Target	Host	Strategy	Test type	Comments	Reference
B. oleracea	Fusarium oxysporum	N/A	Crushed residues	In vitro	Reduced the population of F. oxysporum.	IRIARTE et al. (2011IRIARTE, L. E. Efecto de la biofumigación con repollo sobre el control de Fusarium oxysporum en suelo. RIA. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, v.37, n.3, p.231-237, 2011. Available from: <Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/864/86421245007.pdf >. Accessed: Apr. 15, 2020. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/864/86421245... )
B. juncea, S. alba	F. graminearum	N/A	Crushed residues	In vitro	Suppressed the growth of F. graminearum.	PERNIOLA et al. (2012PERNIOLA, O. S et al. Biofumigación con Brassicáceas: actividad supresora sobre Fusarium graminearum. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, v.111, n.1, p.48-53, 2012. Available from: <Available from: http://revista.agro.unlp.edu.ar/index.php/revagro/article/view/71 >. Accessed: Apr. 16, 2020. http://revista.agro.unlp.edu.ar/index.ph... )
B. juncea	Fusarium sp.	Bitter melon, calabash	Macerated leaves	Bioassay	Reduced mycelial growth and incidence.	RELEVANTE & CUMAGUN (2013RELEVANTE, C. A.; CUMAGUN, C. J. R. Control of Fusarium wilt in bittergourd and bottlegourd by biofumigation using mustard var. Monteverde. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, v.46, n.6, p.747-753, 2013. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2012.751285 >. Accessed: Apr. 26, 2020. doi: 10.1080/03235408.2012.751285. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2012.75... )
B. juncea	F. graminearum	N/A	Crushed residues	In vitro	Biofumigation combined with Trichoderma spp. had a synergistic effect against the pathogen.	PERNIOLA et al. (2014PERNIOLA, O. S. et al. Control biológico de Fusarium graminearum: utilización de Trichoderma spp. y biofumigación con parte aérea de Brassica juncea. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, v.46, n.2, p.45-56, 2014. Available from: <Available from: https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/handle/11336/33015 >. Accessed: Apr. 16, 2020. https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/handle/11336/3... )
B. carinata	F. circinatum	Pine	Pellets (DSM)	Bioassay	Inoculum control and reduced seed mortality.	MORALES-RODRÍGUEZ et al. (2018)
B. juncea, Diplotaxis tenuifolia	F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum	Cucumber	Planting and incorporation	Greenhouse	Suppressed Fusarium wilt.	JIN et al. (2019JIN, X. et al. Rotations with Indian mustard and wild rocket suppressed cucumber Fusarium wilt disease and changed rhizosphere bacterial communities. Microorganisms, v.7, n.2, p.57, 2019. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7020057 >. Accessed: Mar. 19, 2020. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7020057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms... )
B. carinata	Fusarium spp.	Wheat	Planting and incorporation	Field	Reduced incidence and severity; increased yield.	CAMPANELLA et al. (2020CAMPANELLA, V. et al. Management of common root rot and Fusarium foot rot of wheat using Brassica carinata break crop green manure. Crop Protection, v.130, 2020. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.105073 >. Accessed: Apr. 15, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2019.105073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.10... )

Biofumigant	Target	Host	Strategy	Test type	Comments	Reference
Brassica juncea, Iberis amara	Pythium spp.	N/A	Dehydrated plants (pellets)	In vitro	After adding water, the dried plants showed fungitoxic activity against Pythium spp.	LAZZERI et al. (2004LAZZERI, L. et al. Biocidal plant dried pellets for biofumigation. Industrial Crops and Products, v.20, p.59-65, 2004. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.12.018 >. Accessed: Sep. 8, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.12.018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.1... )
