Minor psychiatric disorders among family caregivers of users of Psychosocial Care Centers: prevalence and associated factors

Treichel, Carlos Alberto dos Santos; Jardim, Vanda Maria da Rosa; Tomasi, Elaine; Kantorski, Luciane Prado; Oliveira, Michele Mandagará de; Coimbra, Valéria Cristina Christello

doi:10.1590/1413-81232020252.12532018

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 25 (2) • Feb 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020252.12532018 copy

Minor psychiatric disorders among family caregivers of users of Psychosocial Care Centers: prevalence and associated factors

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of the manifestation of Minor Psychiatric Disorders and its associated factors among 537 family caregivers of people living with psychological distress attended at 16 Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) located in the 21st health region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Considering a hierarchical theoretical model, the analysis adopted a Poisson regression to calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios. The prevalence of Minor Psychiatric Disorders found in the studied population was 42.1% (N = 226 CI: 38%-46,3%). Factors associated with these disorders were being female (PR: 1.54), having a close relationship with the user, especially fathers/mothers (PR: 2.00), low schooling, within a prevalence ratio of PR: 1.85 in the lowest stratum, presence of health problems (PR: 1.24); reporting neurological problems (PR: 3.02), low performance in the evaluation of the quality of life in the physical (PR: 1.84) and environmental (PR: 1.95) aspects, dissatisfaction with family relationships (PR: 1.56), lack of family support (PR: 1.25) and feeling of burden, with a prevalence ratio of PR: 2.61 among individuals with higher level of burden.

Key words
Minor Psychiatric Disorders; SRQ20; Relatives; Caregivers; Community mental health services

Variables	N	%
Gender	N	%
Male	197	36.7%
Female	340	63.3%
Age group
18-40 years	136	25.3%
41-50 years	107	19.9%
51-60 years	123	22.9%
61 years and over	171	31.8%
Marital status
Single	216	40.2%
Living with a partner	321	59.8%
Relationship with user
Others	79	14.7%
Sister/brother	74	13.8%
Son/daughter	72	13.4%
Spouse	131	24.4%
Father/mother	181	33.7%
Schooling
9 years of study and over	141	26.3%
5-8 years of study	189	35.2%
0-4 years of study	207	38.5%
Paid work
Yes	169	31.5%
No	368	68.5%
Per capita income
1 minimum wage and over	108	21.0%
0.5-1 minimum wage	212	41.2%
Up to 0.5 minimum wage	194	37.7%

