Nemoto et al. 55. Nemoto T, Operario D, Keatley J, Villegas D. Social context of HIV risk behaviours among male-to-female transgenders of colour. AIDS Care 2004; 16:724-35. (2004) |
USA |
Qualitative/ Focus groups |
48 transgender women |
Explore the social context of drug use and sexual behaviors placing transgender women at risk of HIV infection |
Transgender women |
1999-2000 |
9-A |
Melendez & Pinto 4444. Melendez RM, Pinto R. "It's really a hard life": love, gender and HIV risk among male-to- female transgender persons. Cult Health Sex 2007; 9:233-45. (2007) |
USA |
Qualitative/In-depth interview |
20 transgender women |
Examine how stigma and discrimination interact with gender roles to place transgender women at risk of HIV infection |
Transgender women |
2003 |
7-A |
Koken et al. 4545. Koken JA, Bimbi DS, Parsons JT. Experiences of familial acceptance-rejection among transwomen of color. J Fam Psychol 2009; 23:853-60. (2009) |
USA |
Qualitative/ Semi-structured interview |
20 transgender women |
Explore transgender women’s experiences with their parents and close family members and the relationship with their gender identity |
Black transgender women |
2007-2008 |
8-A |
Infante et al. 1212. Infante C, Sosa-Rubi SG, Cuadra SM. Sex work in Mexico: vulnerability of male, travesti, transgender and transsexual sex workers. Cult Health Sex 2009; 11:125-37. (2009) |
Mexico |
Qualitative/ Participant observation and in-depth interviews |
13 transvestites, transgender women, and transsexual women sex workers |
Describe the social context in which sex workers live, focusing on sexual identities, sexual practices, and vulnerability to HIV |
Transvestites, transgender women, transsexual women, and MSM sex workers |
2006-2007 |
7-A |
Estrada-Montoya & García-Becerra 4949. Estrada-Montoya JH, García-Becerra A. Reconfiguraciones de género y vulnerabilidad al VIH/Sida en mujeres transgénero en Colombia. Rev Gerenc Políticas Salud 2010; 9:90-102. (2010) |
Colombia |
Qualitative/ Interview |
18 transgender women |
Identify representative forms of portraying and imagining sexuality in the transgender community |
Transgender women |
Not reported |
8- A |
Chakrapani et al. 5757. Chakrapani V, Newman PA, Shunmugama M, Dubrow R. Barriers to free antiretroviral treatment access among kothi-identified men who have sex with men and aravanis (transgender women) in Chennai, India. AIDS Care 2011; 23:1687-94. (2011) |
India |
Qualitative/ Focus groups and interview |
17 transgender women (aravanis) |
Identify and understand barriers to free access to antiretrovirals and government treatment centers |
Transgender women (aravanis) and MSM |
2007 |
8-A |
Wilson et al. 5050. Wilson E, Pant SB, Comfort M, Ekstrand M. Stigma and HIV risk among Metis in Nepal. Cult Health Sex 2011; 13:253-66. (2011) |
Nepal |
Qualitative/In-depth interview |
14 transgender women (metis) |
Explore the social context of stigma among metis in Nepal to better understand the risk of HIV infection |
Transgender women (metis) |
Not reported |
9-A |
Logie et al. 6464. Logie CH, James L, Tharao W, Loutfy MR. HIV, gender, race, sexual orientation, and sex work: A qualitative study of intersectional stigma experienced by HIV-positive women in Ontario, Canada. PLoS Med 2011; 8:e1001124. (2011) |
Canada |
Qualitative/ Focus groups |
21 transgender women |
Understand strategies for confronting stigma among women living with HIV |
Transgender women with HIV, cis, lesbian, and bisexual women |
2009-2010 |
7-A |
Beattie et al. 6666. Beattie TSH, Bhattacharjee P, Suresh M, Isac S, Ramesh BM, Moses S. Personal, interpersonal and structural challenges to accessing HIV testing, treatment and care services among female sex workers, men who have sex with men and transgenders in Karnataka state, South India. J Epidemiol Community Health 2012; 66 Suppl 2:ii42-8. (2012) |
India |
Qualitative/ Focus groups |
6 transgender women (hijras) |
Understand barriers and identify solutions to improve the use of HIV services |
Transgender women (hijras), cis women sex workers, and MSM (kothis and double-deckers) |
2008 |
5-B |
Cuadra-Hernández et al. 5151. Cuadra-Hernández SM, Zarco-Mera A, Infante-Xibillé C, Caballero-García M. La organización de las poblaciones clave ligadas a la transmisión del VIH: una intervención para abatir el estigma; México, 2005-2009. Salud Colect 2012; 8:191-204. (2012) |
