Noise in early childhood education institutions

Bitar, Mariangela Lopes; Calaço Sobrinho, Luiz Ferreira; Simões-Zenari, Marcia

doi:10.1590/1413-81232018231.22932015

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Free Themes • Ciênc. saúde colet. 23 (1) • Jan 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018231.22932015 copy

Noise in early childhood education institutions

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

High sound pressure levels have been observed in schools, and its interference in the health of children and teachers it was taken to analyze these levels in childhood education centers serving children aged zero to six years, investigate the staff's perceptions concerning noise exposure and identify the auditory conditions of these workers and the occurrence of diseases. The study was conducted in ten institutions employing 320 workers. Sound pressure levels were measured according to the technical norms; employees completed a questionnaire on the perception of noise and underwent auditory evaluation. There was high sound pressure level and differences between institutions, situations and places. Most employees are considered exposed to noise with attention and concentration difficulties, anxiety and headache. About 30% of employees had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in specific frequency. The sound pressure levels found can affect children's learning and the health of all. The employees also perceived elevated levels of noise and indicated some possible negative aspects in their work routine. Actions to improve the acoustic comfort in these institutions will be discussed with the management teams.

Key words
Noise occupational; Noise effects; Noise measurement; Child day care centers; Health promotion

Institutions		Average	Median	Deviation from Standard	Min	Max	IC	Value of p
Minimum	1	49.43	50.2	9.28	34.7	67.2	2.13	< 0.001^* * statistically significant (ANOVA).
	2	49.31	49.6	10.96	29.6	68.0		3.32
	3	52.92	54.3	7.85	39.4	69.2		2.64
	4	49.76	48.8	9.54	36.3	74.1		2.85
	5	50.21	49.7	9.90	34.3	72.6		3.11
	6	49.09	47.6	10.97	33.5	67.2		3.40
	7	51.00	51.0	8.39	35.9	72.7		1.97
	8	57.82	57.8	11.13	36.5	80.0		1.94
	9	50.11	49.3	6.87	36.5	70.2		1.60
	10	53.97	53.9	5.35	45.5	64.9		1.91
Average of the minimum values		51.36		36.2	70.6
Maximum	1	71.75	75.2	13.57	46.0	97.0	3.11	0.036^* * statistically significant (ANOVA).
	2	77.14	81.2	12.64	49.8	93.2		3.82
	3	78.74	80.8	11.19	56.0	95.2		3.76
	4	76.65	77.6	10.65	49.1	94.0		3.18
	5	77.73	78.4	11.54	46.2	96.4		3.62
	6	75.68	74.6	12.87	48.8	101.7		3.99
	7	77.45	79.5	10.91	51.0	102.8		2.56
	8	75.86	78.7	9.67	52.5	96.9		1.68
	9	77.45	77.8	10.81	47.5	103.9		2.51
	10	79.11	81.3	7.36	57.0	88.6		2.63
Average of the maximum values		77.31		50.4	96.9
Average	1	57.34	58.8	11.57	37.5	77.6	2.65	< 0.001^* * statistically significant (ANOVA).
	2	61.33	64.9	12.50	38.0	79.1		3.78
	3	63.60	65.4	9.99	46.9	81.0		3.36
	4	61.03	59.9	10.90	39.1	81.4		3.26
	5	61.50	62.1	12.03	38.8	82.0		3.78
	6	59.10	54.2	13.21	38.7	78.9		4.09
	7	61.42	64.4	10.56	39.7	81.9		2.47
	8	65.26	67.4	10.92	40.6	82.5		1.90
	9	60.73	62.7	9.03	40.6	75.5		2.10
	10	65.08	66.6	6.41	49.3	74.7		2.29
General Average		61.64		40.9	79.5

Situation	minimum		maximum		average
Situation	with children	without children	with children	without children	with children	without children
Average	55.04	43.79	79.64	67.13	65.52	51.49
Median	55.0	43.0	81.7	68.0	67.2	50.9
Deviation from Standard	9.21	6.77	10.00	9.42	9.73	7.63
Min	33.5	29.6	46.2	46.0	38.8	37.5
Max	80.0	70.2	103.9	88.4	82.5	73.8
IC	0.88	1.08	0.96	1.51	0.93	1.22
Value of p	< 0.001^* * statistically significant (ANOVA).		< 0.001^* * statistically significant (ANOVA).		< 0.001^* * statistically significant (ANOVA).

