Does the type of sedentary behaviors influence blood pressurein adolescents boys and girls? A cross-sectional study

Oliveira, Luciano Machado Ferreira Tenório de; Ritti-Dias, Raphael Mendes; Farah, Breno Quintella; Christofaro, Diego Giulliano Destro; Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gomes de; Diniz, Paula Rejane Beserra; Guimarães, Fernando José de Sá Pereira

doi:10.1590/1413-81232018238.23612016

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ARTICLES • Ciênc. saúde colet. 23 (8) • Aug 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018238.23612016 copy

Does the type of sedentary behaviors influence blood pressurein adolescents boys and girls? A cross-sectional study

Será que o tipo de comportamento sedentário influencia a pressão arterial em meninos e meninas adolescentes? Um estudo transversal

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between different sedentary behaviors and high blood pressure in adolescent boys and girls. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 6,264 Brazilian adolescents (14 to 19 years old). Demographic data, obesity indicators and blood pressure, were evaluated. Time spent in the sedentary behaviors (television viewing, playing video games, using the computer, non-screen sitting and, total time sitting) were also assessed. The girls spent more time watching television than boys, whereas boys spent more time using computers and video games (12.7% vs. 7.4%, p < 0.001) than girls. Boys who watched more than four hours of television presented higher odds to give high blood pressure after adjustments for physical activity level, body mass index, age and educational level of mother (OR = 2.27, p < 0.001). In girls, we did not find a relation between sedentary behaviors and high blood pressure (p > 0.05). Television viewing time is associated with high blood pressure only boys. So, reduce this sedentary behavior, stimulating physical activities, might be essential to health, principally for male adolescents.

Sitting time; Screen time; Health behavior; Adolescent; Blood pressure

Variable	Boys (n=2524)			Girls (n=3737)		Total (n=6264)		p-value

	n%			n	%	n	%
Age group (years old)								<0.001*
14 to 15	460		34.1	890	65.9	1350	21.6
16 to 17	1353		40.5	1991	59.5	3344	53.4
18 to 19	711		45.4	856	54.6	1567	25.0
Employment status								<0.001
Yes	804		57.9	584	42.1	1388	22.2
No	1713		35.3	3143	64.7	4856	77.8
Television at home								0.189
Yes	2494		40.4	3678	59.6	6175	98.7
No	28		33.3	56	66.7	84	1.3
Compute at home								<0.001
Yes	1177		45.8	1394	54.2	2571	41.1
No	1343		36.5	2340	63.5	3686	58.9
Computer with internet at home								<0.001
Yes	984		46.0	1157	54.0	2141	34.3
No	1531		37.3	2573	62.7	4107	67.7
Ethnicity								0.411
White	667	41.2		953	59.8	1620	26.0
Nonwhite	1848	39.0		2771	59.0	4619	74.0
Place of residence								0.938
Urban	1878	39.4		2766	58.6	4644	74.5
Rural	640	39.3		947	58.7	1587	25.5
Maternal education								<0.001
≤ 8 years of study	1324	38.0		2164	62.0	3488	64.7
> 8 years of study	864	44.4		1039	53.6	1903	35.3

Variables	Boys (n = 2524)		Girls (n = 3737)		Total (n = 6264)		p-value
Variables	n	%	n	%	n	%	p-value
High blood pressure							< 0.001
Yes	251	10.4	191	5.2	442	7.3
No	2169	89.6	3464	94.8	5633	92.7
Physical activity level							< 0.001
Active	1103	43.9	1088	29.2	2191	35.1
Insufficient activity	1411	56.1	2634	70.8	4045	64.9
Status weight							0.918*
Eutrophic	2034	84.1	3038	83.1	5072	83.5
Overweight	264	10.9	478	13.1	742	12.2
Obesity	121	5.0	141	3.9	262	4.3
Television viewing							0.024*
< 2 hours	1231	48.9	1727	46.4	2958	47.4
2 to 4 hours	977	38.8	1482	39.8	2459	39.4
> 4 hours	310	12.3	516	13.9	826	13.2
Playing video games and/or using the computer							< 0.001*
< 2 hours	1482	58.9	2769	74.4	4251	68.1
2 to 4 hours	714	28.4	679	18.2	1393	22.3
> 4 hours	320	12.7	276	7.4	596	9.6
Non-screen activities							0.016*
< 2 hours	1162	46.7	1627	44.0	2789	45.1
2 to 4 hours	988	39.7	1506	40.7	2494	40.3
> 4 hours	339	13.6	568	15.3	907	14.7
Total time sitting							0.002*
< 2 hours	218	8.8	395	10.7	613	9.9
2 to 4 hours	509	20.5	815	22.1	1324	21.5
> 4 hours	1750	70.6	2474	67.2	4224	68.6