Mexico |
Qualitative/ Semi-structured interviews |
26 interviews with transgender women, gays, and other key populations (not specific) |
Analyze an intervention to decrease stigma |
Transgender women, gays, and other key populations |
2009-2010 |
7-A |
Logie et al. 6363. Logie CH, James LL, Tharao W, Loutfy MR. "We don't exist": a qualitative study of marginalization experienced by HIV-positive lesbian, bisexual, queer and transgender women in Toronto, Canada. J Int AIDS Soc 2012; 15:17392. (2012) |
Canada |
Qualitative/ Focus groups |
16 transgender women |
Explore challenges in daily life and experience with access to HIV services among LGBT women living with HIV |
Transgender women, cis, lesbians, gays, and bisexuals |
2009-2010 |
8-A |
Boyce et al. 5252. Boyce S, Barrington C, Bolanos JH, Arandi CG, Paz-Bailey G. Facilitating access to sexual health services for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender persons in Guatemala city. Sex Transm Infect 2012; 14:313-27. (2012) |
Guatemala |
Qualitative/ Interview |
8 transgender women |
Identify barriers to access to sexual health services |
Transgender women, MSM and others |
Not reported |
5-B |
Wilson et al. 5353. Wilson EC, Arayasirikul S, Johnson K. Access to HIV care and support services for african american transwomen living with HIV. Int J Transgend 2013; 14:182-95. (2013) |
USA |
Qualitative/ In-depth interview |
10 transgender women |
Identify barriers and facilities for care and support in services for African American transgender women |
African-American transgender women living with HIV |
Not reported |
9-A |
Rhodes et al. 5858. Rhodes SD, Alonzo J, Mann L, Downs M, Andrade M, Wilks C, et al. The ecology of sexual health of sexual minorities in Guatemala City. Health Promot Int 2015; 30:832-42. (2014) |
Guatemala |
Qualitative/ Focus groups and in-depth interview |
20 transgender women |
Explore risks for sexual health and HIV infection |
Transgender women, transsexual men, gays, and bisexuals |
Not reported |
9-A |
Sevelius et al. 6262. Sevelius JM, Patouhas E, Keatley JG, Mallory OJ. Barriers and facilitators to engagement and retention in care among transgender women living with human immunodeficiency virus. Ann Behav Med 2014; 47:5-16. (2015) |
USA |
Qualitative/ Focus groups and interview |
58 transgender women |
Examine the barriers and facilities for enrollment and retention in HIV services |
Transgender women living with HIV |
Not reported |
8-A |
Remien et al. 6565. Remien RH, Bauman LJ, Mantell JE, Tsoi B, Lopez-Rios J, Chhabra R, et al. Barriers and facilitators to engagement of vulnerable populations in HIV primary care in New York City. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 69 Suppl 1:S16-24. (2015) |
USA |
Qualitative/ In-depth interview |
20 transgender women |
Analyze barriers and facilities for enrollment in HIV care |
Transgender women living with HIV |
Not reported |
4-A |
Kaplan et al. 5656. Kaplan RL, Wagner GJ, Nehme S, Aunon F, Khouri D, Mokhbat J. Forms of safety and their impact on health: an exploration of HIV/AIDS-related risk and resilience among trans women in Lebanon. Health Care Women Int 2015; 36:917-35. (2015) |
Lebanon |
Qualitative/ Semi-structured interview |
10 transgender women |
Investigate risk behaviors in transgender women |
Transgender women |
2011 |
6-A |
Palazzolo et al. 5454. Palazzolo SL, Yamanis TJ, De Jesus M, Maguire-Marshall M, Barker SL. Documentation status as a contextual determinant of HIV risk among young transgender Latinas. LGBT Health 2016; 3:132-8. (2016) |
USA |
Qualitative/ In-depth interview |
8 transgender women |
Explore contextual factors that determine or mitigate vulnerability of Latina transgender women to HIV |
Latina or Hispanic transgender women |
2013 |
5-B |
Di Stefano et al. 6868. Di Stefano AS. HIV's syndemic links with mental health, substance use, and violence in an environment of stigma and disparities in Japan. Qual Health Res 2016; 26:877-94. (2016) |
Japan |
Qualitative/ Ethnography with participant observation, document search, and in-depth interviews |
3 transgender women |
