Demand for contraception in Brazil in 2006: contribution to the implementation of fertility preferences

Carvalho, Angelita Alves de

doi:10.1590/1413-812320182410.27252017

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FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 24 (10) • Oct 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320182410.27252017 copy

Demand for contraception in Brazil in 2006: contribution to the implementation of fertility preferences

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to estimate the demand for contraception in Brazil from the latest available data and identify possible associations between the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of women and the occurrence of this phenomenon. For this, we used data from the National Demographic and Health of Women and Children (PNDS) 2006 database and the estimation method reviewed by Bradley et al. (2012). Despite the high percentage of contraceptive use in Brazil, there was an estimated unmet fertility planning need in 8.3% of married/partnered women aged 15-49 years. That is, there was a specific group of women (at the beginning and end of their reproductive life, in the lower economic strata, evangelical and without religion) who wanted to have more children or have them later and failed to do so due to a lack of access to fertility regulation means. It was concluded that there was a negligible reduction in demand compared to 1996, which has reinforced the need to focus public investments to achieve lower unmet contraception demand differentials in the country and has guaranteed the implementation of the rights of reproductive preferences.

Key words
Family planning; Need not met by contraception; PNDS 2006; Reproductive preferences

Sociodemographic and economic variables		No demand n = 636 6.4%	Demand to limit n = 417 4.2%	Demand for spacing n = 403 4.1%	Total n = 1455 14.7%	P-Value
Geographic regions	North	36.20	35.75	28.05	100	0.535
	Northeast	39.82	28.46	31.72	100
	Southeast	46.56	26.11	27.33	100
	South	44.97	31.65	23.39	100
	Midwest	47.77	29.54	22.69	100
Residence status	Urban	43.89	28.92	27.19	100	0.859
Residence status	Rural	42.91	27.47	29.62	100	0.859
Race / color	White	45.32	25.78	28.90	100	0.534
Race / color	Black	42.51	30.97	26.52	100	0.534
Economic strata	A1, A2, B1	56.39	2.80	40.81	100	0.013
	B2, C1,	51.67	29.66	18.66	100
	C2, D, E	40.30	30.69	29,00	100
Age groups	15-24	41.43	14.94	43.63	100	0.000
	25-39	49.14	25.03	25.83	100
	40-49	38.59	50.73	10.67	100
Conjugality	Formal union	49.05	28.66	22.30	100	0.047
Conjugality	Consensual union	39.22	28.62	32.16	100	0.047
Education	High	51.58	20.30	28.11	100	0.000
Education	Low	37.32	34.80	27.88	100	0.000
Current religion	Catholic	47.38	26.82	25,80	100	0.064
	Prot. traditional	37.90	36.76	25.34	100
	Pentecostal	49.62	32.25	18.14	100
	Without religion	31.09	21.29	47.63	100
	Others	39.06	35.09	25.85	100
Number of children born alive	0	64.72	7.85	27.43	100	0.000
	1	41.94	23.79	34.27	100
	2	23.63	55.03	21.34	100
	3 and more	14.02	68.79	17.19	100
Age when having 1st child	19 years	25.55	44.30	30.15	100	0.000
	20 to 30 years	38.89	30.99	30.12	100
	30 and more	72.31	21.83	5.86	100

Independent variables		Odds Ratio		P- Value
Independent variables		Limit	Space	P- Value
Economic strata	A1, A2 and B1	Reference
	B2 and C1	7,05	0,29	0,014
	C2, D and E	7,65	0,33	0,014
Education	High	Reference
Education	Low	1,27	1,04	0,759
Age groups	15-24	Reference
	25-39	0,44	0,34	0,000
	40-49	1,52	0,10	0,000
Marital status	Formal union	Reference
Marital status	Consensual union	1,28	1,29	0,665
Current religion	Catholic	Reference
	Traditional Protestant	1,72	1,17	0,085
	Pentecostal	1,40	0,88
	Without religion	1,00	2,77
	Others	4,00	2,17
Number of children born alive	0	Reference
	1	8,09	1,22	0,000
	2	28,47	1,79
	3 and more	56,60	2,94
Age at which 1st child was born	19 years	Reference
	20 to 29 years	0,56	1,28	0,156
	30 years and more	0,51	0,28	0,156

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E-mail: cienciasaudecoletiva@fiocruz.br

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Group 1 Women who used contraception	Woman who did not use contraception
	Not pregnant or amenorrheic	Not pregnant or amenorrheic
	They did not wish for the current pregnancy or the last birth. Unmet need to limit	Group 3 Unfruitful	Group 4 Fecund
They did not want more children, were sterilized, or could not get pregnant. They used contraception to limit		Married for over five years, they had no children in the last five years and have never used contraception	They wanted to have children after two years or they wanted to have children but were undecided about time or actual desire. Unmet need to space
	They wanted the pregnancy later. Unmet need to space
		They went 6 months or more without menstruating and were not amenorrheic
All others. They used contraception to space	They wanted the current pregnancy and the last birth. No unmet need	They could not get pregnant	They did not want more children Unmet need to limit
	They did not respond to the desire for the current and last pregnancy or birth. Missing	Last menstrual period occurred before the last delivery which was 5 years or more prior	They wanted to have children in the next two years No unmet need
		Were in menopause, had a hysterectomy or never menstruated	They did not respond about future intentions for children. Missing