| Holloway et al., 2017.1414 Holloway IW, Winder TJ, Lea CH, Tan D, Boyd D, Novak D. Technology Use and Preferences for Mobile Phone-Based HIV Prevention and Treatment Among Black Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: Exploratory Research. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017; 5(4):e46.
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To understand MSM preferences for HIV prevention and treatment. |
Qualitative research |
The participants prefer health interventions that address privacy and confidentiality and functions that may address psychosocial health problems. |
| Mitchell et al., 2016.1515 Mitchell JW, Torres MB, Joe J, Danh T, Gass B, Horvath HJ. Formative Work to Develop a Tailored HIV Testing Smartphone App for Diverse, At-Risk, HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Focus Group Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2016; 4(4):e128.
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To get information for developing an app that encourages people to get tested for HIV. |
Formative research |
Men reported cost, safety, and efficiency as major reasons for influencing an app download. |
| Schnall et al., 2016.1616 Schnall R, Rojas M, Bakken S, Brown W, Carballo-Dieguez A, Carry M, Gelaude D, Mosley JP, Travers J. A user-centered model for designing consumer mobile health application (apps). J Biomed Inform 2016; 60:243-251.
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To explore the use of the Information Systems Research (ISR) framework as a guide to the design of an mHealth application. |
Formative research |
The study identified the barriers and facilities for using mHealth and the content and functional features to guide the development of future apps. |
| Evans et al., 2016.1717 Evans C, Turner K, Suggs LS, Occa A, Juma A, Blake H. Developing a mHealth intervention to promote uptake of HIV testing among African communities in the conditions: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:656.
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To develop an mHealth-based intervention to promote HIV testing. |
Qualitative research |
The results suggested that messages should: cover other STIs, be adapted and tailored from a trustworthy source, and focus on support and health benefits. |
| Sheoran et al., 2016.1818 Sheoran B, Silva CL, Lykens JE, Gamedze L, Williams S, Ford JV, Habel MA. YTH StreetConnect: Development and Usability of a Mobile App for Homeless and Unstably Housed Youth. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2016; 4(3):e82.
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To develop an app to support young homeless people without access to health for STI prevention. |
Formative research |
The app was well rated by the participants who suggested interface and icon improvements and the addition of a peer rating system. |
| LeGrand et al., 2016.1919 LeGrand S, Muessig KE, McNulty T, Soni K, Knudtson K, Lemann A, Nwoko N, Hightow-Weidman LB. Epic Allies: Development of a Gaming App to Improve Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Young HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men. JMIR Serious Games 2016; 4(1):e6.
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To develop an app for adherence to antiretroviral therapy in adolescents with HIV. |
Formative research |
The participants suggested the inclusion of medication reminders, therapy adherence reminders, educational modules, virtual interactions with other users, and gamification elements. |
| Levy et al., 2015.2020 Levy ME, Watson CC, Wilton L, Criss V, Kuo I, Glik SN, Brewer RA, Magnus M. Acceptability of a Mobile Smartphone Application Intervention to Improve Access to HIV Prevention and Care Services for Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in the District of Columbia. Digit Cult Educ 2015; 7(2):169-191.
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To assess the acceptability and perceptions regarding an intervention using an HIV prevention app. |
Formative research |
The participants' perceptions were generally favorable because they believed getting advice from a doctor on the social media was a reliable method. |
| Cordova et al., 2015.2121 Cordova D, Bauermeister JA, Fessler K, Delva J, Nelson A, Nurenberg R, Lua FM, Alers-Rojas F, Salas-Wright CP, Youth Leadership Council. A Community-Engaged Approach to Developing an mHealth HIV/STI and Drug Abuse Preventive Intervention for Primary Care: A Qualitative Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2015; 3(4):e106.
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To develop an app to prevent HIV/STIs and drug abuse in adolescents. |
Qualitative research |
Topics raised by the participants: 1 acceptability of the application, 2 inclusion of a risk assessment, 3 incorporation of HIV/STI and drug use content, 4 interactivity and 5 appearance. |
| Gkatzidou et al., 2015.2222 Gkatzidou V, Hone K, Sutcliffe L, Gibbs J, Sadiq ST, Szczepura A, Sonnenberg P, Estcourt C. User interface design for mobile-based sexual health interventions for young people: Design recommendations from a qualitative study on an online Chlamydia clinical care pathway. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2015; 15:72.
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To identify the design requirements for an app for Chlamydia. |
Formative research |
Four broad themes emerged: privacy and security, credibility, and user support. |
| Aliabadi et al., 2015.2323 Aliabadi N, Carballo-Dieguez A, Bakken S, Rojas M, Brown W, Carry M, Mosley JP, Gelaude D, Schnall R. Using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model to Guide the Development of an HIV Prevention Smartphone Application for High-Risk MSM. AIDS Educ Prev 2015; 27(6):522-237.
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To identify the content, features, and functions of an HIV prevention app for MSM. |
Formative research |
The participants identified the need for information related to HIV prevention: drug distribution centers, support groups and treatment information. |
| Broaddus et al., 2015.2424 Broaddus MR, Marsch LA. Risks and benefits of text message-delivered and small group-delivered sexual health interventions among African American women in the Midwestern U.S. Ethics Behav 2015; 25(2):146-168.
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To measure the participants' perceptions about the risks and benefits of a text message intervention for vulnerable people with STIs/HIV. |
Qualitative research |
The benefits of the intervention were: the convenience and ubiquity of text messages, which avoided negative judgments by group members and ensured privacy. |
| Swendeman et al., 2015.2525 Swendeman D, Ramanathan N, Baetscher L, Medich M, Scheffler A, Comulada WS, Estrin D. Smartphone self-monitoring to support self-management among people living with HIV: perceived benefits and theory of change from a mixed-methods randomized pilot study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 69(Supl. 1):S80-91.
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To develop a theoretical model for the potential benefits of self-monitoring and self-management of drug therapy adherence in people with HIV. |
Qualitative research |
Multiple self-monitoring functions can influence perceptions, motivations, and risk abilities to support the activation of behavioral states. |
| Goldenberg et al., 2014.2626 Goldenberg T, McDougal SJ, Sullivan PS, Stekler JD, Stephenson R. Preferences for a Mobile HIV Prevention App for Men Who Have Sex With Men. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2014; 2(4):e47.
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To understand the functionality, format, and design of an HIV prevention app. |
Qualitative research |
The app is comprehensive and incorporates innovative ideas for HIV prevention. |
| Muessig et al., 2013.2727 Muessig KE, Pike EC, Fowler B, LeGrand S, Parsons JT, Bull SS, Wilson PA, Wohl DA, Hightow-Weidman LB. Putting Prevention in Their Pockets: Developing Mobile Phone-Based HIV Interventions for Black Men Who Have Sex with Men. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2013; 27(4):211-222.
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To understand mobile phone standards among young people. |
Formative research |
HIV prevention apps should be useful and entertaining, confidential and interactive. |
| Chang et al., 2013.2828 Chang LW, Njie-Carr V, Kalenge S, Kelly JF, Bollinger RC, Alamo-Talisuna S. Perceptions and acceptability of mHealth interventions for improving patient care at a community-based HIV/AIDS clinic in Uganda: a mixed methods study. AIDS Care 2013; 25(7):874-880.
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To explore considerations of acceptability, feasibility and design of an intervention for people with HIV. |
Formative research |
The results included topics on current care challenges, perceived benefits from using mHealth, and acceptance of intervention. |
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Source: own construction.