2001 |
Kraus et al.3434 Kraus MR, Schafer A, Csef H, Faller H, Mork H, Scheurlen M. Compliance with Therapy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Associations with Psychiatric Symptoms, Interpersonal Problems, and Mode of Acquisition. Dig Dis Sci 2001; 46(10):2060-2065. |
Cohort |
74 |
Germany |
To investigate psychiatric symptoms, interpersonal problems, different manners of contracting hepatitis C and sociodemographic factors as variables possibly associated with adherence |
Interferon (IFN)-a-2b with or without Ribavirin |
Attending to start treatment; attending follow-up; maintaining abstinence and not dropping out of treatment |
Predictors of non-adherence: phobic anxiety (p=0.04); depression (p=0.01); hostility (p<0.01); intrusiveness (p=0.01). |
2007 |
Sylvestre and Clements2929 Sylvestre DL, Clements BJ. Adherence to Hepatitis C treatment in recovering heroin users maintained on methadone. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 19(9):741-747. |
Cohort |
71 |
United States |
To evaluate hepatitis C treatment of heroin users in maintenance treatment with methadone |
Interferon (IFN)-a-2b + Ribavirin |
Combined method: self-reporting + medication dispensation records |
Predictors of non-adherence: regular substance use (p=0.03); pre-existing psychiatric disorder (p=0.04). Predictor of adherence: Starting psychiatric medication during treatment (p=0.02). Significant association between adherence and SVR |
2008 |
Martín-Santos et al.3535 Martin-Santos R, Diez-Quevedo C, Castellvi P, Navinés R, Miquel M, Masnou H, Soler A, Ardevol M, Garcia F, Galeras JA, Planas R, Sola R. De novo depression and anxiety disorders and influence on adherence during peginterferon-alpha-2a and ribavirin treatment in patients with hepatitis C. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27:257-265. |
Cohort |
176 |
Spain |
To investigate incidence of anxiety and depression, treatment of their symptoms and association with adherence to hepatitis C treatment |
Interferon (IFN)-a-2b + Ribavirin |
Took > 80% of the medication |
36% incidence of depressive and anxiety disorder; greater in first four weeks of treatment. Immigrants showed greater incidence of depressive and anxiety disorder than non-immigrants (p=0.005). Predictor of non-adherence: Depressive and anxiety disorder (p<0.04). |
2010 |
Melin et al.2121 Melin P, Choustermanc M, Fontangesd T, Ouzane D, Rotilyf M, Lang JP, Marcellin P, Cacoub P; CheObs Study Group. Effectiveness of chronic hepatitis C treatment in drug users in outine clinical practice: results of a prospective cohort study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 22(9):1050-1057. |
Multi-centre cohort |
1,860 |
France |
To investigate SVR, adherence and quality of life in chemical dependents and in patients with no history of dependence |
Interferon (IFN)-a-2b + Ribavirin |
Self-reporting |
Adherence, SVR and quality of life were similar in dependent and non-dependent patients. |
2011 |
Grebely et al.3333 Grebely J, Matthews GV, Hellard M, Shaw D, Beek IV, Petoumenos K, Alavi M, Yeung B, Haber PS, Lloyd AR, Kaldor JM, Dore GJ. Adherence to treatment for recently acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among injecting drug users. J Hepatol 2011; 55(1):76-85. |
Multi-centre cohort |
163 |
Australia |
To evaluate adherence to treatment in persons with a recent diagnosis of hepatitis C |
Interferon (IFN)-a-2b with or without Ribavirin |
PEG-IFN administration records |
Predictor of adherence: Schooling (having higher education) (p=0.02). |
2011 |
Marcellin et al.2020 Marcellin P, Chousterman M, Fontanges T, Ouzan D, Rotily M, Varastet M, Lang J-P, Melin P, Cacoub P. Adherence to treatment and quality of life during hepatitis C therapy: a prospective, real-life, observational study. Liver Int 2011; 31(4):516-524. |
Multi-centre cohort |
1,860 |
France |
To evaluate adherence to treatment, identify factors associated with, and coherence between, adherence reported by patient and doctor |
Interferon (IFN)-a-2b + Ribavirin |
Self-reporting by patient + self-reporting by doctor |
Self-reporting by patient and doctor disagreed, with doctors overestimating adherence by 20% to 30%. Predictors of adherence: virus genotype 3 (p=0.02); co-infection with HIV (p=0.003); first treatment (p=0.03); distance to referral centre (p=0.024); and abstinence during treatment (p<0.01). |
2011 |