		N	Prevalence	Crude PR / 95%CI	P-value	Adjusted PR / 95%CI	P-value
	Gender
First level	Male	197	31.98%	1	0.001	1	0.001
	Female	340	47.94%	1.49 (1.18-1.89)		1.54 (1.18-2.01)
	Age group
	18-40 years	136	39.71%	1	0.067	1	0.167
	41-50 years	107	51.40%	1.29 (0.98-1.70)		1.05 (0.77-1.44)
	51-60 years	123	44.72%	1.12 (0.84-1.49)		0.93 (0.67-1.30)
	61 years and over	171	36.26%	0.91 (0.68-1.21)		0.75 (0.53-1.07)
	Marital status
	Single	216	40.74%	1	0.606	1	0.893
	Living with a partner	321	42.99%	1.05 (0.86-1.29)		0.98 (0.78-1.23)
	Relationship with user
	Others	79	24.05%	1	0.027	1	0.019
	Sister/brother	74	41.89%	1.74 (1.08-2.80)		1.68 (1.04-2.71)
	Son/daughter	72	43.06%	1.79 (1.11-2.87)		2.04 (1.26-3.30)
	Spouse	131	43.51%	1.80 (1.16-2.80)		1.96 (1.26-3.13)
	Father/mother	181	48.62%	2.02 (1.32-3.07)		2.00 (1.29-3.10)
	Schooling
	9 years of study and over	141	29.08%	1	0.003	1	0.001
	5-8 years of study	189	46.56%	1.60 (1.18-2.16)		1.59 (1.15-2.18)
	0-4 years of study	207	46.86%	1.61 (1.19-2.16)		1.85 (1.33-2.59)
	Paid work
	Yes	169	39.64%	1	0.443	1	0.414
	No	368	43.21%	1.08 (0.87-1.35)		0.90 (0.72-1.14)
	Per capita income
	1 minimum wage and over	108	27.78%	1	0.004	1	0.163
	0.5-1 minimum wage	212	42.45%	1.52 (1.08-2.15)		1.18 (0.83-1.66)
	Up to 0.5 minimum wage	194	48.97%	1.76 (1.25-2.46)		1.36 (0.96-1.94)
Second level	Health problems
	No	180	33.33%	1	0.005	1	0.049
	Yes	357	46.50%	1.39 (1.10-1.76)		1.24 (1.00-1.54)
	Neurological problems
	No	261	20.69%	1	<0.001	1	<0.001
	Yes and does not use psychotropics	115	50.43%	2.43 (1.80-3.28)		2.28 (1.67-3.10)
	Yes and uses psychotropics	161	70.81%	3.42 (2.64-4.42)		3.02 (2.25-4.06)
	Physical activities
	Yes			1	0.026	1	0.368
	No			1.28 (1.03-1.61)		1.10 (0.89-1.36)
Third level	Main caregiver
	No	79	35.44%	1	0.217	1	0.997
	Yes	458	43.23%	1.21 (0.88-1.67)		0.99 (0.68-1.45)
	Sharing care
	Yes	292	39.73%	1	0.226	1	0.634
	No	245	44.90%	1.13 (0.92-1.37)		0.94 (0.74-1.29)
	Time in the care activity
	0-1 year	63	50.79%	1	0.289	1	0.172
	1-5 years	173	39.31%	0.77 (0.56-1.05)		0.74 (0.53-1.02)
	6-10 years	122	38.52%	0.75 (0.54-1.05)		0.74 (0.52-1.04)
	Over 10 years	171	44.44%	0.87 (0.65-1.17)		0.80 (0.51-1.97)
	Daily care time
	0-8 hours	186	33.87%	1	0.010	1	0.638
	Over 8 hours	290	46.21%	1.36 (1.07-1.72)		1.06 (0.82-1.36)
	User diagnosis
	Anxiety	35	34.29%	1	0.391	1	0.056
	Depression	176	38.64%	1.12 (0.68-1.84)		1.83 (1.15-2.90)
	Bipolarity	69	46.38%	1.35 (0.80-2.28)		1.53 (0.90-2.60)
	Schizophrenia	169	44.38%	1.29 (0.70-2.11)		1.59 (1.00-2.54)
	Intellectual disability	38	52.63%	1.53 (0.88-2.65)		2.13 (1.23-3.68)
	Alcohol/Drugs	21	52.38%	1.52 (0.82-2.82)		2.29 (1.13-4.63)
	Level of user dependence
	Independent	90	54.44%	1	0.008	1	0.420
	Partially dependent	187	43.32%	0.79 (0.61-1.02)		1.00 (0.76-1.32)
	Dependent	260	36.92%	0.67 (0.52-0.86)		0.85 (0.63-1.16)
Fourth level	Quality of life (Physical realm)
	Satisfied	276	22.83%	1	<0.001	1	0.001
	Partially satisfied	227	58.59%	2.56 (2.01-3.27)		1.68 (1.25-2.24)
	Dissatisfied	34	88.24%	3.86 (3.01-4.96)		1.84 (1.28-2.65)
	Quality of life (psychological realm)
	Satisfied	297	24.24%	1	<0.001	1	0.097
	Partially satisfied	210	59.05%	2.43 (1.93-3.06)		1.23 (0.96-1.58)
	Dissatisfied	30	100%	4.12 (3.37-5.04)		1.39 (1.02-1.91)
	Quality of life (relationships realm)
	Satisfied	291	29.55%	1	<0.001	1	0.699
	Partially satisfied	210	52.38%	1.77 (1.42-2.20)		0.91 (0.72-1.13)
	Dissatisfied	36	83.33%	2.81 (2.24-3.54)		0.91 (0.68-1.22)
	Quality of life (environmental realm)
	Satisfied	150	14.67%	1	<0.001	1	0.005
	Partially satisfied	355	50.14%	3.41 (2.29-5.10)		2.02 (1.32-3.09)
	Dissatisfied	32	81.25%	5.53 (3.63-8.43)		1.95 (1.14-3.34)
	Satisfaction with family relationships
	Satisfied	418	32.54%	1	<0.001	1	<0.001
	Dissatisfied	119	75.63%	2.32 (1.95-2.76)		1.56 (1.27-1.93)
Fifth level	CAPS support
	Yes	346	41.62%	1	0.767	1	0.187
	No	191	42.93%	1.03 (0.83-1.23)		0.86 (0.69-1.07)
	Family support
	Yes	295	37.29%	1	0.004	1	0.043
	No	242	47.93%	1.28 (1.05-1.56)		1.25 (1.00-1.55)
Sixth level	Feeling of burden
	No burden	247	17.81%	1	<0.001	1	<0.001
	Mild burden	185	52.43%	2.94 (2.17-3.97)		2.08 (1.50-2.89)
	Moderate burden	77	75.31%	4.22 (3.14-5.69)		2.97 (2.09-4.21)
	Heavy burden	28	96.43%	5.41 (4.10-7.14)		2.61 (1.72-3.98)
	Total	537	42.1%

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[1] Collaborations

CAS Treichel worked on the elaboration and design of research, data analysis and interpretation, and drafting of the manuscript. VMR Jardim, E Tomasi and LP Kantorski worked on the elaboration and design of the research and data analysis and interpretation. MM Oliveira and VCC Coimbra worked on the drafting and critical review of the manuscript.