Dissatisfaction with body weight and nutritional status among adolescents: population-based study in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

Martini, Mariana Contiero San; Assumpção, Daniela de; Barros, Marilisa Berti de Azevedo; Barros Filho, Antônio de Azevedo

doi:10.1590/1413-81232020253.17992018

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FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 25 (3) • Mar 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020253.17992018 copy

Dissatisfaction with body weight and nutritional status among adolescents: population-based study in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate nutritional status and estimate the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction among adolescents 10 to 19 years. Population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two-stage in Campinas, Brazil. Nutritional status was classified based on percentiles of body mass index for age recommended by the World Health Organization. Weight dissatisfaction was determined by desire to gain or lose weight. Prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for nutritional status and weight (dis)satisfaction. The Rao-Scale chi-squared test was used for the determination of associations with sociodemographic variables. 822 adolescents were analyzed with mean age of 14.1 years. 64.7% of the boys and 75.4% of the girls were classified as normal weight, whereas 30.5% and 22.2% with excess weight, respectively. Among the boys dissatisfied with their weight, 34.5% were normal weight, 45.3% were classified as overweight and 77.1% with obesity. Whereas the girls dissatisfied with their weight, 52.0% were classified as normal weight, 63.6% as overweight and 75.2% with obesity. The prevalence of excess weight was high, especially among the boys and younger adolescents (10-14 years). Weight dissatisfaction was more prevalent among the girls and older adolescents (15-19 years).

Key words
Adolescent; Body weight; Nutritional status; Health surveys

Variables and categories	n^a a Number of individuals in unweighted sample.	Prevalence (95% CI)^b b 95% Confidence Interval.
Variables and categories	n^a a Number of individuals in unweighted sample.	Underweight	Normal weight	Overweight	Obesity
Sex	p = 0.002^c c p-value of Rao Scott.
Male	416	4.8 (3.0-7.7)	64.7 (59.7-69.4)	17.1 (13.5-21.5)	13.3 (10.2-17.2)
Female	406	2.4 (1.2-4.5)	75.4 (71.5-79.0)	15.3 (12.0-19.4)	6.9 (5.0-9.4)
Total	822	3.6 (2.4-5.5)	69.9 (67.1-72.7)	16.2 (13.8-19.1)	10.2 (8.2-12.5)
Age group (in years)	p < 0.001^c c p-value of Rao Scott.
10 to 14	427	3.9 (2.3-6.7)	61.6 (56.9-66.1)	20.1 (16.2-24.6)	14.4 (11.0-18.6)
15 to 19	395	3.3 (1.9-5.8)	79.0 (75.4-82.2)	12.1 (9.6-15.2)	5.5 (3.8-8.0)
Family income per capita	p = 0.635^c c p-value of Rao Scott.
< 1	499	3,2 (2,0-5,0)	70,6 (66,7-74,3)	14,9 (12,1-18,2)	11,2 (8,7-14,5)
≥ 1 a < 2	186	4,8 (2,2-10,1)	70,5 (62,3-77,6)	16,7 (11,6-23,4)	8,0 (4,4-14,2)
≥ 2	137	3,5 (1,1-10,6)	66,9 (58,2-74,5)	20,3 (15,3-26,5)	9,3 (5,0-16,5)
Schooling of head of family (in years)	p = 0.089^c c p-value of Rao Scott.
0 to 7	324	5.5 (3.2-9.2)	70.1 (66.2-73.7)	13.9 (10.5-18.1)	10.5 (7.9-13.9)
8 to 11	292	2.8 (1.5-5.2)	68.1 (61.9-73.6)	16.4 (11.8-22.3)	12.7 (9.2-17.4)
12 or +	199	2.1 (0.6-6.9)	72.3 (66.3-77.6)	19.2 (14.6-24.8)	6.4 (3.8-10.5)

