Prevalence of dyslipidemias and food consumption: a population-based study

Valença, Silvia Eugênia Oliveira; Brito, Alice Divina Melo; Silva, Danielle Cristina Guimarães da; Ferreira, Fabrícia Geralda; Novaes, Juliana Farias; Longo, Giana Zarbato

doi:10.1590/1413-812320212611.28022020

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 26 (11) • Nov 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320212611.28022020 copy

Prevalence of dyslipidemias and food consumption: a population-based study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with an adequate intake of carbohydrates, saturated, monounsaturated, trans, and omega-3 fats among adults living in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study with 884 adults aged 20 to 59 years. Sociodemographic, food intake, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected. Associations between study variables were investigated by the chi-square test. There was a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study population (64.25%), with most individuals having abnormal levels of at least one serum lipid component. Inadequate intakes of saturated, trans, and monounsaturated fats and carbohydrates were predominant. It is noteworthy that omega-3 intake levels were adequate in most individuals. Eutrophic adults showed a higher prevalence of excessive intake of saturated and trans fats. It was found that 38.7% of individuals with low levels of High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) had an excessive intake of saturated fat. Most individuals with high triglyceride levels or high triglyceride/HDL-c ratios had an insufficient intake of monounsaturated fat. Further studies are needed to evaluate other factors that may influence dietary patterns.

Key words:
Dyslipidemias; Eating; Adults; Nutritional epidemiology

Variable		Total (%)	Dyslipidemic		p*
Variable		Total (%)	Yes (%)	No (%)
Sex
	Female	47.69	34.09	13.61	0.263
	Male	52.31	32.56	19.75
Age group (years)
	20-29	31.80	16.58	15.22	<0.001
	30-39	26.50	16.65	9.85
	40-49	22.78	17.62	5.16
	50-59	18.91	15.79	3.13
Level of education (years)
	0-4 anos	15.92	10.95	4.97	0.337
	5-8 anos	14.27	10.31	3.96
	9-11 anos	20.74	14.52	6.22
	≥12 anos	49.07	30.86	18.21
Socioeconomic status
	A/B	27.33	18.86	8.47	0.489
	C	65.81	42.81	23.00
	D/E	6.86	5.03	1.83
Weight status
	Normal weight (<25 kg/m²)	53.68	30.12	23.56	<0.001
	Overweight/obese (≥25 kg/m²)	46.32	36.47	9.86
Waist circumference
	Normal (men, <80 cm; women, <90 cm)	56.32	30.48	25.83	<0.001
	High (men, ≥80 cm; women, ≥90 cm)	43.68	36.16	7.52

Variable		Total (%)	Dyslipidemic		p*
Variable		Total (%)	Yes (%)	No (%)
Saturated fat intake (% of total energy)
	Adequate (<10)	6.53	4.55	1.98	0.633
	Inadequate (≥10)	93.47	62.09	31.38
Trans fat intake (% of total energy)
	Adequate (<1)	25.80	18.24	7.57	0.191
	Inadequate (≥1)	74.20	25.79	25.79
Monounsaturated fat intake (% of total energy)
	Adequate (>15)	3.41	2.00	1.41	0.261
	Inadequate (≤15)	96.59	64.65	31.95
Omega-3 intake (g)
	Adequate (≥1)	91.49	60.77	30.72	0.688
	Inadequate (<1)	8.51	5.87	2.64
Carbohydrate intake (g)
	Adequate (≤130)	0.67	0.34	0.33	0.295
	Inadequate (>130)	99.33	66.30	33.03

