Los predictores de la sintomatología depresiva en enfermeros de unidades de cuidados intensivos

Vasconcelos, Eduardo Motta de; De Martino, Milva Maria Figueiredo

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna Nery 21 (3) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2017-0031 copiar

Los predictores de la sintomatología depresiva en enfermeros de unidades de cuidados intensivos

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Objetivos:

Identificar la prevalencia y analizar la existencia de predictores de la sintomatología depresiva en las enfermeras de unidades de cuidados intensivos.

Métodos:

Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, realizado con 91 enfermeros que actúan en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Fue utilizado en la recogida de datos, en julio de 2014, dos instrumentos: un sociodemográfico y un Inventario de Depresión de Beck en la versión I. Se utilizó la Prueba Exacta de Fisher para analizar la existencia de asociación entre la sintomatología depresiva y las variables categóricas.

Resultados:

El 11% de los pacientes de la muestra tenían síntomas depresivos. De las variables estudiadas, ninguna comprobó asociación significativa con la sintomatología depresiva (p ≥ 0,05).

Conclusión:

La prevalencia de la sintomatología depresiva correspondió al 11%. Ninguna de las variables demostró asociación significativa con la sintomatología depresiva.

Palabras clave:
Enfermeras y enfermeros; Unidades de cuidados intensivos; Estrés psicológico; Trastorno depresivo; Prevalencia

Variable	Depression						p-value	OR (95% CI)
	Present		Absent		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age range (years)
22-29	8	17.8	37	82.2	45	100.0	0.050	^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
30-59	2	4.3	44	95.7	46	100.0
Sex
Male	1	10.0	9	90.0	10	100.0	1.000	^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
Female	9	11.1	72	88.9	81	100.0
Marital status
Married	2	5.9	32	94.1	34	100.0	0.311	^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
Single	8	14.0	49	86.0	57	100.0
Children
Yes	1	3.8	25	96.2	26	100.0	0.271	^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
No	9	13.8	56	86.2	65	100.0
Group total	10	11.0	81	89.0	91	100.0

Variable	Depression						p-value	OR (95% CI)
	Present		Absent		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Physical activity
Yes	5	11.4	39	88.6	44	100.0	1.000	1.08 (0.29-4.01)
No	5	10.6	42	89.4	47	100.0		1.00
Smoker
Yes	2	20.0	8	80.0	10	100.0	0.302	^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
No	8	9.9	73	90.1	81	100.0
Alcohol consumption
Yes	4	8.3	44	91.7	48	100.0	0.508	1.00
No	6	14.0	37	86.0	43	100.0		1.78 (0.47-6.80)
Group total	10	11.0	81	89.0	91	100.0

Variable	Depression						p-value	OR (95% CI)
	Present		Absent		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Shift
Morning	2	6.7	28	93.3	30	100.0	0.764	^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
Afternoon	4	13.3	26	86.7	30	100.0		^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
Night	4	12.9	27	87.1	31	100.0		^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
Two jobs?
Yes	2	33.3	4	66.7	6	100.0	0.129	^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
No	8	9.4	77	90.6	85	100.0
Duration of vacations (days)
Up to 25 days	1	5.0	19	95.0	20	100.0	0.450	^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
30 days or more	9	12.7	62	87.3	71	100.0
Working hours
< 30 hours	1	14.3	6	85.7	7	100.0	0.351	^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
30-40 hours	3	6.1	46	93.9	49	100.0		^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
41-50 hours	2	15.4	11	84.6	13	100.0		^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
51-60 hours	2	18.2	9	81.8	11	100.0		^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
> 60 hours	2	18.2	9	81.8	11	100.0
Group total	10	11.0	81	89.0	91	100.0

Variable	Depression						p-value	OR (95% CI)
	Present		Absent		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Income
2 a 5	5	11.9	37	88.1	42	100.0	0.164	^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
6 a 9	1	3.7	26	96.3	27	100.0		^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
10 or more	3	21.4	11	78.6	14	100.0		^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
Group total	9	10.8	74	89.2	83	100.0
Years of experience in the ICU
6 months to 1 year	4	28.6	10	71.4	14	100.0	0.165	^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
> 1-2 years	1	7.7	12	92.3	13	100.0		^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
> 2-3 years	2	15.4	11	84.6	13	100.0		^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
> 3-5 years	1	7.7	12	92.3	13	100.0		^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
> 5 years	2	5.3	36	94.7	38	100.0		^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
Patients attended per day
Less than 10	9	12.3	64	87.7	73	100.0	0.680	^ Could not be determined due to zero or very low frequencies.
10 or more	1	5.6	17	94.4	18	100.0
Training in the hospital
Yes	6	11.5	46	88.5	52	100.0	1.000	1.14 (0.30 a 4.36)
No	4	10.3	35	89.7	39	100.0		1.00
Group total	10	11.0	81	89.0	91	100.0

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[1] Corresponding author: Eduardo Motta de Vasconcelos. E-mail: vasconcelos.motta@unifesp.br