Variables and categories	n^a a Number of individuals in unweighted sample.	Prevalence (95% CI)^b b 95% Confidence Interval.
		Satisfied	Wants to gain weight	Wants to lose weight
		Satisfied	Wants to gain weight	< 10%	≥ 10%
BMI (kg/m2)		p < 0.001^c c p-value of Rao Scott.
Underweight	30	54.0 (33.2-73.5)	42.7 (25.4-62.0)	0.0	3.2 (0.5-19.2)
Normal weight	573	56.2 (50.2-62.1)	17.6 (14.0-22.0)	18.0 (14.5-22.2)	8.1 (6.0-10.8)
Overweight	133	46.2 (36.0-56.7)	3.0 (1.1-7.8)	18.2 (12.0-26.7)	32.5 (23.4-43.2)
Obesity	84	23.5 (15.5-34.1)	0.0	5.9 (2.7-12.6)	70.5 (61.4-78.1)
Total	820	51.2 (45.5-56.8)	14.3 (11.4-17.9)	16.2 (13.2-19.7)	18.3 (15.7-21.2)
Total population
10 and 14 years
BMI (kg/m2)		p < 0.001^c c p-value of Rao Scott.
Underweight	17	59.6 (32.2-82.0)	34.6 (15.3-60.8)	0.0	5.8 (0.8-31.3)
Normal weight	262	63.9 (55.8-71.3)	12.9 (9.0-18.0)	13.4 (9.1-19.3)	9.8 (6.8-13.9)
Overweight	85	58.2 (44.6-70.7)	3.6 (1.1-10.8)	13.1 (6.9-23.6)	25.1 (15.5-37.9)
Obesity	62	30.3 (19.8-43.4)	0.0	4.9 (1.7-13.8)	64.7 (52.5-75.2)
15 to 19 years
BMI (kg/m2)		p < 0.001^c c p-value of Rao Scott.
Underweight	13	46.9 (19.0-77.0)	53.1 (23.0-81.0)	0.0	0.0
Normal weight	311	49.8 (43.0-56.5)	21.6 (17.0-27.1)	21.9 (17.2-27.5)	6.7 (4.2-10.6)
Overweight	48	24.7 (13.8-40.0)	2.0 (0.3-13.6)	27.3 (16.4-41.8)	45.9 (32.1-60.5)
Obesity	22	4.4 (0.6-27.7)	0.0	8.8 (2.3-28.1)	86.7 (66.6-95.5)
Boys
BMI (kg/m2)		p < 0.001^c c p-value of Rao Scott.
Underweight	20	56.0 (31.2-78.0)	39.2 (21.5-60.4)	0.0	4.8 (0.7-25.2)
Normal weight	268	65.5 (58.1-72.1)	19.8 (15.0-25.7)	9.9 (6.5-14.7)	4.8 (2.8-8.0)
Overweight	71	54.6 (41.0-67.6)	4.0 (1.3-11.5)	21.1 (12.3-33.9)	20.2 (11.6-32.7)
Obesity	56	22.9 (13.4-36.3)	0.0	3.5 (0.9-12.7)	73.6 (61.3-83.0)
Boys 10 to 14 years
BMI (kg/m2)		p < 0.001^c c p-value of Rao Scott.
Underweight	10	61.2 (28.2-86.3)	29.0 (11.9-55.4)	0.0	9.6 (1.4-43.1)
Normal weight	122	72.7 (62.9-80.8)	10.6 (6.2-17.5)	8.4 (4.0-16.6)	8.1 (4.5-14.3)
Overweight	48	64.0 (45.9-78.8)	3.9 (0.9-14.6)	12.8 (5.1-28.5)	19.1 (9.9-33.5)
Obesity	42	28.2 (15.6-45.5)	0.0	2.3 (0.3-14.8)	69.3 (53.1-81.9)
Boys 15 to 19 years
BMI (kg/m2)		p < 0.001^c c p-value of Rao Scott.
Underweight	10	50.7 (19.7-81.2)	49.2 (18.7-80.2)	0.0	0.0
Normal weight	146	59.3 (50.6-67.5)	27.4 (20.9-35.1)	11.1 (6.4-18.5)	1.9 (0.6-5.8)
Overweight	23	34.5 (16.3-58.7)	4.2 (0.5-26.5)	38.7 (21.0-60.0)	22.4 (9.2-45.3)
Obesity	14	6.9 (0.8-38.3)	0.0	6.9 (0.8-38.2)	86.1 (56.4-96.7)
Girls
BMI (kg/m2)		p < 0.001^c c p-value of Rao Scott.
Underweight	10	50.0 (19.7-80.3)	50.0 (19.7-80.3)	0.0	0.0
Normal weight	305	48.0 (40.4-55.6)	15.6 (11.7-20.5)	25.3 (19.8-31.7)	11.1 (7.5-16.0)
Overweight	62	36.4 (24.5-50.2)	1.8 (0.2-12.4)	14.8 (7.3-27.5)	47.0 (32.2-62.4)
Obesity	28	24.9 (12.6-43.1)	0.0	11.0 (3.5-29.1)	64.2 (47.1-78.3)
Girls 10 to 14 years
BMI (kg/m2)		p < 0.001^c c p-value of Rao Scott.
Underweight	7	57.1 (22.0-86.3)	42.8 (13.7-77.9)	0.0	0.0
Normal weight	140	56.0 (45.1-66.4)	14.8 (9.2-22.9)	17.8 (11.3-26.8)	11.2 (6.6-18.4)
Overweight	37	50.4 (34.9-65.9)	3.0 (0.4-19.1)	13.4 (5.1-30.9)	33.0 (17.3-53.5)
Obesity	20	34.7 (18.7-55.0)	0.0	10.4 (2.4-35.5)	54.8 (34.9-73.3)
Girls 15 to 19 years
BMI (kg/m2)		p < 0.001^c c p-value of Rao Scott.
Underweight	3	33.4 (3.9-85.8)	66.6 (14.1-96.0)	0.0	0.0
Normal weight	165	41.0 (31.8-50.8)	16.2 (11.6-22.3)	31.7 (24.6-39.6)	10.9 (6.5-17.8)
Overweight	25	15.5 (6.0-34.3)	0.0	16.7 (6.2-37.7)	67.7 (48.4-82.4)
Obesity	8	0.0	0.0	12.2 (2.0-48.0)	87.7 (51.9-97.9)

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[1] Collaborations

All authors participated in the conception of the study, read and approved the content of this manuscript. MCS Martini performed the analysis and interpretation of the data, performed the literature review and wrote the manuscript. D de Assumpção accompanied the data collection and performed the analyses, interpretation of the results and writing of the manuscript. MBA Barros contributed to the conception of the analysis and performed a critical review of the manuscript. AA Barros Filho oriented the proposal of the article and approved the final version for publication.