STUDENT ENGAGEMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS, FACILITATORS, AND MEASUREMENT METHODS IN LITERATURE REVIEWS^{1 2}

ABSTRACT:

The concept of engagement is polysemic in literature, often used informally and without precise definitions. Given its widespread use in the educational context, it is essential to clarify the meanings attributed to this term in the research field. This systematic literature review aims to elucidate this polysemy by identifying conceptions, models, indicators, facilitators, and measurement methods of student engagement. Methodologically, we analyzed previously published literature reviews on the topic. The search was conducted in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, and after filtering processes, we selected 52 articles to form the corpus. As a result, we identified four main perspectives on student engagement in the literature: behavioral, psychological, sociocultural, and integrative. Additionally, we found 18 facilitators, which we classified into four categories: supportive teacher-student relationships (the most frequent), teaching practices, environmental elements, and personal factors. We also identified six measurement methods, with observation being the most recommended and questionnaires the most used in research. Besides providing a comprehensive perspective on how the concept of student engagement is explored in educational research, which is highly valuable, especially for researchers newly interested in the area, the categorized results of this literature review also offer guidance for implementing pedagogical practices that foster student engagement, which are crucial for both teachers and teacher training.

Keywords:
student engagement; models; perspectives; facilitators; measurement