Preservation effect of <i>Lippia citriodora</i> and <i>Laurus nobilis</i> nanoemulsions incorporated with polylactic acid composite film for rainbow trout fillet packaging

HOJATOLESLAMI, Mahsa; AHARI, Hamed; LARIJANI, Kambiz; SHARIFAN, Anousheh

doi:10.1590/fst.83921

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol 42 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.83921 copy

Preservation effect of Lippia citriodora and Laurus nobilis nanoemulsions incorporated with polylactic acid composite film for rainbow trout fillet packaging

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Abstract

The present study was conducted to characterize poly (lactic acid) ‐Lippia citriodora and Laurus nobilis essential oils (EOs) and Nanoemulsion-based films. Following Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and in vitro antimicrobial activity test, 12% of Nanoemulsions of both herbs were selected for further evaluations. Accordingly, Atomic Force Microscopy and Dynamic light scattering analysis showed that the scale sizes of Nanoemulsions of L. citriodora and L. nobilis were 24-60 and 15-28 nm, respectively with no significant changes in their PDI up to 90 d. The inhibition zone of both herbs against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus alongside MIC and MBC tests showed higher efficiency in their nanoemulsions. In conclusion, two types of incorporated PLA/L. citriodora films could effectively extend the shelf life of rainbow trout fillet at refrigerated temperatures.

Keywords:
essential oil; nanoemulsion; polylactic acid; rainbow trout; shelf life

1A:L. citriodora content	Composition (%)	Retention time (min)	Retention index (KI)
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	7.40	15.20	974.00
Sabinen	1.28	15.37	981.00
Limonene	9.40	16.74	1,045.00
3-Methyl-2-methyl-2-butenyl	0.73	17.95	1,102.00
α-Terpineol	1.87	20.26	1,209.00
Z-Citral (Neral)	18.63	21.17	1,252.00
E-Citral (Geranial)	21.19	21.77	1,280.00
Geranyl acetate	2.66	23.77	1,373.00
Trans-Caryophyllene	1.92	25.28	1,443.00
α-Curcumene	4.36	25.99	1,476.00
γ- Cadinene	1.62	26.83	1,516.00
Nerolidol	3.10	27.30	1,537.00
Spathulenol	10.56	27.98	1,569.00
caryophyllene oxide	6.72	28.10	1,575.00
δ-Cadinene	2.77	28.89	1,612.00

1B: L. nobilis content	Composition (%)	Retention time (min)	Retention index (KI)
Alpha. Thujene	0.66	14.28	930.00
Alpha. Pinene	5.23	14.52	942.00
Camphene	0.51	14.88	958.00
Sabinene	7.99	15.39	982.00
Beta. Pinene	5.05	15.57	991.00
Para Cymene	1.22	16.50	1,034.00
1,8-Cineole	33.88	16.82	1,049.00
Gama. Terpinene	0.92	17.34	1,073.00
Cis- Sabinene hydrate	0.88	17.52	1,082.00
Linalool	4.12	18.11	1,109.00
Trans- Sabinene hydrate	0.72	18.23	1,115.00
Terpenene-1-ol	0.69	18.77	1,140.00
Trans- Pinocarveol	1.29	19.22	1,161.00
3-Cyclohexen	1.03	19.68	1,182.00
Terpinen-4-ol	4.94	20.04	1,199.00
Alpha. Terpineol	3.16	20.24	1,208.00
Beta. Myrcene	0.44	20.89	1,239.00
Thymol	1.96	22.14	1,297.00
Phenol	0.85	22.36	1,307.00
Alpha. Terpinyl	15.50	23.49	1,350.00
Eugenol	3.22	24.05	1,366.00
1,2-Benzenedi Carboxylic acid	1.38	24.58	1,411.00
Caryophyllene Oxide	1.27	28.04	1,426.00
Beta. Eudesmol	0.62	29.17	1,525.00

EO	D	Particle size (nm)	PDI
L. citriodora	1	24.80 ± 0.10^a	0.37^a
	3	26.30 ± 0.25^a	0.39^a
	7	28.60 ± 0.55^a	0.40^a
	14	36.70 ± 0.45^b	0.40^a
	90	60.80 ± 1.07^c	0.39^a
L. nobilis	1	15.50 ± 0.10^a	0.39^a
	3	16.80 ± 0.10^a	0.40^a
	7	19.60 ± 0.10^b	0.41^a
	14	21.60 ± 0.05^b	0.42^a
	90	28.30 ± 0.20^c	0.44^a

Test	Coatings	E. coli	Ψ(µg/mL)	S. aureus	Ψ(µg/mL)	P. aeruginosa	Ψ(µg/mL)	Salmonella spp.	Ψ(µg/mL)
MIC 48 h	EO of L. citriodora	0.39 ± 0.05	0.39 ^Aa	1.56 ± 0.05	1.56 ^Ab	1.56 ± 0.05	1.56 ^Ab	0.78 ± 0.05	0.78 ^Ac
	Nanoem. L. citriodora 12%	0.78 ± 0.05	0.09 ^Ba	1.56 ± 0.05	0.19 ^Bb	6.25 ± 0.05	0.75 ^Bc	1.56 ± 0.05	0.19 ^Bb
	EO of Laurus nobilis	1.56 ± 0.05	1.56 ^Ca	6.25 ± 0.05	6.25 ^Cb	6.25 ± 0.05	6.25 ^Cb	3.13 ± 0.05	3.13 ^Cc
	Nanoem. L. nobilis 12%	1.56 ± 0.05	0.19 ^Da	3.13 ± 0.05	0.38 ^Db	25.00 ± 0.05	3 ^Dc	6.25 ± 0.05	0.75 ^Ad
MBC 48 h	EO of L. citriodora	0.78 ± 0.04	0.78 ^Aa	1.56 ± 0.04	1.56 ^Ab	1.57 ± 0.04	1.57 ^Ab	0.78 ± 0.04	0.78 ^Aa
	Nanoem. L. citriodora 12%	0.78 ± 0.04	0.07 ^Ba	1.57 ± 0.04	0.19 ^Bb	12.50 ± 0.04	1.5 ^Ac	1.57 ± 0.04	0.19 ^Bb
	EO of Laurus nobilis	1.57 ± 0.04	1.57 ^Ca	6.33 ± 0.04	6.33 ^Cb	6.33 ± 0.04	6.33 ^Cb	3.13 ± 0.04	3.13 ^Cc
	Nanoem. L. nobilis 12%	1.57 ± 0.04	0.19 ^Da	3.13 ± 0.04	0.38 ^Db	25.00 ± 0.04	3 ^Dc	12.50 ± 0.04	1.5 ^Dd

