Psychometric properties of a modified version of Brazilian household food insecurity measurement scale - Pró-Saúde study

Marques, Emanuele Souza; Oliveira, Aline Gaudard e Silva de; Faerstein, Eduardo

doi:10.1590/1413-81232021268.09182020

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 26 (08) • Aug 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021268.09182020 copy

Psychometric properties of a modified version of Brazilian household food insecurity measurement scale - Pró-Saúde study

Propriedades psicométricas de uma versão modificada da escala brasileira de insegurança alimentar - estudo de Pró-Saúde

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

We present results of initial steps of the psychometric evaluation of a proposed modified version of the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale aimed at assessing adults’ recall of food insecurity at age 12. Data were obtained through self-administered questionnaires from civil servants at university campuses in Rio de Janeiro, who participated in the first and fourth waves of the longitudinal Pró-Saúde Study. We evaluated test-retest reliability (n=58), internal consistency, factor structure, convergent, discriminant validity (n=3,253). Test-retest reliability kappa coefficients were above 0.65; Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.84. Factor loadings were above 0.800. The composite reliability was above 0.90. The square root values of the Average Variance Extracted were positive and statistically significant. Household food insecurity during childhood was strongly associated with larger family size and several sociodemographic conditions at age 12: female head of household, residence in rural area or small town, worse standard of living, and insufficient food due to lack of money. This initial evaluation suggests good performance. Further investigation should include additional psychometric properties and other population contexts.

Key words:
Food and Nutrition Security; Validity; Reliability; Questionnaires

Item	Weighted Kappa	Endorsement frequencies**
(a) Did not have a healthy and varied diet	0.809 (0.677; 0.944)	44.19
(b) Ate only a few types of food	0.821 (0.770; 0.936)	49.78
(c) Ate less than you felt you should	0.680 (0.614; 0.785)	32.08
(d) Skipped meal	0.660 (0.121; 0.867)	19.06
(e) Did not eat all day or have only one meal a day	0.647 (-0.092; 1.000)	11.48

Item	Scale’s α coefficient**	Coefficient α on excluding the item	Percent change on excluding the item	Item-rest correlations
(a) Did not have a healthy and varied diet		0.83	-0.02	0.63
(b) Ate only a few types of food		0.81	-0.04	0.72
(c) Ate less than you felt you should	0.84 (0.83)	0.78	-0.08	0.76
(d) Skipped meal		0.80	-0.05	0.71
(e) Did not eat all day or have only one meal a day		0.83	-0.02	0.61

Item	Model A	Model B
(a) Did not have a healthy and varied diet	0.898	0.800
(b) Ate only a few types of food	0.931	0.840
(c) Ate less than you felt you should	0.873	0.923
(d) Skipped meal	0.912	0.925
(e) Did not eat all day or have only one meal a day	0.906	0.911
Residual correlation (items a and b)	-	0.595
AVE (95%CI)	0.818 (0.802; 0.833)	0.777 (0.759; 0.795)
RMSEA** (95%CI)	0.148 (0.134; 0.162)	0.102 (0.087; 0.117)
CFI***	0.990	0.996
TLI****	0.980	0.991

Sociodemographic variables^a		Household food security^b (%)	Household food insecurity^b (%)	p
Number of children the mother had
	1 to 4	54.1	45.9	<0.001
	5 or more	31.5	68.5	<0.001
Head of household*
	Father	48.6	51.4	<0.001
	Mother/Other	33.0	67.0	<0.001
Place of residence*
	Capital/Big city	47.6	52.4	<0.001
	Small town/Rural area	33.9	66.1	<0.001
Family economic situation*
	Rich/Middle	67.7	32.3	<0.001
	Poor/Very poor	26.8	73.2	<0.001
Family standard of living*
	Better than now/Same as now	66.3	33.7	<0.001
	Worse than now	33.5	66.5	<0.001
Lack of food for lack of money*
	Yes, frequently/Yes, sometimes	10.7	89.3	<0.001
	Yes, rarely/No	48.7	51.3	<0.001

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[1] Collaborations

ES Marques and AGS Oliveira were responsible for the data analysis, conceiving and drafting the article, and the final critical review. E Faerstein was responsible for designing and coordinating the Pró-Saúde study, conceiving and drafting the article, and final critical review.