Metabolic risk factors clustering among adolescents: a comparison between sex, age and socioeconomic status

Guimarães, Roseane de Fátima; Silva, Michael Pereira da; Mazzardo, Oldemar; Martins, Rafael Vieira; Watanabe, Priscila Iumi; Campos, Wagner de

doi:10.1590/1413-81232018242.01352017

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Article • Ciênc. saúde colet. 24 (2) • Feb 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018242.01352017 copy

Metabolic risk factors clustering among adolescents: a comparison between sex, age and socioeconomic status

Agregação de fatores de risco metabólico em adolescentes: uma comparação entre sexo, idade e nível socioeconômico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim was to compare the metabolic risk factors (MRF) between sex, age and socioeconomic status in a sample of adolescents from Curitiba, Brazil. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted on 997 adolescents (429 boys) aged 12-17 years old from public schools. Total Cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, Triglycerides, Glycemia, Blood Pressure, waist circumference and body mass index were measured. Sex, age and socioeconomic status information was obtained using a questionnaire. Descriptive analyses, Fisher Exact and Chi-Square Tests were used to establish the sample's characteristics and the MRF comparison between variables. We found that 27.4% were classified as overweight/obese, almost half of them had TC and LDL-c classified as limitrophe/altered, with a difference between the sexes (p < 0.01), and that a higher percentage of altered values was seen among girls. The percentage of 3 and 4 or more MRF was 13.8% and 6.3%, respectively. In addition, 86.5% of the participants had at least one and 39.7% had at least two MRF. We conclude that there was a high percentage of overweight/obese, as well as a great number of subjects with altered TC and HDL-c. We also pointed out the large percentage of aggregated metabolic risk factors in both sexes. Strategies to reduce metabolic risk factors are required.

Key words
Risk factors; Sex; Age; Social class and adolescent

		Overall (N=997)	Boys (N=429)	Girls (N=568)
Age (Mean ± SD)		15.4 ± 1.4	15.5 ± 1.4	15.4 ± 1.4
Age Groups		N (%)	N (%)	N (%)
	12-14 years	364 (36.5%)	146 (34.0%)	219 (38.5%)
	14-16 years	491 (49.2%)	218 (50.8%)	272 (47.9%)
	16-18 years	142 (14.3%)	65 (15.2%)	77(13.6%)
Socioeconomic Status		N (%)	N (%)	N (%)
	A	60 (6.0%)	28 (6.5%)	32 (5.6%)
	B	637 (63.9%)	290 (67.6%)	347 (61.1%)
	C/D/E	300 (30.1%)	111 (25.9%)	189 (33.3%)

			Sex			Age				Socioeconomic Status
		Total	Boys	Girls	p	12 to 14 years	14 to 16 years	16 to 18 years	p	A	B	C/D/E	p
BMI			%				%				%
	Severe Thinness	.3	.7	0	.11	.6	.2	0	.01	1.7	.3	0	.38
	Thinness	1.4	1.9	1.1		1.7	1.0	2.1		1.7	1.1	2.0
	Eutrofic	70.9	68.2	73.0		63.7^ab	74.4^a	77.1^b		63.3	72.7	68.7
	Overweight	19.0	21.0	17.5		22.2	17.6	15.7		23.3	18.0	20.4
	Obese	8.4	8.2	8.5		11.9^ab	6.7^a	5.0^b		10.0	8.0	8.8
WC			%				%				%
	Normal	83.3	85.1	82.4	.28	81.6	85.4	82.4	.23	83.3	84.4	82.0	.09
	Altered	16.7	14.9	17.6	.28	18.4	14.6	17.6	.23	16.7	15.6	18.0	.09
BP mmHg			%				%				%
	Normal	84.4	80.8^a	87.8^a	.00	83.7	84.8	87.9	.37	75.0	85.8	84.7	.10
	Prehypertension	13.0	15.2^a	10.6^a		14.4	12.4	8.5		20.0	12.3	11.5
	Hypertension	2.6	4.0^a	1.6^a		1.9	2.8	3.5		5.0	1.9	3.7
Glycemia mg/dL			%				%				%
	<100	99.1	98.6	99.5	.15	98.9	99.6	97.9	.15	100.0	98.8	99.7	.29
	100-125	.9	1.4	.5		1.1	.4	2.1		0	1.2	.3
	≥126	0	0	0		0	0	0		0	0	0
TG mg/dL			%				%				%
	<100	89.9	90.0	89.8	.99	90.6	89.3	90.1	.93	85.0	90.5	89.7	.69
	100-129	7.1	7.0	7.2		6.9	7.5	6.3		11.7	6.6	7.3
	≥130	3.0	3.0	3.0		2.5	3.2	3.6		3.3	3.0	30
TC mg/dL			%				%				%
	<150	49.1	55.9^a	43.8^a	.00	56.6^a,b	46.0^a	40.8^b	.00	43.4	50.8	46.7	.54
	150-169	25.2	23.3	26.6		23.9	25	27.5		28.3	23.6	28.0
	≥170	25.7	20.7^a	29.6^a		19.5^a,b	28.5^a	31.7^b		28.3	25.6	25.3
LDL-c mg/dL			%				%			%
	<100	55.5	61.5^a	50.9^a	.00	58.3	55.3	49.3	.12	50.0	56.1	55.3	.69
	100-129	31.3	25.4^a	35.7^a		27.7	33.4	33.1		38.3	31.2	30.0
	≥130	13.2	13.1	13.4		14.0	11.3	17.6		11.7	12.7	14.7
HDL-c mg/dL			%				%			%
	≥45	33.0	29.8	35.6	.06	33.8	31.2	37.3	.36	31.7	33.0	33.3	.97
	<45	67.0	70.2	64.4	.06	66.2	68.8	62.7	.36	68.3	67.0	66.7	.97
Clustering of MRF		%				%				%
	None	13.5	13.8	13.4	.49	11.9	14.0	16.3	.90	10.0	12.2	17.5	.03
	1 MRF	46.7	48.0	45.8		47.0	47.6	43.3		46.7^a,	50.6^b	38.4^a,b
	2 MRF	19.6	17.9	20.8		21.0	19.0	17.7		18.3	17.7	23.9
	3 MRF	13.8	12.8	14.6		13.5	13.6	15.6		20.0	13.4	13.5
	4 or more MRF	6.3	7.5	5.5		6.6	5.9	7.1		5.0	6.1	7.1

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[1] Collaborations

RF Guimarães, MP Silva, O Mazzardo, RV Martins, PI Watanabe and W Campos took part of the conception of the article and the analysis of obtained data, as well as the final writing of the paper. They all agree to the version sent for publishing.