Re et al.2626 Re VL, Teal V, Localio AR, Amorosa VK, Kaplan DE, Gross R. Relationship between adherence to hepatitis C virus therapy and virologic outcomes: a cohort study. Ann Med Intern Fenn Suppl 2011; 155(6):353-360. |
Retrospective cohort |
5,706 |
United States |
To evaluate the relationship between adherence and early virological response, changes in adherence in the course of treatment and risk factors for non-adherence |
Interferon (IFN)-a-2b + Ribavirin |
Medication dispensation records |
Early virological response was greater in patients with higher treatment adherence rates. Sustained virological response was greater in those with higher levels of adherence to interferon and ribavirin during the second, third and fourth adherence evaluation intervals for patients with genotypes 1 and 4. |
2011 |
Wagner et al.2222 Wagner G, Osilla KC, Garnett J, Ghosh-Dastidar B, Bhatti L, Goetz MB, Witt M. Patient Characteristics Associated with HCV Treatment Adherence, Treatment Completion, and Sustained Virologic Response in HIV Coinfected Patients. AIDS Res Treat 2011; 2011:903480. |
Cohort |
72 |
United States |
To evaluate HIV co-infected patients’ characteristics associated with adherence, conclusion of treatment and SVR |
Interferon (IFN)-a-2b + Ribavirin |
Self-reporting (analogical visual scale) |
Predictor of non-adherence:
Psychiatric disorder (p=0.04).
|
2015 |
Bonner et al.3131 Bonner JE, Esserman DA, Golin CE, Evon DM. Self-Efficacy and Adherence to Antiviral Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C. J Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 49:76-83. |
Multi-centre cohort |
401 |
United States |
To identify associations between patient characteristics and self-efficacy expectations, before and during treatment, and association between self-efficacy expectations and adherence to treatment |
Interferon (IFN)-a-2b + Ribavirin |
Electronic monitoring |
Self-efficacy expectations were associated with having a relationship, schooling, health insurance and being less depressed. More communication in week 24 reduced the risk of missing doses during weeks 24 to 48 of treatment. |
2013 |
Evon et al.3232 Evon DM, Esserman DA, Bonner JE, Rao T, Fried MW, Golin CE. Adherence to PEG/Ribavirin Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C: Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors of Missed Doses and Nonpersistence. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20(8):536-549. |
Cohort |
48 |
United States |
To identify patient characteristics associated with prevalence, missed doses and stopping treatment |
Interferon (IFN)-a-2b + Ribavirin |
Electronic monitoring |
Predictors of non-adherence: Age (being younger) (p<0.001); ethnicity (Afro-American) (p<0.001); unemployed (p<0.001); not being in a marital relationship (p=0.029). |
2013 |
Re et al.2525 Re VL, Teal V, Localio AR, Amorosa VK, Kaplan DE, Gross R. Adherence to Hepatitis C Virus Therapy in HIV/Hepatitis C Coinfected Patients. AIDS Behav 2013; 17(1):94-103. |
Retrospective cohort |
333 |
United States |
To examine for the presence of depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and methadone maintenance treatment for chemical dependency as possible barriers to adherence in patients co-infected with HIV |
Interferon (IFN)-a-2b + Ribavirin |
Medication dispensation records |
Predictor of non-adherence: Methadone treatment for dependency (p=0.04). |
2015 |
Batool and Kausar2323 Batool S, Kausar R. Health Related Behaviors and Medication Adherence in Patients with Hepatitis C. J Behav Sci 2015; 25(1):172-186. |
Cross-sectional |
100 |
Pakistan |
To examine changes in health-related behaviour before and after diagnosis and the relationship between these behaviours and adherence |
Not stated |
Self-reporting (Morisky scale) |
Predictors of adherence: healthy diet, change in eating behaviour (p<0.01). Predictor of non-adherence: fatigue (p<0.05). |
2017 |
Vieira-Castro and Oliveira2727 Vieira-Castro ACM, Oliveira LCM. Impact of alcohol consumption among patients in hepatitis C virus treatment. Arq Gastroenterol 2017; 54(3):232-237. |
Cross-sectional |
121 |
Brazil |
To evaluate the impact of alcohol consumption in patients in treatment for hepatitis C |
Interferon (IFN)-a-2b + Ribavirin |
Medication dispensation records |
Predictor of non-adherence: Discontinuance of treatment was greater among patients who consumed alcohol during treatment (66.7% vs. 21.4%) and among those who were not abstinent for at least 6 months (72.7% vs. 15.4%). |
