DECENTRALIZATION |
Abrucio, 1998ABRUCIO, Fernando. (1998), Os barões da federação: os governadores e a redemocratização brasileira. São Paulo: Hucitec.
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Democratization |
State governments |
Governor’s influence over deputies at the national congress; Low checks and balances on the powers of the governors |
Arretche, 2004ARRETCHE, Marta. (2004), “Federalismo e políticas sociais no Brasil: problemas de coordenação e autonomia”. Revista São Paulo em Perspectiva, vol. 18, no2, pp. 17-26.
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Social policy autonomy of subnational governments (especially in the health sector) |
Federal, state and municipal governments |
Different capacity of subnational governments to exercise social policy autonomy |
Cheibub. Figueiredo and Limongi, 2009CHEIBUB, José Antônio; FIGUEIREDO, Argelina; LIMONGI, Fernando. (2009), “Political parties and governors as determinant of legislative behavior in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies, 1988-2006”. Latin American Politics and Society, vol. 51, no1, pp. 1-30.
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Institutional powers of the executive branch of states |
Federal and state governments, national congress |
The powers of the governors and local political elites are limited by the centralized legislative procedures of the national congress and the agenda power of the national executive |
Falleti, 2005FALLETI, Tulia. (2005), “A sequential theory of decentralization: Latin American cases in comparative perspective”. American Political Science Review, vol. 99, no3, pp. 327-346.
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Decentralization sequence: fiscal decentralization occurring before administrative decentralization |
Federal and state governments, national congress |
Temporal sequence of law approval |
Rodden, 2006RODDEN, Jonathan A. (2006), Hamilton’s paradox: the promise and peril of fiscal federalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Inherently divided sovereignty of economic unions |
Federal and subnational governments |
Subnational fiscal deficits, federal bailouts, fiscal discipline, degree of subnational fiscal autonomy and dependence on the federal government |
DECENTRALIZATION |
Samuels and Abrucio, 2000SAMUELS, David; ABRUCIO, Fernando Luis. (2000), “Federalism and democratic transitions: the ‘new’ politics of the governors in Brazil”. Publius, vol. 30, no2, pp. 46-61.
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Subnational actor’s power over democratization |
Subnational governments |
Constitution drafting, fiscal autonomy of subnational governments, and nonconcurrent subnational elections |
Souza, 1998SOUZA, Celina. (1998), “Intermediação de interesses regionais no Brasil: o impacto do federalismo e da descentralização”. DADOS – Revista de Ciências Sociais, vol. 41, no3, pp. 569-592. , 2001SOUZA, Celina. (2001), “Federalismo e descentralização na Constituição de 1988: processo decisório, conflitos e alianças”. DADOS – Revista de Ciências Sociais, vol. 44, no3, pp. 513-560.
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Democratization |
National congress, central and subnational governments |
Constitution drafting, separation between political and fiscal powers |
Montero, 2001MONTERO, Alfred. (2001), “After decentralization: patterns of intergovernmental conflict in Argentina, Brazil, Spain, and Mexico”. Publius, vol. 31, pp. 43-64.
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Vertical intergovernmental conflict |
Federal and subnational governments |
Pace of decentralization, macroeconomic crises, vertical coordination |
CENTRALIZATION |
Almeida, 2005ALMEIDA, Maria Hermínia Tavares. (2005), “Recentralizando a Federação?”. Revista de Sociologia e Política, no24, pp. 29-40.
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Effort to increase federal policy effectiveness |
Federal government |
Centralizing fiscal and social policies in a context of cooperative federalism |
Abrucio, 2005ABRUCIO, Fernando. (2005), “A coordenação federativa no Brasil: a experiência do período FHC e os desafios do governo Lula”. Revista de Sociologia e Política, no24, pp. 41-67.
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Attempt of the federal government to increase policy coordination |
Federal government under the Fernando Henrique Cardoso administration |
Monitoring and evaluation of subnational governments, increase of regulatory powers of federal government, creation of intergovernmental coordination fora |
Arretche, 2007ARRETCHE, Marta. (2007), “The veto power of sub-national government in Brazil: political institutions and parliamentary behaviour in the post-1988 period”. Brazilian Political Science Review, no2, pp. 40-73. , 2009ARRETCHE, Marta. (2009), “Continuidades e descontinuidades da federação brasileira: de como 1988 facilitou 1995”. DADOS – Revista de Ciências Sociais, vol. 52, no2, pp. 377-423. , 2012ARRETCHE, Marta. (2012), Democracia, centralização e federalismo no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: FGV/ Fiocruz. , 2013ARRETCHE, Marta. (2013), “Demos-constraining or demos-enabling federalism? political institutions and policy change in Brazil”. Journal of Politics in Latin America, vol. 5, no2, pp. 133-150.
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Legislation at the national congress, limited veto-powers of subnational governments |
Members of parliament |
National executive, legislative branches and other federal institutions |
Dickovich, 2007 |
Desire of the federal government to diminish the influence of governors |
Federal and municipal governments |
National executive and legislative branches |
CENTRALIZATION |
Fenwick, 2009FENWICK, Tracy Beck. (2009), “Avoiding governors: the success of Bolsa Família”. Latin American Research Review, vol. 44, no1, pp. 102-131.
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Desire of the federal government to diminish the influence of governors |
Federal and municipal governments, policy actors |
Social assistance policies, partnership federal-local governments |
Melo, 2005MELO, Marcus. (2005), “O sucesso inesperado das reformas de segunda geração: federalismo, reformas constitucionais e política Social”. DADOS – Revista de Ciências Sociais, vol. 48, no4, pp. 845-889.
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Pursuit of macroeconomic stability |
Presidents |
National executive branch |
Palotti and Machado, 2014PALOTTI, Pedro L. de Moura; MACHADO, José Angelo. (2014), “Coordenação federativa e a ‘armadilhada decisão conjunta’: as comissões de articulação intergovernamental das políticas sociais no Brasil”. DADOS – Revista de Ciências Sociais, vol. 46, no4, pp. 399-441.
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Attempt to improve federal coordination in the educational, health and social policy areas |
Federal government |
Intergovernmental coordinating forums, incomplete federal pact |
Rich and Gómez, 2012RICH, Jessica A.; GÓMEZ, Eduardo J. (2012), “Centralizing decentralized governance in Brazil”. Publius, vol. 42, no4, pp. 636-661.
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Policy efficiency in the health sector |
Federal government |
Expansion of regulatory capacity of the federal government |
Sugiyama, 2011SUGIYAMA, Natasha Borges. (2011), “Bottom-up policy diffusion: national emulation of a conditional cash transfer program in Brazil”. Publius, vol. 43, no1, pp. 25-51.
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Social policy diffusion |
Federal and municipal governments |
Vertical and horizontal intergovernmental institutions |