EFFECT OF AUDITORY ENRICHMENT (MUSIC) IN PREGNANT SOWS WELFARE

Silva, Flávia R. S.; Miranda, Késia O. da S.; Piedade, Sônia M. de S.; Salgado, Douglas D'Alessandro

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v37n2p215-225/2017

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Scientific Paper, Agricultural Building and Environment • Eng. agríc. 37 (02) • Mar-Apr 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v37n2p215-225/2017 copy

EFFECT OF AUDITORY ENRICHMENT (MUSIC) IN PREGNANT SOWS WELFARE

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Studies have shown that the benefits from music can improve the welfare conditions of laboratory, pet and production animals. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of music (Antonio Lucio Vivaldi compositions) on behavior aspects (position, activity, stereotypes, social and agonistic behavior) and physiological responses (respiratory rate and rectal temperature) in gestating sows in individual cages (stage 1), and collective stalls (stage 2). 28 animals were studied, 14 belonged to music group, and 14 to the control group (without music).The respiratory rate had the lowest averages in the group with music, for example, in stage 1, time 1, values of 19.28 and 21.50 mov.min⁻¹. In stage 2, the values found in the same time were 20.36 and 24.16, and in time 2, values of 24.37 and 27.18 mov.min⁻¹. These findings follow in stage 2 until time 4.Behaviors position, activity, stereotypes and agonistic interaction with the researcher were also influenced by the music. We concluded from the results that music influenced the behavior of animals, providing greater relaxing and reduce stereotypes aspects related to a better welfare.

KEYWORDS:
animal behavior; physiological parameters; sound stimuli stereotypes

Class	Behavior	Description
Posture	Lying ⁽¹ (1) Individual cages ^,² (2) collective stalls ⁾	Ventral or laterally lying
	Standing ⁽¹ (1) Individual cages ^,² (2) collective stalls ⁾	In the standing position
	Sitting ⁽¹ (1) Individual cages ^,² (2) collective stalls ⁾	In the sitting position
	Inactive ⁽¹ (1) Individual cages ^,² (2) collective stalls ⁾	Animal lying down or sitting with closed eyes.
Activity	Alert ⁽¹ (1) Individual cages ^,² (2) collective stalls ⁾	Animal is open-eyed with no manifestation of activities and behaviors.
	Drinking⁽¹ (1) Individual cages ^,² (2) collective stalls ⁾	Drinking water in the drinking fountain or water accumulated in the feeder
	Sniffing ⁽¹ (1) Individual cages ^,² (2) collective stalls ⁾	Sniffing the floor or other component of the cage/stall.
Agonistic behavior	Interacting negatively with other animals⁽²⁾ (2) collective stalls	Interacting negatively, aggressively with neighboring animals, from the same stall or researcher (including pushing, pursuing, threatening and biting).
Social behavior	Positively interacting with other animals ⁽²⁾ (2) collective stalls	Positively interacting with neighboring animals, from the same stall (including nibbling, sniffing and licking parts of the body).
Stereotyped behavior	Looking/licking ⁽¹ (1) Individual cages ^,² (2) collective stalls ⁾	Looking/licking floor, bar or feeder in the absence of substrate.
	Bars/grids⁽¹ (1) Individual cages ^,² (2) collective stalls ⁾	Repeatedly biting the bars of the cages or grids of the stall gate.
	False chewing ⁽¹ (1) Individual cages ^,² (2) collective stalls ⁾	Movement of the tongue repetitively, presenting chewing movement without the presence of food.
	Opening and closing the mouth ⁽¹ (1) Individual cages ^,² (2) collective stalls ⁾	Opening and closing the mouth repeatedly.
	Gritting the teeth ⁽¹ (1) Individual cages ^,² (2) collective stalls ⁾	Emitting sound and performing compatible movement to grit the teeth.

Treat.	Stages	DAY	Dbt (°C)	RH (%)	H (kJ.kg⁻¹)	THI
WM	1	BE	24.96±1.40	49.78±8.38	67.47±6.36	71.65±1.37
WOM	1	BE	25.00 ±1.42	49.79±8.35	67.46±6.34	71.66±1.34
WM	1	PE	24.80±2.41	50.89±9.49	68.65±7.70	71.55±2.23
WOM	1	PE	24.79±2,.44	50.95±9.45	68.65±7.66	71.56±2.27
WM	2	BE	24.07±2.45	54.24±12.98	71.07±13.20	70.86±2.35
WOM	2	BE	24.05±2.44	45.23±12.91	71.05±13.17	70.87±2.36
WM	2	PE	23.07±3.75	51.58±15.77	63.61±13.84	69.19±3.75
WOM	2	PE	23.07±3.73	51.58±15.70	63.62±13.89	69.22±3.82
CV%			7.38	16.67	15.56	3.45

Physiological evaluation
			Times ⁽²⁾ (2) The times refer to specific times of collection: 9 a.m. (time 1); 11 a.m. (time 2); 1 p.m. (time 3); 3 p.m. (time 4) and 5 p.m. (time 5)
Treat.	Stage ⁽¹⁾ (1) Stage 1: sows in individual cages; Stage 2: sows and collective stalls	Variable	1	2	3	4	5
Group WM	1		19.28^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	19.92	19.86	21.35	16.14
Group WOM	1	RF (mov.min⁻¹)	21.50^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	19.35	19.50	21.71	18.14
Group WM	2		20.36^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	24.37^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	32.48^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	49.29^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	34.14
Group WOM	2		24.16^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	27.18^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	43.90^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	64.00^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	37.67
Group WM	1		37.37	37.63	37.73	38.03	38.01
Group WOM	1	R T(°C)	37.32	37.56	37.71	38.02	38.00
Group WM	2		38.04	38.05	38.22	38.18	38.10
Group WOM	2		38.15	38.08	38.17	38.10	38.08

Behavioral evaluation Social and agonistics behavior
		Times ⁽¹⁾ (1) The times refer to specific times of collection as follows: 9 a.m. (time 1); 11 a.m. (time 2); 1 p.m. (time 3); 3 p.m. (time 4) and 5 p.m. (time 5);
Treat.	Variable	1	2	3	4	5
Group WM	Social	0.09	0.83	0.00	0.47	0.00
Group WOM	Behavior	0.00	0.35	0.14	0.16	0.44
Group WM	Agonistics Behavior	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.31	0.00
Group WOM		0.37	0.00	1.14	0.38	1.22
Group WM	IBR	0.00^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	0.00^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	0.00^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	0.00^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	0.00^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.
Group WOM		1.57^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	1.71^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	1.28^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	1.42^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.	1.28^* *()** Averages followed by * are significant by the Mann Whitney Test at 5% probability.

Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola SBEA - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas FCAV/UNESP, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, 14884.900 | Jaboticabal - SP, Tel./Fax: +55 16 3209 7619 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
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[1] * Corresponding author. ESALQ/USP/ Piracicaba - SP, Brasil. E-mail: flaviarafaela@gmail.com