Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time reference intervals in dogs, by gender and age group using the Start<sup>®</sup>4 (Stago)

Barbosa, Marta; Pires, Maria João; Queiroga, Felisbina; Pires, Carlos André; Dinis, Tânia; Silvestre-Ferreira, Ana C.

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20210543

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CLINIC AND SURGERY • Cienc. Rural 52 (10) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210543 linkcopy

Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time reference intervals in dogs, by gender and age group using the Start^®4 (Stago)

Intervalos de referência para o tempo de protrombina e tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada no cão de acordo com a idade e o gênero utilizando o Start ^® 4 (Stago)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Prothrombin time (PT) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) are useful tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of coagulation disorders in Veterinary Medicine. Our objectives were: to establish reference intervals (RI) for PT and a PTT for the dog using the Start®4 (Stago), to compare the obtained RI with literature; to evaluate the effects of gender and age on the coagulation profile. Plasma samples of 122 healthy dogs (57 males; 65 females) aged between 4 months and 18 years, divided into three age groups (0-2 years old; 3-10 years old; > 10 years old) and grouped in to males and females were analysed. The RI were estimated following the ASVCP guidelines with the Reference Value Advisor software. The RI were: PT 6.7’’ to 10.8’’; aPTT 9.0’’ to 14.8’’. PT was significantly higher in females than in males. Dogs aged 10 years or older have significantly higher mean aPTT times than younger dogs. RI comparison showed a considerable percentage of cases outside the reference RI of the literature (PT - 79.3%; aPTT - 77.1%), demonstrating the need of each laboratory to calculate its own RI. The RI established in this study are applicable for the coagulation profile assessment in dogs.

Key words:
PT; aPTT; reference intervals; dog; coagulation profile; Start^®4.

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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[TFN1] NOTE: an outlier in the total PT and an outlier in the aPTT in the subsample from 0 to 2 years were excluded.

Variables		N	%
Gender	Male	56	46.3
(N = 121)	Female	65	53.7
Age	0-2 years	29	27.1
(N = 107)	3-10 years	55	51.4
	10+ years	23	21.5
Minimum - maximum	0.33 - 18 years
Mean (SD)	6.4 (4.5) years
Breed	Mixed breed	86	70.5
(N = 122)	Labrador	6	4.9
	Boxer	5	4.1
	Yorkshire terrier	4	3.3
	German Shepherd	4	3.3
	Pinscher	3	2.5
	Beagle	2	1.6
	French Bulldog	2	1.6
	Serra da Estrela dog	2	1.6
	Shih-tzu	1	0.8
	Chihuahua	1	0.8
	Cocker	1	0.8
	Shar-pei	1	0.8
	Pug	1	0.8
	Zwergspitz	1	0.8
	Podengo	1	0.8
	Bouvier bernois	1	0.8

	Minimum - maximum	Median	Mean	Standard Deviation	Reference Interval (RI)	-Confidence Intervals (90%)-
						Lower limit	Upper limit
---------------------------------------------------------------------------PT (seconds)-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (n = 121)	6.5 -10.8	8.0	8.3	1.0	6.7 - 10.8	6.6 - 6.9	10.3 - 11.4
Male (n= 56)	6.6 -10.3	7.9	8.0	0.8	6.8 - 9.9	6.7 - 7.0	9.4 - 10.4
Female (n = 64)	6.5 -10.8	8.2	8.5	1.1	6.0 - 10.8	5.6 - 6.4	10.2 - 11.2
0-2 years (n = 29)	6.6 - 10.8	7.8	8.1	1.1	6.6 - 11.4	6.4 - 6.9	9.9 - 14.0
3-10 years (n = 55)	6.6 - 10.7	8.0	8.2	1.0	6.8 - 10.7	6.6 - 7.0	10.0 - 11.5
10+ years (n = 23)	6.5 - 10.1	8.2	8.3	1.0	6.3 - 10.4	5.7 - 6.9	9.8 - 11.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------aPTT (seconds)-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (n = 122)	7.6 - 16.6	11.7	11.9	1.5	9.0 - 14.8	8.6 - 9.4	14.2 - 15.3
Male (n = 56)	7.6 - 16.6	11.7	11.9	1.7	8.3 - 15.1	7.6 - 9.1	14.4 - 15.9
Female (n = 65)	8.1 - 16.0	11.7	11.9	1.3	9.2 - 14.3	8.6 - 9.7	13.7 - 14.9
0-2 years (n = 28)	9.9 - 15.0	11.6	11.7	1.0	9.6 - 13.9	9.0 - 10.1	13.3 - 14.4
3-10 years (n=55)	7.6 - 16.6	11.6	11.6	1.4	8.8 - 14.6	8.1 - 9.5	13.8 - 15.2
10+ years (n =23)	9.9 - 16.2	12.3	12.6	1.5	9.0 - 15.6	8.2 - 10.1	14.3 - 16.7

	PT M (SD)	aPTT M (SD)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Gender-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Male	8.0 (0.8)	11.9 (1.7)
Female	8.5 (1.1)	11.9 (1.3)
Student’s T-Test	P = 0.015	P = 0.939
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Age--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0-2 years	8.1 (1.1) ^a	11.7 (1.0) ^a
3-10 years	8.2 (1.0) ^a	11.6 (1.4) ^a
10+ years	8.3 (1.0) ^a	12.6 (1.5) ^b
ANOVA	P = 0.740	P = 0.012

	PT - literature^* (6.4'' to 7.4'')	APTT - literature^* (9'' to 11'')
Below the lower limit	n = 0 (0.0%)	n = 3 (2.5%)
Normal (inside the reference RI)	n = 25 (20.7%)	n = 28 (22.9%)
Above the upper limit	n= 96 (79.3%)	n= 91 (74.6%)
Outside the reference RI	n = 96 (79.3%)	n = 94 (77.1%)

Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time reference intervals in dogs, by gender and age group using the Start®4 (Stago)

Intervalos de referência para o tempo de protrombina e tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada no cão de acordo com a idade e o gênero utilizando o Start ® 4 (Stago)

ABSTRACT:

Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time reference intervals in dogs, by gender and age group using the Start^®4 (Stago)

Intervalos de referência para o tempo de protrombina e tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada no cão de acordo com a idade e o gênero utilizando o Start ^® 4 (Stago)