2018 |
Cunningham et al.2828 Cunningham EB, Amina J, Feldc JJ, Bruneaud J, Dalgarde O, Powis J, Hellard M, Cooper C, Read P, Conway B, Dunlop AJ, Norton B, Litwin AH, Hajarizadeh B, Thurnheer MC, Dillon JF, Weltman M, Shaw D, Bruggmann P, Gane E, Fraser C, Marks P, Applegate TL, Quiene S, Siriragavan S, Matthews GV, Dore GJ, Grebely J, SIMPLIFY study group. Adherence to sofosbuvir and velpatasvir among people with chronic HCV infection and recent injection drug use: The SIMPLIFY study. Int J Drug Policy 2018; 62:14-23. |
Multi-centre cohort |
103 |
Australia |
To study the association between adherence to treatment and recent use of injected drugs |
Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir |
Combined method: electronic monitoring + pill count + self-reporting |
Predictor of non-adherence at baseline: Use of injected drugs (cocaine and amphetamines) in prior month (p=0.019). Predictors of non-adherence during treatment: non-abstinent (p=0.023); deviation from administration schedule (p<0.001). |
2019 |
Chehl et al.3636 Chehl N, Maheshwari A, Yoo H, Cook C, Zhang T, Brown S, Thuluvath PJ. HCV compliance and treatment success rates are higher with DAAs in structured HCV clinics compared to general hepatology clinics. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98(28):e16242. |
Retrospective cohort |
1,328 |
United States |
To ascertain whether adherence to treatment was greater among patients treated in an outpatient facility structured for hepatitis C than among those treated in a general hepatology clinic. |
Sofosbuvir, sofosbuvir/daclatasvir, sofosbuvir/ ledipasvir, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, sofosbuvir/simeprevir, elbasvir/grazoprevir or dasabuvir/ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir with or without ribavirin |
Show SVR |
Predictors of adherence: Patients in treatment in a service structured for hepatitis C displayed greater adherence to treatment than those in treatment in a general hepatology service (p<0001). Other findings: age (being older) (p=0.0001); being female (p=0.05). |
2014 |
North et al.3737 North CS, Devereaux R, Pollio DE, Hong BA, Jain MK. Patient perspectives on hepatitis C and its treatment. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 26(1):74-81. |
Qualitative |
48 |
United States |
To examine barriers and facilitators to hepatitis C treatment as perceived by patients |
Not stated |
Did not evaluate adherence |
Facilitators to treatment: Social support. Barriers to treatment: Stigma; not receiving appropriate information; problems communicating with the doctor; financial difficulties; logistical difficulties; the asymptomatic course of the disease; and undergoing difficult treatment with the possibility of not achieving the hoped-for response. |
2015 |
Evon et al.3838 Evon DM. Adherence During Antiviral Treatment Regimens forChronic Hepatitis C. A Qualitative Study of Patient-reported Facilitators and Barriers. J Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 49(5):41-50. |
Qualitative |
21 |
United States |
Perceptions of persons with hepatitis C about factors that facilitated or hindered adherence to treatment |
Interferon (IFN)-a-2b + Ribavirin or direct-acting antivirals with Interferon (IFN)-a-2b and Ribavirin |
Did not evaluate adherence |
Facilitators to adherence: More knowledge and information about the disease and the importance of adherence; internal locus of control; optimistic thinking; social motivators, particularly relationship with the doctor. Barriers to adherence: being busy at medication time; family responsibilities; work; changes in daily routine upset medication, particularly being far from home without the medications; time of going to sleep/waking up; adverse events, mostly nausea, led some intentionally to avoid taking the medication. |
2015 |
Sublette et al.3939 Sublette VA, Smith SK, George J, McCafferyd K, Douglas MW. The Hepatitis C treatment experience: patients' perceptions of the facilitators of and barriers to uptake, adherence and completion. Psychol Health 2015; 30(8):987-1004. |
Qualitative |
20 |
Australia |
Patients’ perceptions of factors that influenced their decisions to start, adhere to and conclude treatment |
Interferon (IFN)-a-2b + Ribavirin |
Did not evaluate adherence |
