Ideal time for home visits to newborns: an integrative review

Soares, Anniely Rodrigues; Guedes, Anna Tereza Alves; Cruz, Tarciane Marinho Albuquerque de Vasconcelos; Dias, Tayanne Kiev Carvalho; Collet, Neusa; Reichert, Altamira Pereira da Silva

doi:10.1590/1413-81232020258.25492018

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REVIEW • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 25 (8) • Aug 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020258.25492018 copy

Ideal time for home visits to newborns: an integrative review

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze in the scientific production in online journals regarding the ideal time to conduct home visits (HVs) to newborns (NBs) in their first week of life, and the difficulties in doing so due to the lack of a consensus around the subject. This is an integrative review based on data available on the MEDLINE, BVS, Web of Science and PubMed databases. Eight studies published between 2010 and 2015 were identified. The thematic analysis evidenced two topics, namely, the ideal time for the first home visit to the newborn, and difficulties in implementing the home visit to the newborn in the first week of life. The results suggest that the first visits should take place in the first week of life, especially within the second day after birth. However, some impediments to the realization of the home visit are found, such as geographical barrier, poor quality of care delivered by professionals, low number of notifications of mother-baby binomial hospital discharge, and mothers’ lack of knowledge about the relevance of postnatal care. All this can impair the performance of health professionals, and requires investing in their professional qualification and service infrastructure.

