Workplace Accident Prevalence and Associated Factors among Tobacco Farm in São Lourenço do Sul-RS, Brazil

Zago, Adriana Marchon; Meucci, Rodrigo Dalke; Fiori, Nadia; Carret, Maria Laura Vidal; Faria, Neice Muller Xavier; Fassa, Anaclaudia Gastal

doi:10.1590/1413-81232018235.13172016

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Article • Ciênc. saúde colet. 23 (5) • May 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018235.13172016 copy

Workplace Accident Prevalence and Associated Factors among Tobacco Farm in São Lourenço do Sul-RS, Brazil

Prevalência e Fatores Associados à Acidente de Trabalho em Fumicultores do Município de São Lourenço do Sul, RS, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Agriculture has the highest risk of accidents. In Brazil the reality of this situation is unknown owing to scarcity of studies and underreporting of workplace accidents in rural areas. This article aims to evaluate workplace accident prevalence and associated factors among tobacco farm in Sao Lourenco do Sul-RS, Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 488 tobacco farmers, assessing sociodemographic, behavioural, labour characteristics and association with workplace accidents occurring in their lifetime. The injury prevalence was 24%. Being male (PR 1.62; 95%CI 1.04-2.52), and tenant farmer (PR 1.87; 95%CI 1.29-2.72), bundling tobacco leaves (PR 2.00; 95%CI 1.14-3.52) and having minor psychiatric disorders (PR 1.58; 95%CI 1.06-2.35) were positively associated with accidents. 46% of serious injuries caused superficial lesions and 26% caused fractures. Rural workplace accident prevention policies need to be established, particularly for tobacco farming. Larger studies are needed to understand work process-related aspects that increase the risk of accidents.

Key words
Workplace accident; Occupational risks; Tobacco; Farm workers; Brazil

Variable			Tobacco farmers (N = 488)
Variable			N	%
Sociodemographic
	Sex
		Male	372	76.2
		Female	116	23.8
	Age
		18-29 years	124	25.4
		30-38 years	125	25.6
		39-50 years	126	25.8
		51 years and over	113	23.2
	Marital status
		Married/partner	347	73.2
		Single/widowed/separated	127	26.8
	Schooling
		up to 4 years	217	44.5
		5- 7 years	208	42.6
		≥ 8 years	63	12.9
	Tobacco cultivation per hectare
		1-5 hectares	277	58.7
		6-20 hectares	164	34.7
		> 21 hectares	31	6.6
	Annual tobacco production (Kg)
		up to 5000	130	27.6
		5001-10000	212	44.9
		10001-36000	130	27.5
	Expenses with Taxation (vehicles) in BRL
		Exempt	26	5.6
		up to 500	128	27.6
		501-1000	186	40.1
		≥1001	124	26.7
	Labour relation
		Property owner	437	89.5
		Tenant farmer	51	10.5
Behavioural Aspects
	Heavy drinking
		No	344	80.7
		Yes	82	19.3
	Smoking
		No	288	60.8
		Former smoker	82	17.3
		Smoker	104	21.9

Variable		Tobacco farmers (N = 488)
Variable		N	%
Age at which began tobacco farming
	≤ 15 years	181	38.2
	16-21 years	165	34.8
	≥ 22 years	128	27.0
Total daily working hours
	≤ 9 hours	260	54.1
	≥10 hours	215	45.9
Bundling tobacco leaves
	No	82	17.3
	Yes	392	82.7
Driving tractor
	No	168	35.4
	Yes	306	64.6
Heavy physical exertion
	No	189	38.7
	Yes	299	61.3
Working under pressure
	No	274	56.2
	Yes	214	43.8
Intense work
	No	56	11.8
	Yes	418	88.2
Anxiety/depression
	No	355	73.3
	Yes	129	26.7
Workplace accident
	Lifetime	120	24.6
	In the last 5 years ^* * Most serious workplace accidents in the last 5 years.	56	11.4

Variable			Crude Analysis					Adjusted Analysis^* * The variables are adjusted to those on the same level and those on the level above.
Variable			N	P	PR	95%CI	p	PR	95%CI	p
First Level
	Sex						0.025			0.023
		Female	116	16.4	1	-		1	-
		Male	371	27.2	1.66	(1.06-2.59)		1.66	(1.07- 2.59)
	Schooling						0.152			0.089
		Up to 4 years	216	27.8	1	-		1	-
		≥ 5 years	271	22.1	0.79	(0.58-1.09)		0.77	(0.56-1.06)
	Expenses with IPVA
		Exempt	26	46.1	1.85	(1.17-2.93)	0.008	1.84	(1.16-2.91)	0.009
		Up to 500	127	20.5	0.82	(0.55-1.22)	0.328	0.81	(0.55-1.20)	0.307
		≥ 501	309	24.9	1	-		1	-
Second Level
	High-risk alcohol consumption/week
		No					0.135			0.42
		Yes	339	23.9	1	-		1	-
			82	31.7	1.33	(0.92-1.92)		1.17	(0.79-1.73)
Third Level
	Labour relations						0.000			0.000
		Property owner	436	22.5	1	-		1	-
		Tenant farmer	51	45.1	2.03	(1.43- 2.88)		2.04	(1.43- 2.90)
	Daily working hours						0.020			0.112
		Up to 9 hours	272	20.6	1	-		1	-
		≥ 10 hours	215	29.7	1.44	(1.06-1.97)		1.33	(0.97- 1.83)
Fourth Level
	Bundling tobacco leaves						0.019			0.030
		No	82	13.4	1	-		1	-
		Yes	390	26.7	1.99	(1.12-3.54)		1.85	(1.06-3.24)
	Driving tractor						0.031			0.123
		No	168	18.4	1	-		1	-
		Yes	304	27.6	1.50	(1.03-2.16)		1.39	(0.91-2.10)
	Heavy physical exertion						0.026			0.189
		No	189	19.0	1	-		1	-
		Yes	298	28.2	1.47	(1.04- 2.09)		1.30	(0.89-1.79)
	Intense work						0.146			0.192
		No	56	16.1	1	-		1	-
		Yes	416	25.4	1.58	(0.85-2.95)		1.48	(0.82-2.70)
Fifth Level
	Depression/anxiety						0.013			0.014
		No	412	22.6	1	-		1	-
		Yes	54	37.0	1.64	(1.11- 2.43)		1.50	(1.08-2.08)

Variables		N	%
Age when accident occurred (N = 120)
	≤ 15 years	13	11.0
	16-21 years	17	14.4
	≥ 22 years	88	74.6
How long ago accident occurred (N = 120)
	≤ 1 year	17	14.4
	2-5 years	39	33.1
	6-10 years	31	26.3
	≥ 11 years	31	26.3
Accident injury type (N = 105)
	Cut/puncture/laceration/abrasion	48	45.7
	Fracture/dislocation	28	26.7
	Amputation	08	7.6
	Stinging	08	7.6
	Contusion/sprain	07	6.7
	Eye trauma	04	3.9
	Burn	01	0.9
	Multiple traumas	01	0.9
Accident sequelae (N = 105)
	No sequelae	75	71.4
	Loss of movement	13	12.4
	Amputation	08	7.6
	Scar	05	4.8
	Loss of sight	04	3.8

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[1] Collaborations

AM Zago worked on the analysis and writing of the article, AG Fassa worked on research design and article revision; RD Meucci worked on research and review of analyzes and methods of the article; N Fiori worked on research; MLV Carret worked on research and NMX Faria worked on article research and discussion.