¿El conocimiento de la contracepción de emergencia afecta a su uso entre adolescentes de enseñanza media en Brasil?

Chofakian, Christiane Borges do Nascimento; Borges, Ana Luiza Vilela; Sato, Ana Paula Sayuri; Alencar, Gizelton Pereira; Santos, Osmara Alves dos; Fujimori, Elizabeth

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ARTICLE • Cad. Saúde Pública 32 (01) • 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00188214 copiar

¿El conocimiento de la contracepción de emergencia afecta a su uso entre adolescentes de enseñanza media en Brasil?

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

El objetivo del estudio fue probar cómo el conocimiento sobre la anticoncepción de emergencia, durante la edad de iniciación sexual, tipo de escuela y conocer a alguien que ya usó métodos anticonceptivos de emergencia, influencia en el uso de este método. Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado con una muestra probabilística con estudiantes de 15-19 años matriculados en Enseñanza Media de escuelas públicas y privadas en una ciudad mediana del sudeste de Brasil (n = 307). Los datos se recogieron en 2011, a través de un cuestionario auto-administrado. Se usó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para el análisis de datos. Considerando la edad de iniciación sexual, y el tipo de escuela, el conocimiento de la anticoncepción de emergencia no fue asociado con su uso, no obstante, conocer a alguien que ya había usado el método mostró un efecto medio significativo en el uso de métodos anticonceptivos de emergencia. Parece que las conversaciones, respecto al uso de la anticoncepción de emergencia en las relaciones sociales, como el grupo de parejas, tiene mayor influencia sobre la utilización del método que el propio conocimiento, situación económica o experiencia sexual.

Anticoncepción Poscoital; Salud Sexual y Reproductiva; Salud del Adolescente

Variables	n	%
Gender
Male	138	44.9
Female	169	55.1
Age (years)
15-16	171	55.7
17-19	136	44.3
Type of school
Public	236	76.9
Private	71	23.1
Currently dating
No	159	51.6
Yes	148	48.4
Age of sexual initiation (years)
≤ 14	125	40.7
≥ 15	182	59.3
Knowledge of someone who had already used EC
No	73	23.7
Yes	234	76.3
Knowledge of EC
QA: EC should be used before intercourse
Correct answer	256	83.5
Incorrect answer	51	16.5
QB: EC prevents STDs
Correct answer	246	80.3
Incorrect answer	61	19.7
QC: If vomiting occurs within 2 hours after ingestion of EC, the dose should be repeated
Correct answer	68	22.1
Incorrect answer	239	77.9
QD: EC is more effective than other contraceptives (such as condoms, pill, IUD)
Correct answer	173	56.4
Incorrect answer	134	43.6
QE: EC is to be used within 5 days after unprotected intercourse
Correct answer	74	24.2
Incorrect answer	233	75.8
QF: EC can be used once a month
Correct answer	113	36.7
Incorrect answer	194	63.3
QG: EC is abortive
Correct answer	92	29.9
Incorrect answer	215	70.1
QH: EC should be used only during fertile period
Correct answer	137	44.5
Incorrect answer	170	55.5
QI: EC replaces the regular oral pill
Correct answer	131	42.7
Incorrect answer	176	57.3
QJ: When using EC, one is protected from getting pregnant until the next period
Correct answer	101	33.0
Incorrect answer	206	67.0
Previous EC use
No	130	42.3
Yes	177	57.7
Total	307	100.0

Confirmatory factor analysis	Complete model		Reduced model
Confirmatory factor analysis	λ	p-value	λ	p-value
QA: EC should be used before intercourse	0.663	< 0.001	0.663	< 0.001
QB: EC prevents STDs	0.764	< 0.001	0.779	< 0.001
QC: If vomiting occurs within 2 hours after ingestion of EC, the dose should be repeated	0.086	0.308
QD: EC is more effective than other contraceptives (such as condoms, pill, IUD)	0.480	< 0.001	0.475	< 0.001
QE: EC is to be used within 5 days after unprotected intercourse	0.189	0.019
QF: EC can be used once a month	0.462	< 0.001	0.438	< 0.001
QG: EC is abortive	0.333	< 0.001
QH: EC should be used only during fertile period	0.676	< 0.001	0.665	< 0.001
QI: EC replaces the regular oral pill	0.762	< 0.001	0.756	< 0.001
QJ: When using EC, one is protected from getting pregnant until the next period	0.611	< 0.001	0.630	< 0.001
RMSEA	0.046		0.069
CFI	0.952		0.954
TLI	0.938		0.930

Effects	Standardized coefficient	Standard error	p-value	OR	95%CI
Knowledge of EC by
QA: EC should be used before intercourse *	0.673	0.087	< 0.001
QB: EC prevents STDs	0.762	0.074	< 0.001
QD: EC is more effective than other contraceptives (such as condoms, pill, IUD)	0.462	0.076	< 0.001
QF: EC can be used once a month	0.439	0.076	< 0.001
QH: EC should be used only during fertile period	0.676	0.067	< 0.001
QI: EC replaces the regular oral pill	0.762	0.072	< 0.001
QJ: When using EC, one is protected from getting pregnant until the next period	0.651	0.074	< 0.001
Knowledge of EC
Type of school	0.282	0.055	< 0.001
Age of sexual initiation	0.140	0.066	0.032
Knowledge of someone who had already used EC	0.187	0.069	0.007
Age at sexual initiation
Type of school	0.181	0.041	< 0.001
Knowledge of someone who had already used EC	0.024	0.068	0.720
Use of EC
Knowledge of EC	0.129	0.089	0.150	1.17	0.95-1.44
Type of school	-0.093	0.065	0.151	0.64	0.35-1.18
Age of sexual initiation	-0.052	0.066	0.430	0.93	0.78-1.11
Knowledge of someone who had already used EC	0.379	0.061	< 0.001	5.93	3.15-11.18

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[1] Correspondence
C. B. N. Chofakian. Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 419, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brasil. christianeborges@gmail.com