Key words
Newborn; Home Visit; Primary Health Care

Title	Authors/Year	Journal/Language	Period of study/Country	Suggested frequency of HV to NB	Objective
Coverage, quality of and barriers to postnatal care in rural Hebei, China: a mixed method study	Chen et al., 2014²⁶26 Chen L, Qiong W, Velthoven MHV, Yanfeng Z, Shuyi Z, Ye L, Wei W, Xiaozhen D, Ting Z. Coverage, quality of and barriers to postnatal care in rural Hebei, China: a mixed method study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014; 14(31):1-12.	BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth/ English	Jul-2011/China	At least 3 HVs in postnatal care	To explore coverage, quality of care, reasons for not receiving postnatal care and obstacles to care delivery
Effect of home-based counselling on newborn care practices in southern Tanzania one year after implementation: a cluster-randomised controlled trial	Penfold et al., 2014²⁰20 Penfold S, Manzi F, Mkumbo E, Temu S, Jaribu J, Shamba D, Mshinda H, Cousens S, Marchant T, Tanner M, Schellenberg D, Schellenberg JA. Effect of home-based counselling on newborn care practices in southern Tanzania one year after implementation: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14(187):1-12.	BMC Pediatrics/English	2009-2011/Tanzania	2 HVs in early neonatal care	To report the effect of the intervention on neonatal care practices in a community one year after full implementation
Effect of the Uganda Newborn Study on care-seeking and care practices: a cluster-randomised controlled trial	Waiswa et al.,2015¹⁸18 Waiswa P, Pariyo G, Kallander K, Akuze J, Namazzi G, Ekirapa-kiracho E, Kerber K, Sengendo H, Aliganyira P, Lawn JE, Pertenson S. Effect of the Uganda Newborn Study on care-seeking and care practices: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Rev Glob Health Action. Ghana 2015; 8:1-11.	Global Health Action/English	Sep-2011 to Nov-2011/Uganda	3 HVs in the first week of life. Additional HVs, if necessary	To evaluate the effect of the home visit strategy coupled with the strengthening of health facilities in capturing and seeking newborn care, practices and services, and linking the results to Uganda's national policy
Effective Linkages of Continuum of Care for Improving Neonatal, Perinatal, and Maternal Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis	Kikuchi et al.,2015¹⁰10 Kikuchi K, Ansah EK, Okawa S, Enuameh Y, Yasuoka J, Nanishi K, Shibanuma A, Gyapong M, Owusu-agyei S, Oduro AR, Asare GQ, Hodgson A, Jimba M. Effective Linkages of Continuum of Care for Improving Neonatal, Perinatal, and Maternal Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Rev Plos One 2015; 10(9):1-27.	PLoS ONE/English	Oct-2013 to Jan-2015/Ghana	1 HV until the second day of life of the NB	To evaluate the effectiveness of different articulations for the continuity of care, reducing perinatal, neonatal and maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries
Effectiveness of a Home-Based Counselling Strategy on Neonatal Care and Survival: A Cluster-Randomised Trial in Six Districts of Rural Southern Tanzania	Hanson et al., 2015²¹21 Hanson C, Manzi F, Mkumbo E, Shirima K, Penfold S, Hill Z, Shamba D, Jaribu J, Hamisi Y, Soremekun S, Cousens S, Marchant T, Mshinda H, Schellenberg D, Tanner M, Schellenberg JA. Effectiveness of a Home-Based Counselling Strategy on Neonatal Care and Survival: A Cluster-Randomised Trial in Six Districts of Rural Southern Tanzania. Plos Med 2015; 12(9):1-22.	PLoS Medicine/English	Jul-2010 to Jun-2013/Tanzania	2 HVs in the first days of life of the NB	To report a randomized cluster study of a household counseling strategy, designed for large-scale implementation in a population of 1.2 million people in rural Tanzania.
Newborn care practices at home and in health facilities in 4 regions of Ethiopia	Callanghan-koru et al.,2013²⁵25 Callanghan-koru JA, Seifu A, Tholandi M, Graft-johnson J, Daniel E, Rawlins B, Worku B, Baqui AH. Newborn care practices at home and in health facilities in 4 regions of Ethiopia. BMC Pediatrics 2013; 13(198):1-11.	BMC Pediatrics/ English	Jan-2012/Ethiopia	Recommends an increasing number of HVs for the promotion of the recommended care to the newborn in Ethiopia	To describe the newborn care practices reported by recent delivery women (RDWs) in four regions of Ethiopia
Newborn Well-Child Visits in the Home Setting: A Pilot Study in a Family Medicine Residency	Lakin et al.,2015²⁷27 Lakin A, Sutter MB, Magee S. Newborn well-child visits in the home setting: A pilot study in a Family Medicine Residency. Rev Family Med 2015; 47(3):217-221.	Family Medicine/English	Jun-2012 to May-2013/USA	HVs performed by resident physicians in the first week and the first month of life of the newborn.	To establish a home visit program for newborns assisted by family medicine residents.
Reaching Mothers and Babies with Early Postnatal Home Visits: The Implementation Realities of Achieving High Coverage in Large-Scale Programs	Sitrin et al.,2013¹⁹19 Sitrin D, Guenther T, Murray J, Pilgrim N, Rubayet S, Ligowe R, Pun B, Malla H, Moran A. Reaching Mothers and Babies with Early Postnatal Home Visits: The Implementation Realities of Achieving High Coverage in Large-Scale Programs. Plos One 2013; 8(7):1-9.	PLoS ONE/English	Apr-2009 to Jun-2011/Bangladesh, Nepal, Malawi	3 HVs in the first week of life of the newborn, and the first visit is performed within the 3rd day.	To evaluate the coverage and content of home visits in pilot areas and the factors associated with receiving visits.

TA2 - Difficulties to effect home visit to the newborn in the first week of life
Identification code	Titles
AT2a	Newborn care practices at home and in health facilities in 4 regions of Ethiopia
AT2b	Effect of home-based counselling on newborn care practices in southern Tanzania one year after implementation: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
AT2c	Newborn Well-Child Visits in the Home Setting: A Pilot Study in a Family Medicine Residency
AT2d	Effectiveness of a Home-Based Counselling Strategy on Neonatal Care and Survival: A Cluster-Randomised Trial in Six Districts of Rural Southern Tanzania
AT2e	Effect of the Uganda Newborn Study on care-seeking and care practices: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
AT2f	Coverage, quality of and barriers to postnatal care in rural Hebei, China: a mixed method study
AT2g	Reaching Mothers and Babies with Early Postnatal Home Visits: The Implementation Realities of Achieving High Coverage in Large-Scale Programs

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[1] Collaborations

AR Soares: study design, data collection, data analysis and interpretation and article writing. ATA Guedes and TKC Dias: analysis and interpretation of data and writing of the article. TMAV Cruz: data collection, data analysis and interpretation, article writing and critical review. N Collet and APS Reichert: study design, critical review and approval of the version to be published.