Brassica carinata	Phytophthora cactorum	Strawberry	Residue incorporation	Field	Biofumigation, combined with solarization reduced the occurrence of the pathogen and increased yield.	BARRAU et al. (2009BARRAU, C. et al. Brassica carinata for control of Phytophthora spp. in strawberry field crops. Revista de Ciências Agrárias, v.32, n.2, p.135-138, 2009. Available from: <Available from: http://www.scielo.mec.pt/pdf/rca/v32n2/v32n2a13.pdf >. Accessed: Mar. 18, 2020. http://www.scielo.mec.pt/pdf/rca/v32n2/v... )
B. oleracea	Various species	Sweet pepper	Fresh residues + solarization	Field	Reduction of plants with symptoms and increased yield.	VILLALOBOS et al. (2013VILLALOBOS, J. A. M.; et al. Producción de chile (Capsicum annuum L.) a campo abierto con biofumigación del suelo. Durango: INIFAP, 2013. Available from: <Available from: http://biblioteca.inifap.gob.mx:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/4097 >. Accessed: Sep. 02, 2019. http://biblioteca.inifap.gob.mx:8080/jsp... )
B. napus	Phytophthora capsici	Pepper	Ground seeds	Field	Reduced incidence through changes in the structure of the soil microbial community.	WANG et al. (2014aWANG, Q. et al. Effect of biofumigation and chemical fumigation on soil microbial community structure and control of pepper Phytophthora blight. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, v.30, n.2, p.507-518, 2014a. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-013-1462-6 >. Accessed: Apr. 22, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s11274-013-1462-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-013-1462-... )
B. napus	P. capsici	Pepper	Ground seeds	Bioassay	Reduced disease and increased bacterial diversity in the soil.	WANG et al. (2014bWANG, Q. et al. Integration of biofumigation with antagonistic microorganism can control Phytophthora blight of pepper plants by regulating soil bacterial community structure. European Journal of Soil Biology, v.61, p.58-67, 2014b. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.12.004 >. Accessed: Apr. 22, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.12.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.12... )
B. carinata	P. cinnamomi	Quercus cerris	Pellets (DSM)	In vitro, bioassay	Inhibited mycelial growth and germination of chlamydospores and zoospores, and reduced inoculum potential.	MORALES-RODRÍGUEZ et al. (2016)MORALES-RODRÍGUEZ, C. et al. Efficacy of biofumigation with Brassica carinata commercial pellets (BioFence) to control vegetative and reproductive structures of Phytophthora cinnamomi. Plant Disease, v.100, n.2, p.324-330, 2016. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-15-0245-RE >. Accessed: Mar. 16, 2020. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-03-15-0245-RE. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-15-0245-...
B. carinata, B. juncea, B. napus	P. cinnamomi	Yellow lupin	Ground seeds	In vitro, bioassay	B. carinata and B. juncea reduced mycelial growth and decreased P. cinnamomi viability in the soil.	RÍOS et al. (2017RÍOS, P. et al. Brassica-based seedmeal biofumigation to control Phytophthora cinnamomi in the Spanish “dehesa” oak trees. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, v.56, n.3, p.392-399, 2017. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-20771 >. Accessed: Apr. 22, 2020. doi: 10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-20771. https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Med... )
B. carinata	P. nicotianae	N/A	Pellets (DSM)	In vitro	Reduced chlamydospore germination.	SERRANO-PÉREZ et al. (2017)

Biofumigant	Target	Host	Strategy	Test type	Comments	Reference
Raphanus sativus, B. juncea, Sinapis alba	Various species	Onion, celery	Planting and incorporation	Field	Reduced parasitic nematodes in celery.	WANG et al. (2006WANG, K. H et al. Effects of cover cropping, solarization, and soil fumigation on nematode communities. Plant and Soil , v.286, n.1-2, p.229-243, 2006. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9040-4 >. Accessed: Mar. 21, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s11104-006-9040-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9040-... )
B. carinata	M. chitwoodi	Potato	Pellets (DSM)	Field	Reduced nematode damage in the root and increased yield.	HENDERSON et al. (2009HENDERSON, D. R. et al. Mustard biofumigation disrupts biological control by Steinernema spp. nematodes in the soil. Biological control, v.48, n.3, p.316-322, 2009. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.12.004 >. Accessed: Apr. 15, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.12.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.200... )