	Spaces	Average	Median	Deviation from Standard	Min	Max	IC	p-value
Minimum	ADM	48.51	48.8	6.51	34.7	65.4	1.37	<0.001^* * statistically significant (ANOVA). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.
	Rooms	49.00	46.7	10.66	29.6	80.0	1.52
	External	52.95	54.1	8.25	34.6	69.2	2.05
	Food	56.31	56.6	9.13	35.2	79.0	1.35
	Support	53.79	51.8	10.74	36.5	79.7	2.81
Maximum	ADM	73.22	74.3	9.00	46.1	92.7	1.89	<0.001^* * statistically significant (ANOVA). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.
	Rooms	73.39	73.0	13.44	46.0	101.7	1.92
	External	78.18	79.2	10.11	53.6	95.2	2.52
	Food	79.99	81.0	8.76	52.3	103.9	1.30
	Support	77.68	80.1	10.99	46.5	102.8	2.88
Average	ADM	57.68	57.1	7.73	37.5	77.6	1.62	<0.001^* * statistically significant (ANOVA). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.
	Rooms	58.64	54.3	12.72	38.0	82.5	1.81
	External	62.74	65.7	9.73	40.2	81.0	2.42
	Food	66.54	68.3	9.48	39.1	82.0	1.40
	Support	63.01	64.1	10.18	40.6	81.9	2.67

	Spaces	ADM	Rooms	External	Food
Minimum	Rooms	0.997
	External	0.052	0.045^* * statistically significant (Tukey's multiple comparison test). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.
	Food	<0.001^* * statistically significant (Tukey's multiple comparison test). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.	<0.001^* * statistically significant (Tukey's multiple comparison test). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.	0.100
	Support	0.011^* * statistically significant (Tukey's multiple comparison test). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.	0.008^* * statistically significant (Tukey's multiple comparison test). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.	0.984	0.407
Maximum	Rooms	1.000
	External	0.063	0.033^* * statistically significant (Tukey's multiple comparison test). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.
	Food	<0.001^* * statistically significant (Tukey's multiple comparison test). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.	<0.001^* * statistically significant (Tukey's multiple comparison test). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.	0.748
	Support	0.120	0.077	1.000	0.639
Average	Rooms	0.934
	External	0.045^* * statistically significant (Tukey's multiple comparison test). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.	0.105
	Food	<0.001^* * statistically significant (Tukey's multiple comparison test). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.	<0.001^* * statistically significant (Tukey's multiple comparison test). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.	0.088
	Support	0.030^* * statistically significant (Tukey's multiple comparison test). Key: ADM = administrative rooms, nurse's room, corridors; Room = internal spaces for groups of children, class rooms; External = external spaces such as parks, outside areas and gardens; Food = canteens and similar areas; Support = laundries, kitchens and areas where milk is produced.	0.070	1.000	0.183

Types of hearing losses	N	%
Unilateral and Neurosensory losses for	15	42
the frequencies 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz
Neurosensory and bilateral losses for	11	31
the frequencies 3, 4 or 6 kHz
Conductive	4	11
Mixed	2	5
Others	4	11
Total	36	100

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[1] Collaborations

Regarding the contribution of each author, ML Bitar was responsible for the conception and design of the study, contributed substantially to the analysis and interpretation of data, critical review of the content and approval of the final version of the manuscript; LF Calaço Sobrinho participated in the data collect, analysis and interpretation of data and writing of the article; M Simões-Zenari contributed to the planning of data collection for the analysis and interpretation of data, critical review and preparation of the final version of the manuscript.