Identify how HIV intersects with other social and health problems in Japan among transgender women and MSM |
Transgender women, MSM |
Not reported |
8-A |
Pollock et al. 5555. Pollock L, Silva-Santisteban A, Sevelius J, Salazar X. "You should build yourself up as a whole product": transgender female identity in Lima, Peru. Glob Public Health 2016; 11:981-93. (2016) |
Peru |
Qualitative/ Interview |
50 transgender women |
Explore the construction of gender identity and the personal and social contexts of transvestites to elucidate the social context of vulnerability to HIV |
Transvestites |
Not reported |
9-A |
Woodford et al. 5959. Woodford MR, Chakrapani V, Newman PA, Shunmugam M. Barriers and facilitators to voluntary HIV testing uptake among communities at high risk of HIV exposure in Chennai, India. Glob Public Health 2016; 11:363-79. (2016) |
India |
Qualitative/ Focus groups and interviews with key informants |
21 transgender women |
Identify barriers and facilities in access to HIV testing among communities with high risk of infection |
Transgender women and others |
Not reported |
6-A |
Gibson et al. 4646. Gibson BA, Brown S-E, Rutledge R, Wickersham JA, Kamarulzaman A, Altice FL. Gender identity, healthcare access, and risk reduction among Malaysia's mak nyah community. Glob Public Health 2016; 11:1010-25. (2016) |
Malaysia |
Qualitative/ Interview |
21 transgender women |
Understand how the identities of trans sex workers influence the patterns in use of health care and harm reduction behaviors |
Transgender women, sex workers, and others |
2013-2014 |
9-A |
Barrington et al. 6969. Barrington C, Knudston K, Alicia O, Bailey P, Aguilar JM, Loya-Montiel MI, et al. HIV diagnosis, linkage to care, and retention among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Guatemala City. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2016; 27:1745-60. (2016) |
Guatemala |
Qualitative/ Interview |
11 transgender women |
Describe factors that determine the time of diagnosis, linkage to services, and experiences of persons living with HIV |
Transgender women and others |
Not reported |
9-A |
Nemoto et al. 6161. Nemoto T, Cruz T, Iwamoto M, Trocki K, Perngparn U, Areesantichai C, et al. Examining the sociocultural context of HIV-related risk behaviors among kathoey (male-to-female transgender women) sex workers in Bangkok, Thailand. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2016; 27:153-65. (2016) |
Thailand |
Qualitative/ In-depth interview and focus groups |
24 transgender women |
Describe the sociocultural context of risk behaviors for HIV, exploring characteristics of sex work practices, social support, and role of karma
|
Transgender women |
2010-2011 |
9-A |
Ganju & Saggurti 4848. Ganju D, Saggurti N. Stigma, violence and HIV vulnerability among transgender persons in sex work in Maharashtra, India. Cult Health Sex 2017; 19:903-17. (2017) |
India |
Qualitative/ Interview |
68 transgender women |
Describe experiences of stigma and violence, and explore coping strategies |
Transgender women |
Not reported |
7-A |
Li et al. 6060. Li DH, Rawat S, Rhoton J, Patankar P, Ekstrand ML, Rosser BRS, et al. Harassment and violence among men who have sex with men (MSM) and hijras after reinstatement of India's "Sodomy Law". Sex Res Soc Policy 2017; 14:324-30. (2017) |
India |
Qualitative/ In-depth interview and focus groups. Quantitative/ Cross-sectional study |
11 hijras
|
Examine the experiences of victimization and harassment of MSM and hijras in the state of Maharashtra, especially after reinstatement of Indian Penal Code (Section 377) |
MSM and hijras/ transgender women |
2013-2014 |
6-A |
Perez-Brumer et al. 1515. Perez-Brumer AG, Reisner SL, McLean SA, Silva-Santisteban A, Huerta L, Mayer KH, et al. Leveraging social capital: multilevel stigma, associated HIV vulnerabilities, and social resilience strategies among transgender women in Lima, Peru. J Int AIDS Soc 2017; 20:21462. (2017) |
Peru |
Qualitative/ In-depth interview, and focus groups |
48 transgender women |
Assess intersections between social marginalization, multilevel stigma and vulnerability to HIV, and community resilience strategies used by transgender women to mobilize existing resources and link their communities to HIV services |
Transgender women |
2015 |
9-A |