Various species	Globodera pallida	N/A	Leaf extract	In vitro	Presented toxicity to nematodes and inhibited the activity of juveniles.	LORD et al. (2011LORD, J. S., et al. Biofumigation for control of pale potato cyst nematodes: activity of brassica leaf extracts and green manures on Globodera pallida in vitro and in soil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v.59, p.7882-7890, 2011. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf200925k > Accessed: Jun. 12, 2019. doi: 10.1021/jf200925k. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf200925k... )
B. juncea	M. incognita	Tomato	Various	In vitro, greenhouse	Reduced number of galls, egg mass, and eggs in tomato plants by over 90%.	OLIVEIRA et al. (2011OLIVEIRA, R. D. L. et al. Glucosinolate content and nematicidal activity of Brazilian wild mustard tissues against Meloidogyne incognita in tomato. Plant and Soil , v. 341, n. 1-2, p. 155-164, 2011. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0631-8 >. Accessed: Apr. 20, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s11104-010-0631-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0631-... )
B. carinata	M. incognita	Tomato	Liquid formulation	Bioassay	Statistically significant dose-effect correlations related to isothiocyanate release.	NICOLA et al. (2013NICOLA, G.R. et al. A new biobased liquid formulation with biofumigant and fertilizing properties for drip irrigation distribution. Industrial Crops and Products, v.42, p.113-118, 2013. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.05.018 >. Accessed: Jul. 15, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.05.018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.0... )
B. juncea	M. incognita	N/A	Leaf macerates	In vitro	Macerate and volatile organic compounds released have nematicidal effect.	BARROS et al. (2014BARROS, A. F. et al. Exposure time of second stage juveniles to volatiles emitted by neem and mustard macerates and biofumigation against Meloidogyne incognita. Nematropica, v.44, n.2, p.190-199, 2014. Available from: <Available from: https://journals.flvc.org/nematropica/article/view/84284 >. Accessed: Mar. 15, 2019. https://journals.flvc.org/nematropica/ar... )
B. juncea, R. sativus, Eruca sativa	G. pallida	Potato	Planting and incorporation	Field	B. juncea and R. sativus showed to be promising for integrated nematode management systems in potatoes.	NGALA et al. (2015NGALA, B. M. et al. Biofumigation with Brassica juncea, Raphanus sativus and Eruca sativa for the management of field populations of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida. Pest Management Science, v.71, n.5, p.759-769, 2015. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1002/ps.3849 >. Accessed: Mar. 15, 2020. doi: 10.1002/ps.3849. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/ps.3849... )
Various species	M. incognita	Tomato	DSM	Greenhouse	Better results with Eruca sativa, Barbarea verna, and Brassica nigra.	CURTO et al. (2016CURTO, G. et al. Biofumigant effect of new defatted seed meals against the southern root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Annals of applied biology, v.169, n.1, 17-26, 2016. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12275 >. Accessed: Apr. 19, 2020. doi: 10.1111/aab.12275. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12275... )
R. sativus, B. juncea, S. alba	M. incognita	Sweet pepper	Planting, incorporation + solarization	Greenhouse	Biosolarization with brassicas reduced the population of juveniles in the soil.	ROS et al. (2016ROS, C. et al. El cultivo de brásicas para biosolarización reduce las poblaciones de Meloidogyne incognita en los invernaderos de pimiento del Sudeste de España. Revista de la Asociación Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario (AIDA), v.112, n.2, p.109-126, 2016. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.12706/itea.2016.008 >. Accessed: Mar. 18, 2020. doi: 10.12706/itea.2016.008. http://dx.doi.org/10.12706/itea.2016.008... )
