Association between occupational exposure to pesticides and ototoxicity in farmers of Pontal do Paranapanema-SP, Brazil

Abstract

The scope of this study was to assess the ototoxic effects and general health of farmers exposed to pesticides in the Pontal do Paranapanema region, SP, Brazil. Participants of both sexes aged 18-40, 40-60 and >60 years were allocated into two groups: Non-Exposed Group (NEG) and Occupationally Exposed Group (OEG). A questionnaire of exposure and health, meatoscopy, pure tone audiometry, logoaudiometry and immittanciometry were assessed. Cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and glyphosate were the most reported pesticides. The most frequently reported exposure times were 0-10, 31-40 and 51-60 years. Headaches, visual and spinal disorders were the most common complaints, as well as hypertension and gastric and renal disorders. Only 35% (18-40) and 30% (40-60) of the OEG had good hearing perception. Rotational dizziness, ear infection, tinnitus and otalgia were reported. There was an increase in conventional and high frequency hearing thresholds in EWGs, at almost all frequencies and ages, as well as an alteration in the stapedial reflex. It was concluded that occupational exposure to pesticides has ototoxic potential and can harm general health.

Key words:
Pesticides; Environmental health; Hearing impairment; Personal protective equipment