Psychometric evaluation of the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery: Indonesian version

Fitri, Fasihah Irfani; Nazriani, Dina; Dachi, Octaviasari Agatha; Nitrini, Ricardo; Caramelli, Paulo

doi:10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0250

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Original Article • Dement. neuropsychol. 19 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0250 linkcopy

Psychometric evaluation of the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery: Indonesian version

Avaliação psicométrica da Bateria Breve de Rastreio Cognitivo: versão Indonésia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT.

Dementia is a significant public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Indonesia, where underdiagnosis is common.

Objective: To investigate the psychometric properties of the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery – Indonesian Version (BCSB-INA), a culturally-adapted tool aimed at improving the early detection of dementia.

Methods: The tool was tested on a sample of 140 older adults, covering various cognitive domains through multiple subscales. Data were analyzed using bootstrap resampling, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and reliability assessments such as Cronbach's Alpha.

Results: The overall reliability, measured by Cronbach's Alpha, was high (α=0.968). The KMO test yielded a value of 0.889, indicating sample adequacy for factor analysis. The CFA indicated that most dimensions achieved satisfactory validity, with the majority of items demonstrating acceptable factor loadings.

Conclusions: BCSB-INA has demonstrated good reliability and validity throughout its dimensions, suggesting its applicability for use in cognitive assessments in the Indonesian context.

Keywords:
Cognition; Dementia; Indonesia; Psychometrics

Characteristic		Mean (SD)	n	(%)
Age (years)		67.21 (7.61)
Sex	Men		74	(52.9)
Sex	Women		66	(47.1)
Level of education	Did not attend school		1	(0.7)
	Elementary school		17	(12.1)
	Junior high school		19	(13.6)
	Senior high school		35	(25.0)
	University		68	(48.6)
Occupational status	Unemployed/housewife/retired		99	(70.7)
	Employed		12	(8.6)
	Self-employed		29	(20.7)

Domains and Items		Corrected item–total correlation	Mean	SD	Cronbach's alpha	Cronbach's alpha if the item was deleted
Naming	Nm1	0.886	9.24	2.278	0.959	0.953
	Nm2	0.825				0.955
	Nm3	0.825				0.955
	Nm4	0.902				0.953
	Nm5	0.825				0.955
	Nm6	0.840				0.954
	Nm7	0.702				0.962
	Nm8	0.885				0.953
	Nm9	0.855				0.954
	Nm10	0.744				0.959
Incidental memory	Inc_M1	0.273	4.21	2.294	0.651	0.634
	Inc_M2	0.420				0.604
	Inc_M3	0.400				0.607
	Inc_M4	0.226				0.643
	Inc_M5	0.082				0.674
	Inc_M6	0.263				0.637
	Inc_M7	0.300				0.630
	Inc_M8	0.299				0.630
	Inc_M9	0.394				0.609
	Inc_M10	0.502				0.586
Immediate memory	Imd_M1	0.453	6.19	2.840	0.804	0.789
	Imd_M2	0.680				0.767
	Imd_M3	0.667				0.766
	Imd_M4	0.304				0.807
	Imd_M5	0.451				0.790
	Imd_M6	0.448				0.790
	Imd_M7	0.543				0.779
	Imd_M8	0.379				0.798
	Imd_M9	0.447				0.790
	Imd_M10	0.480				0.786
Learning	Ln1	0.626	6.90	3.038	0.861	0.844
	Ln2	0.641				0.842
	Ln3	0.619				0.844
	Ln4	0.523				0.852
	Ln5	0.612				0.844
	Ln6	0.558				0.849
	Ln7	0.456				0.857
	Ln8	0.497				0.854
	Ln9	0.571				0.847
	Ln10	0.636				0.842
Delayed recall	Dly_R1	0.662	5.91	3.511	0.898	0.887
	Dly_R2	0.648				0.888
	Dly_R3	0.677				0.886
	Dly_R4	0.656				0.888
	Dly_R5	0.655				0.888
	Dly_R6	0.582				0.893
	Dly_R7	0.666				0.887
	Dly_R8	0.642				0.889
	Dly_R9	0.581				0.893
	Dly_R10	0.698				0.885
Recognition	Rn1	0.787	8.94	2.685	0.964	0.962
	Rn2	0.857				0.959
	Rn3	0.875				0.958
	Rn4	0.829				0.960
	Rn5	0.881				0.958
	Rn6	0.842				0.960
	Rn7	0.870				0.958
	Rn8	0.881				0.958
	Rn9	0.801				0.961
	Rn10	0.739				0.964
Total score (60 items)			41.38	14.742	0.968

	Naming	Incidental memory	Immediate memory	Learning	Delayed recall	Recognition
Visuospatial/executive	r=0.478	r=0.498	r=0.550	r=0.561	r=0.495	r=0.395
Visuospatial/executive	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000
Naming	r=0.657	r=0.518	r=0.565	r=0.587	r=0.550	r=0.523
Naming	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000
Attention	r=0.570	r=0.537	r=0.625	r=0.609	r=0.525	r=0.483
Attention	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000
Language	r=0.447	r=0.438	r=0.521	r=0.536	r=0.490	r=0.418
Language	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000
Abstraction	r=0.405	r=0.498	r=0.496	r=0.505	r=0.479	r=0.277
Abstraction	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.001
Delayed recall	r=0.212	r=0.379	r=0.390	r=0.381	r=0.407	r=0.245
Delayed recall	p=0.012	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.004
Orientation	r=0.617	r=0.757	r=0.810	r=0.818	r=0.811	r=0.623
Orientation	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000	p=0.000

Item	1	2	3	4	5	6
Nm1	0.894
Nm2	0.859
Nm3	0.850
Nm4	0.936
Nm5	0.841
Nm6	0.858
Nm7	0.702
Nm8	0.920
Nm9	0.875
Nm10	0.747
Imd_M1		0.519
Imd_M2		0.716
Imd_M3		0.676
Imd_M4		0.491
Imd_M5		0.508
Imd_M6		0.540
Imd_M7		0.642
Imd_M8		0.465
Imd_M9		0.464
Imd_M10		0.537
Dly_R1			0.678
Dly_R2			0.705
Dly_R3			0.704
Dly_R4			0.700
Dly_R5			0.757
Dly_R6			0.619
Dly_R7			0.690
Dly_R8			0.636
Dly_R9			0.605
Dly_R10			0.742
Inc_M1				0.324
Inc_M2				0.526
Inc_M3				0.542
Inc_M4				0.254
Inc_M5				0.304
Inc_M6				0.383
Inc_M7				0.426
Inc_M8				0.320
Inc_M9				0.439
Inc_M10				0.513
Ln1					0.628
Ln2					0.663
Ln3					0.672
Ln4					0.568
Ln5					0.666
Ln6					0.630
Ln7					0.559
Ln8					0.577
Ln9					0.652
Ln10					0.647
Rn1						0.818
Rn2						0.885
Rn3						0.901
Rn4						0.831
Rn5						0.895
Rn6						0.858
Rn7						0.882
Rn8						0.895
Rn9						0.816
Rn10						0.757

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Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurologia Cognitiva e Envelhecimento R. Vergueiro, 1353 sl.1404 - Ed. Top Towers Offices, Torre Norte, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, CEP 04101-000, Tel.: +55 11 5084-9463 | +55 11 5083-3876 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistadementia@abneuro.org.br | demneuropsy@uol.com.br

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[TFN1] Abbreviation: r, correlation coefficient; p, p-value.