Variables		Saturated fat intake			Trans fat intake			Carbohydrate intake
		<10% energy	≥10% energy	p*	<1% energy	≥1% energy	p*	≤130g	>130g	p*
		(%)	(%)		(%)	(%)		(%)	(%)
Sex
	Female	16.49	31.20	0.374	11.33	36.36	0.568	52.05	47.29	0.497
	Male	22.30	30.00		14.47	37.84		0.26	0.41
Age group (years)
	20-29	7.96	23.84	0.012	4.59	27.21	<0.001	0.45	31.36	0.205
	30-39	9.53	16.96		5.97	20.52		0.11	26.38
	40-49	10.36	12.43		6.96	15.82		0.00	22.78
	50-59	10.95	7.97		8.28	10.64		0.10	18.81
Level of education (years)
	0-4	9.91	6.01	<0.001	6.42	9.51	0.009	0.00	15.92	0.670
	5-8	7.02	7.24		4.77	9.50		0.00	14.27
	9-11	8.41	12.33		5.32	15.42		0.17	20.57
	≥12	13.45	35.62		9.30	39.77		0.50	48.57
Socioeconomic status
	A/B	8.96	18.37	0.161	6.22	21.11	0.027	0.19	27.14	0.728
	C	26.64	39.17		16.35	49.46		0.48	65.33
	D/E	3.23	3.63		3.26	3.60		0.00	6.86
Weight status
	Normal weight (<25 kg/m²)	19.80	33.87	0.254	12.78	40.89	0.259	0.50	53.17	0.259
	Overweight/obese (≥25 kg/m²)	18.95	27.37		12.89	33.43		0.17	46.16
Waist circumference
	Normal (men, <80 cm; women, <90 cm)	18.88	37.44	0.038	12.24	44.08	0.010	0.50	55.82	0.256
	High (men, ≥80 cm; women, ≥90 cm)	19.92	23.77		13.56	30.12		0.17	43.52
TC
	Normal (<200 mg/dL)	22.72	39.23	0.327	13.66	48.29	0.068	0.67	61.28	0.004
	High (≥200 mg/dL)	16.08	21.98		12.15	25.91		0.00	38.06
HDL-c
	Normal (men, ≥40 mg/dL; women, ≥50 mg/dL)	17.53	22.50	0.022	10.26	29.78	0.918	59.64	39.69	0.454
	Low (men, <40 mg/dL; women <50 mg/dL)	21.27	38.70		15.55	44.42		0.33	0.34
LDL-c
	Normal (<160 mg/dL)	34.49	54.26	0.932	23.14	65.60	0.730	0.67	88.08	0.239
	High (≥160 mg/dL)	4.31	6.95		2.66	8.60		0.00	11.26
TG
	Normal (<150 mg/dL)	27.43	46.16	0.270	15.41	58.19	0.001	0.56	73.03	0.539
	High (≥150 mg/dL)	11.37	15.04		10.39	16.01		0.10	26.30
TC/HDL-c ratio
	Normal (men, ≤5; women, ≤4.5)	25.92	46.33	0.025	16.37	55.89	0.033	0.58	71.68	0.306
	High (men, >5; women, >4.5)	12.88	14.87		9.44	18.31		0.00	27.66
LDL-c/HDL-c ratio
	Normal (men, ≤3.5; women, ≤3)	29.25	9.54	0.048	19.41	58.74	0.423	0.58	7.758	0.505
	High (men, >3.5; women, >3)	48.90	12.30		6.39	15.46		0.00	21.76
TG/HDL-c ratio
	Normal (<4)	27.51	49.60	0.047	17.61	59.49	0.011	0.67	76.44	0.014
	High (≥4)	11.29	11.61		8.19	14.71		0.00	22.89

Variables		Monounsaturated fat intake			Omega-3 intake
		≤15% energy	>15% energy	p*	≤1 g	>1 g	p*
		(%)	(%)		(%)	(%)
Sex
	Female	50,82	1,49	0,282	3,38	48,93	0,111
	Male	45,77	1,92		5,13	42,56
Age group (years)
	20-29	31,10	0,71	0,024	2,17	29,63	0,179
	30-39	25,22	1,27		2,12	24,37
	40-49	21,71	1,08		1,37	21,42
	50-59	18,57	0,35		2,85	16,06
Level of education (years)
	0-4	15,81	0,11	0,313	1,37	14,56	0,943
	5-8	13,70	0,57		1,14	13,13
	9-11	20,04	0,70		1,54	19,19
	≥12	47,05	2,02		4,47	44,61
Socioeconomic status
	A/B	26,15	1,17	0,618	1,75	25,58	0,197
	C	63,87	1,94		5,61	60,20
	D/E	6,57	0,30		1,16	5,70
Weight status
	Normal weight (<25 kg/m²)	51,75	1,92	0,794	4,54	49,14	0,934
	Overweight/obese (≥25 kg/m²)	44,84	1,49		3,99	42,34
Waist circumference
	Normal (men, <80 cm; women, <90 cm)	54,31	2,01	0,799	4,73	51,59	0,897
	High (men, ≥80 cm; women, ≥90 cm)	42,28	1,40		3,78	39,90
TC
	Normal (<200 mg/dL)	59,67	2,27	0,618	3,93	58,01	0,015
	High (≥200 mg/dL)	36,92	1,14		4,58	33,48
HDL-c
	Normal (men, ≥40 mg/dL; women, ≥50 mg/dL)	38,88	1,16	0,464	2,78	37,25	0,223
	Low (men, <40 mg/dL; women <50 mg/dL)	57,72	2,25		5,73	54,24
LDL-c
	Normal (<160 mg/dL)	85,68	3,06	0,848	7,54	81,20	0,961
	High (≥160 mg/dL)	10,91	0,35		0,97	10,29
TG
	Normal (<150 mg/dL)	70,41	3,18	0,015	6,30	67,30	0,951
	High (≥150 mg/dL)	26,18	0,23		2,21	24,19
TC/HDL-c ratio
	Normal (men, ≤5; women, ≤4.5)	69,52	2,73	0,315	6,11	66,15	0,941
	High (men, >5; women, >4.5)	27,07	0,68		2,40	25,34
LDL-c/HDL-c ratio
	Normal (men, ≤3.5; women, ≤3)	75,58	21,01	0,637	6,69	71,46	0,936
	High (men, >3.5; women, >3)	2,57	0,83		1,82	20,03
TG/HDL-c ratio
	Normal (<4)	73,82	3,28	0,020	6,63	70,48	0,899
	High (≥4)	22,77	0,12		1,88	21,01

ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva Av. Brasil, 4036 - sala 700 Manguinhos, 21040-361 Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil, Tel.: +55 21 3882-9153 / 3882-9151 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: cienciasaudecoletiva@fiocruz.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Collaborations

SEO Valença and ADM Brito: conception, design, analysis and interpretation of data and paper writing. DCG Silva: planning, conception, design, analysis and interpretation of data and paper writing. FG Ferreira and JF Novaes: writing and critical review of the manuscript. GZ Longo: planning, data collection and critical review of the paper. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.