	Television viewing				Playing video games and/or using the computer				Non-screen activities				Total time sitting

	< 2h	2 to 4h	> 4h	p	< 2h	2 to 4h	> 4h	p	< 2h	2 to 4h	> 4h	p	< 2h	2 to 4h	> 4h	p
Age group
14 to 15 years	37.8	46.9	16.3	<0.001*	57.4	28.3	14.3	<0.001*	45.3	39.6	15.1	0.103*	5.5	16.6	77.9	<0.001*
16 to 17 years	50.4	38.7	10.9		55.8	29.8	14.4		45.0	40.9	14.1		8.0	20.4	71.6
18 to 19 years	53.2	34.4	12.4		63.8	27.7	8.5		50.8	37.5	11.7		12.5	23.4	64.1
Employment status
Yes	56.5	35.2	8.3	<0.001§	71.6	20.4	8.0	<0.001§	53.1	36.1	10.8	<0.001§	14.5	26.7	58.8	<0.001§
No	45.3	40.5	14.2	<0.001§	52.8	32.2	15.0	<0.001§	43.5	41.5	15.0	<0.001§	6.0	17.6	76.4	<0.001§
Television at home
Yes	48.6	39.0	12.4	0.080§	58.6	28.6	12.8	0.054§	46.5	39.8	13.7	0.149§	8.5	20.4	71.1	<0.001§
No	70.4	22.2	7.4	0.080§	81.5	11.1	7.4	0.054§	64.0	33.3	3.7	0.149§	29.6	33.3	37.1	<0.001§
Compute at home
Yes	49.1	38.6	12.3	0.961§	35.9	41.9	22.2	<0.001§	37.0	45.6	17.4	<0.001§	3.6	12.1	84.3	<0.001§
No	48.6	39.0	12.4	0.961§	78.9	16.6	4.5	<0.001§	55.1	34.6	10.3	<0.001§	13.1	28.0	58.9	<0.001§
Computer with internet at home
Yes	49.8	38.1	12.1	0.712§	31.3	43.8	24.9	<0.001§	34.8	46.7	18.5	<0.001§	3.0	10.9	86.1	<0.001§
No	48.2	39.3	12.5	0.712§	76.5	18.5	5.0	<0.001§	54.2	35.3	10.5	<0.001§	12.4	26.9	60.7	<0.001§
Ethnicity
White	46.2	41.3	12.5	0.286§	56.2	30.1	13.7	0.244§	45.3	41.2	13.5	0.675§	7.7	17.9	74.4	0.052§
Nonwhite	49.6	38.0	12.4	0.286§	59.9	27.7	12.4	0.244§	47.0	39.3	13.7	0.675§	9.1	21.5	69.4	0.052§
Place of residence
Urban	48.1	39.2	12.7	0.304§	52.5	32.1	15.4	<0.001§	43.2	41.6	15.2	<0.001§	6.9	17.5	75.6	<0.001§
Rural	51.3	37.6	11.1	0.304§	77.6	17.4	5.0	<0.001§	56.9	34.0	9.1	<0.001§	14.2	29.7	56.1	<0.001§
Maternal education
≤ 8 years of study	49.5	38.3	12.2	0.980§	46.8	36.1	17.1	<0.001§	39.1	42.8	18.1	<0.001§	5.1	15.8	79.1	<0.001§
> 8 years of study	49.1	38.8	12.1	0.980§	66.7	23.4	9.9	<0.001§	51.1	37.6	11.3	<0.001§	10.7	23.5	65.8	<0.001§

	Television viewing				Playing video games and/or using the computer				Non-screen activities				Total time sitting

