ABSTRACT
Clogging is an intrinsic phenomenon of constructed wetland systems (CWs) used in sewage treatment, and resulting from pollutant removal mechanisms. Among clogging evaluation methods, tracers may be highlighted since they can used to determine CW hydrodynamic conditions. However, there is no ideal tracer; saline ones, for example, are able to be absorbed, which is influenced by plant stage. Thus, this study aimed to assess the use of NaCl to characterize the clogging degree and hydrodynamic conditions in subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetland, with or without cropping, as well as check this tracer reliability under tests during southern cattail (Typha latifolia) growth stage (after shoot cutting) and flourishing, as well as its ability to damage the plants. The results showed that NaCl could be used for studies comparing the degree of clogging of CWs, aside from presenting no damage to cattail. It was found that after seven years operating, cropped area is further clogged and has more turbulent flow. It was also possible to infer that plant cuttings led to increased dispersion within the system.
sodium chloride; volumetric efficiency; sewage; clogging; plants; constructed wetlands