Disk	E. coli	Ƌ (mm/µL)	S. aureus	Ƌ(mm/µL)
EO L. citriodora	29.12 ± 0.02^aA	0.12 ^Aa	30.65 ± 0.02^aA	0.12 ^Aa
Nanoem. L. citriodora 12%	19.46 ± 0.02^aB	0.64 ^Ba	20.79 ± 0.02^aB	0.70 ^Ba
EO Laurus nobilis	26.40 ± 0.02^aA	0.10 ^Aa	30.43 ± 0.02^bA	0.12 ^Aa
Nanoem. L. nobilis 12%	15.96 ± 0.02^aB	0.53 ^Ca	16.14 ± 0.02^aC	0.53 ^Ca
gentamicin	18.10 ± 0.02^aB	1.81 mm/µg ^Da	22.41 ± 0.02^bB	2.24 mm/µg ^Db
Neomycin	17.11 ± 0.02^bB	0.57 mm/µg ^Ca	21.39 ± 0.02^aB	0.71 mm/µg ^Bb

Coatings	D	S. aureus	E. coli	P. aeruginosa
Control	1	3.00 ± 0.00^aA	nd	<2.0
	3	3.11 ± 0.00^aA	<1.0	<2.0
	7	2.89 ± 0.00^aA	<1.0	<2.0
L.C. EO	1	2.30 ± 0.00^aA	<1.0	<2.0
	3	2.30 ± 0.01^aB	<1.0	<2.0
	7	2.30 ± 0.00^aB	<1.0	<2.0
L.C. Nanoemulsion	1	2.46 ± 0.00^aA	<1.0	<2.0
	3	2.30 ± 0.01^aB	<1.0	<2.0
	7	1.99 ± 0.00^aB	<1.0	<2.0
L.N. EO	1	2.46 ± 0.00^aA	<1.0	<2.0
	3	2.30 ± 0.01^aB	<1.0	<2.0
	7	1.99 ± 0.00^aB	<1.0	<2.0
L.N. Nanoemulsion	1	2.46 ± 0.00^aA	<1.0	<2.0
L.N. Nanoemulsion	3	2.30 ± 0.01^aB	<1.0	<2.0
	7	1.99 ± 0.00^aB	<1.0	<2.0
PLA	1	2.45 ± 0.00^aA	nd	<2.0
	3	1.92 ± 0.01^bB	<1.0	<3.0
	7	1.80 ± 0.00^bB	<1.0	<2.0
PLA/ L.C. EO	1	2.64 ± 0.00^aA	nd	<2.0
	3	2.75 ± 0.01^aAB	nd	<2.0
	7	2.18 ± 0.00^aB	<1.0	<2.0
PLA/L.C. Nanoemulsion	1	2.54 ± 0.00^aA	nd	<2.0
	3	2.25 ± 0.01^aB	nd	<2.0
	7	1.68 ± 0.00^bB	<1.0	<2.0
PLA/ L.N. EO	1	2.64 ± 0.00^aA	nd	<2.0
	3	2.17 ± 0.01^aB	nd	<2.0
	7	1.73 ± 0.00^bB	<1	<2.0
PLA/L.N. Nanoemulsion	1	2.50 ± 0.00^aA	nd	<2.0
PLA/L.N. Nanoemulsion	3	2.56 ± 0.01^aB	nd	<2.0
	7	2.25 ± 0.00^aB	<1.0	<2.0

Coatings	1	3	7
Control	4.38 ± 0.00^aA	4.55 ± 0.01^aA	6.53 ± 0.00^bA
EO L. citriodora	4.37 ± 0.00^aA	4.11 ± 0.01^aA	6.10 ± 0.00^bB
Nanoem. L. citriodora	4.55 ± 0.00^aA	4.23 ± 0.01^aA	6.04 ± 0.00^bB
E.O. Laurus nobilis	4.27 ± 0.00^aA	3.60 ± 0.01^bB	5.90 ± 0.00^cB
Nanoem. L. nobilis	4.35 ± 0.00^aA	4.18 ± 0.01^aA	6.28 ± 0.00^bAB
PLA	4.62 ± 0.00^aA	4.25 ± 0.00^aA	6.34 ± 0.00^bAB
PLA EO L. citriodora	3.89 ± 0.00^aB	4.72 ± 0.01^bA	5.49 ± 0.00^cB
PLA Nanoem. L. citriodora	4.04 ± 0.00^aB	3.28 ± 0.01^bB	4.95 ± 0.00^cC
PLA EO Laurus nobilis	3.85 ± 0.00^aB	3.66 ± 0.00^aB	4.82 ± 0.00^bC
PLA Nanoem. L. nobilis	4.07 ± 0.00^aB	3.48 ± 0.00^aB	4.72 ± 0.00^bC

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[1] *Corresponding author: Dr.h.ahari@gmail.com