R. sativus, E. sativa	M. arenaria	Tomato	Planting and incorporation	Greenhouse	Galls and egg masses decreased significantly.	AYDINLI & MENNAN (2018)
E. sativa, R. sativus, B. juncea	M. incognita, M. javanica	Tomato, potato	Planting and incorporation	Greenhouse	Reduced inoculum density and increased yield.	DANEEL et al. (2018DANEEL, M. et al. The host status of Brassicaceae to Meloidogyne and their effects as cover and biofumigant crops on root-knot nematode populations associated with potato and tomato under South African field conditions. Crop protection, v.110, p.198-206, 2018. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.09.001 >. Accessed: May, 02, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2017.09.001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.09... )
Crambe abyssinica	M. incognita	Tomato	Leaf extract	Greenhouse	Crambe extract weekly incorporated into the soil was promising for M. incognita management in tomato.	RONCATO et al. (2018RONCATO, S. C. et al. Control of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato by crambe extract using different application forms. Summa Phytopathologica, v.44, n.3, p.261-266, 2018. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/179533 >. Accessed: May, 7, 2020. doi: 10.1590/0100-5405/179533>. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/179533... )

Biofumigant	Target	Host	Strategy	Test type	Comments	Reference
	Bacteria
B. oleracea	S. scabies	Potato	Incorporation of dry and ground residues	Field	Disease suppression by 90%.	GOUWS & WEHNER (2004GOUWS, R.; WEHNER, F.C. Biofumigation as alternative control measure for common scab on seed potatoes in South Africa. Agroindustria, v.3, p.309-312, 2004.)
B. juncea, R. sativus, B. oleracea	R. solanacearum	Potato	Residue incorporation	Field	Significant suppression of wilt by up to 50%.	KIRKEGAARD (2009KIRKEGAARD, J. Biofumigation for plant disease control - from the fundamentals to the farming system. In: WALTERS, D. Disease Control in Crops: Biological and Environmentally Friendly Approaches. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell , 2009. Cap. 9, p. 172-195.)
B. oleracea	R. solanacearum	Ginger	Residue incorporation	Field	Lowered incidence of wilt and higher crop yield.	BANDYOPADHYAY & KHALKO (2016BANDYOPADHYAY, S.; KHALKO, S. Biofumigation - An eco-friendly approach for managing bacterial wilt and soft rot disease of ginger. Indian Phytopathology, v.69, n.1, p.53-56, 2016. Available from: <Available from: https://bit.ly/2RV1gpUbiofumigation >. Accessed: Apr. 17, 2020. https://bit.ly/2RV1gpUbiofumigation... )
B. juncea	R. solanacearum	Tomato	Mustard essential oil	In vitro	Cell mortality and inhibition of colony	PONTES et al. (2019PONTES, N. C. et al. Soil fumigation with mustard essential oil to control bacterial wilt in tomato. European Journal of Plant Pathology , v.155, p.435-444. 2019. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01777-0 >. Accessed: Apr. 20, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s10658-019-01777-0. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01777... )
	Protozoa
B. rapa, B. napus	P. brassicae	Chinese cabbage	Planting and incorporation	Greenhouse, field	Reduced severity in roots with density greater than 8 plants m^-2.	CHEAH et al. (2001CHEAH, L. H. et al. Brassica crops and a Streptomyces sp. as potential biocontrol for clubroot of brassicas. New Zealand Plant Protection, v.54, p.80-83, 2001. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2001.54.3779 >. Accessed: Dec. 12, 2019. doi: 10.30843/nzpp.2001.54.3779. https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2001.54.37... )
B. rapa, B. napus	P. brassicae	Various	Planting and incorporation	Field	B. rapa reduced severity and increased mass in cauliflower plants.	CHEAH et al. (2006CHEAH, L. H. et al. Clubroot control using Brassica break crops. Acta Hort, v.706, p.329-332, 2006. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.706.39 >. Accessed: Nov. 27, 2020. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.706.39. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2006... )

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Biofumigação com espécies da família Brassicaceae: uma revisão

RESUMO: