THIS ARTICLE argues that Lefebvre (1970) and Kayser (1972, 1990) were both mistaken about the destiny of rurality. Empirical evidences from Italy do not confirm extreme conjectures on "complete urbanization" or "rural renaissance". And a kind of hermeneutics of these two hypothesis helps to build upon a third which intends to surpass them.
Rurality; Rural development; Urbanization; Counter urbanization; Henri Lefebvre; Bernard Kayser