	< 2h	2 to 4h	> 4h	p	< 2h	2 to 4h	> 4h	p	< 2h	2 to 4h	> 4h	p	< 2h	2 to 4h	> 4h	p
Age group
14 to 15 years	40.5	42.7	16.8	< 0.001*	67.5	21.0	11.5	< 0.001*	35.8	45.7	18.5	< 0.001*	7.2	17.2	75.6	< 0.001*
16 to 17 years	46.7	39.8	13.5		74.1	18.9	7.0		43.5	40.1	16.4		9.9	22.3	67.8
18 to 19 years	51.7	36.7	11.6		82.3	13.7	13.0		53.6	36.9	9.5		16.5	26.8	56.7
Employment status
Yes	60.7	30.7	8.6	< 0.001§	80.9	15.7	3.4	< 0.001§	51.5	36.6	11.9	< 0.001§	15.1	28.5	56.4	< 0.001§
No	43.7	41.5	14.8	< 0.001§	73.1	18.8	8.1	< 0.001§	42.6	41.4	16.0	< 0.001§	9.9	20.9	69.2	< 0.001§
Television at home
Yes	45.8	40.2	14.0	< 0.001§	74.3	18.3	7.4	0.402§	43.7	40.9	15.4	0.022§	10.3	22.0	67.7	< 0.001§
No	82.1	14.3	3.6	< 0.001§	82.1	12.5	54	0.402§	62.3	30.2	7.5	0.022§	39.6	26.4	34.0	< 0.001§
Compute at home
Yes	47.2	40.3	12.5	0.185§	43.5	38.6	17.9	< 0.001§	33.2	45.3	21.5	< 0.001§	3.4	12.4	84.2	< 0.001§
No	45.9	39.5	14.6	0.185§	92.7	6.1	1.2	< 0.001§	50.3	38.0	11.7	< 0.001§	15.1	27.9	57.0	< 0.001§
Computer with internet at home
Yes	47.5	40.1	12.4	0.207§	36.3	42.9	20.8	< 0.001§	31.0	46.5	22.5	< 0.001§	2.3	10.9	86.8	< 0.001§
No	45.8	39.6	14.6	0.207§	91.4	7.2	1.4	< 0.001§	49.8	38.1	12.1	< 0.001§	14.5	27.2	58.3
Ethnicity
White	44.7	40.1	15.2	0.297§	73.6	18.4	8.0	0.738§	44.5	40.9	14.6	0.766§	10.3	21.1	68.6	0.584§
Nonwhite	46.9	39.7	13.4	0.297§	74.6	18.2	7.2	0.738§	43.8	40.7	15.5	0.766§	10.9	22.4	66.7	0.584§
Place of residence
Urban	46.2	38.9	14.9	0.017§	68.0	22.6	95.4	< 0.001§	40.9	42.0	17.1	< 0.001§	9.5	18.7	71.8	< 0.001§
Rural	46.2	42.5	11.3	0.017§	92.7	5.8	1.5	< 0.001§	52.3	37.2	10.5	< 0.001§	14.2	31.5	54.3	< 0.001§
Maternal education
≤ 8 years of study	43.2	42.9	13.9	0.045§	54.6	31.7	13.7	< 0.001§	32.6	46.2	21.2	< 0.001§	5.2	14.2	80.6	< 0.001§
> 8 years of study	47.5	38.5	14.0	0.045§	82.0	13.2	4.8	< 0.001§	47.6	39.0	13.4	< 0.001§	12.6	24.8	62.6	< 0.001§

	High blood pressure in boys		High blood pressure in girls

	Crude OR (CI 95%)	Adjusted OR (CI 95%)	Crude OR (CI 95%)	Adjusted OR (CI 95%)
Television viewing#
< 2 hours	1	1	1	1
2 to 4 hours	1.34 (1.00-1.79)	1.34 (0.99-1.81)	1.24 (0.91-1.70)	1.07 (0.75-1.52)
> 4 hours	2.02 (1.39-2.93)	2.01 (1.37-2.98)	1.14 (0.73-1.79)	0.76 (0.44-1.29)
Playing video games and/or using the computer†
< 2 hours	1	1	1	1
2 to 4 hours	0.82 (0.60-1.13)	0.97 (0.66-1.43)	0.92 (0.63-1.36)	1.05 (0.62-1.76)
> 4 hours	1.21 (0.82-1.76)	1.16 (0.70-1.92)	0.82 (0.45-1.49)	0.77 (0.34-1.70)
Non-screen activities§
< 2 hours	1	1	1	1
2 to 4 hours	1.14 (0.86-1.51)	1.10 (0.79-1.53)	1.10 (0.80-1.51)	1.11 (0.76-1.61)
> 4 hours	0.95 (0.62-1.44)	1.00 (0.62-1.61)	1.06 (0.69-1.64)	1.14 (0.70-1.86)
Total time sitting‡
< 2 hours	1	1	1	1
2 to 4 hours	0.92 (0.54-1.55)	1.32 (0.77-2.26)	2.37 (1.22-4.60)	1.90 (0.90-4.01)
> 4 hours	0.97 (0.61-1.54)	0.85 (0.56-1.26)	1.91 (1.02-3.56)	1.46 (0.71-2.96)

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E-mail: cienciasaudecoletiva@fiocruz.br

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[1] Collaborations

LMFT Oliveira, RM Ritti-Dias, BQ Farah, DGD Chirstofaro, MVG Barros, PRB Diniz and FJSP Guimarães participated equally in all stages of preparation of the article.