Starting treatment: Fear of death; stigma; shame. Facilitators to adherence: Social support; receiving personalised information and guidance with their neds and lifestyle. Barriers to adherence: Complexity of treatment; adverse events; lack of support social, stigma; limitations of health system. |
2017 |
Sublette et al.4040 Sublette VA, Smith SK, George J, McCaffery K, Douglas MW. Listening to both sides: A qualitative comparison between patients with hepatitis C and their healthcare professionals' perceptions of the facilitators and barriers to hepatitis C treatment adherence and completion. J Health Psychol 2017; 22(10):1300-1311. |
Qualitative |
40 |
Australia |
To compare and contrast the views of patients and health personnel as to facilitators and barriers to treatment |
Not stated |
Did not evaluate adherence |
Facilitators to adherence: Social support; communication between patient and health professional. Barriers to adherence: Stigma; difficulties in communicating between patient and health professional; limitations of health service. |
2018 |
Giordano et al.2424 Giordano NM, Brinn AJ, Garcia-Tsao G, Martino S. Patient Perspectives on Adherence to the New Hepatitis C Antiviral Medications: 'A New Lease on Life'. The Quali Report 2018; 23(1):184-203. |
Qualitative |
12 |
United States |
To explore the views of military veterans about facilitators to adherence to hepatitis C treatment |
Direct-acting antivirals - not specified |
Self-reporting (Morisky scale) |
Facilitators to adherence: Knowing about the pros and cons of the new treatment as compared with the former treatment; the new treatment’s offering realistic hope of cure; easier treatment; integrating the treatment into existing daily routines; developing behavioural strategies to manage adverse events from the treatment and treatment time; greater ability to manage adverse events; availability of medications; negative experience with the previous treatment; clear, honest communication with the doctor; good bonding with health personnel; trusting health personnel; social support; knowledge of value of medication and structure of health service. |
2019 |
Patel et al.3030 Patel K, Zickmund SL, Jones H, Reid A, Calgaro L, Otero A, Coppler T, Rogal SS. Determinants of Hepatitis C Treatment Adherence and Treatment Completion Among Veterans in the Direct Acting Antiviral Era. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64(10):3001-3012. |
Qualitative |
40 |
United States |
To identify barriers and facilitators to adherence to treatment with direct-acting antivirals |
Direct-acting antivirals - not specified |
Combined method: self-reporting + pill count |
Facilitators to adherence at pre-treatment interview: Possibility of incorporating the treatment into routine; high possibility of cure; trusting health personnel; feeling satisfied with the team; following guidance. Facilitators to adherence at post-treatment interview: Receiving positive results as to response to treatment and minimal adverse events. Barriers to adherence at pre-treatment interview: Unintentional forgetting; adverse events. Barriers to adherence at post-treatment interview: Difficulty in incorporating the treatment into routine; forgetting. |
2019 |
Skolnik et al.4141 Skolnik AA, Noska A, Yakovchenko V, Tsai J, Jones N, Gifford AL, McInnes DK. Experiences with interferon-free hepatitis C therapies: addressing barriers to adherence and optimizing treatment outcomes. BMC Health Serv Res2019; 19(1):91. |
Qualitative |
48 |
United States |
Health personnel’s and patients’ perceptions about factors that contribute to conclusion of treatment |
Direct-acting antivirals - not specified |
Did not evaluate adherence |
Facilitators Perceptions of current treatments and their side-effects as compared with prior experience; perception of improvement in symptoms attributed to starting the treatment; optimism in relation to SVR and/or possibility of improved health or longevity, so that they felt motivated to conclude the treatment; trusting health personnel, empathy, length of appointments and support from health personnel contributed to patients’ concluding the treatment; descriptions of consistent curative habits and routines that contributed to the treatment, including social support, calendars and other strategies for adhering to medications and appointments. All facilitators reported by health personnel were reported by patients. |