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ARTICLE - HEBERTIST PALESTRA: PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN, LEISURE AND NATURAL LIFESTYLE

PALESTRA HEBERTISTA: EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA PARA MULHERES, LAZER E ESTILO DE VIDA NATURAL.

ABSTRACT:

Education and leisure are at times considered contradictory, at times complementary concepts. Pedagogues who pioneered new education methods in Europe in the 1920s and 1930s, such as Maria Montessori or Célestin Freinet, embraced the two. This is also the case for the Palestra, a training centre created in 1918 by the French naval commander Georges Hébert (1875-1957) (DELAPLACE, 2005; PHILIPPE-MEDEN, 2015PHILIPPE-MEDEN, P. HÉBERT G (1875-1957). In Bernard Andrieu(org.). Vocabulaire International de Philosophie du Sport. Paris: L’Harmattan, « Mouvement des Savoirs », 2015, p. 201-205.). The Palestra is considered the “flagship” of what was called “Méthode naturelle d’éducation physique, virile et morale”, a natural method that combined training of physical capacities, courage and morality (HÉBERT, 1941), developed by Georges Hébert between 1903 and 1904 at the battalion of marine fusiliers of Lorient. This method was the reference for ministerial directions on physical education in France in 1923, 1941 and in 1959 (TENÈZE, PACQUELIN, ANDRIEU, 2018TENÈZE, L. PACQUELIN, A.; ANDRIEU, B. Enseigner le corps. Prescriptions, débats et expérimentations de 1880 à nos jours. Revue EP&S. Paris, n.86, 2018.). However, as the Palestra was situated among mundane holiday resorts on the coast in Normandy, which was dotted with casinos and theaters, this institution for the Hebertist natural method has hardly been studied (PHILIPPE-MEDEN, 2014PHILIPPE-MEDEN, P. L’Éducation Physique, une revue : Sportive, Scientifique, d’Enseignement et de Critique (1902-1940). Gazette Pierre de Coubertin. Paris, n.38-39, Comité Français Pierre de Coubertin, 2014, p. 20-25.), which may lead to approximation issues and misunderstandings. Based on a descriptive analysis of the Palestra, we will show how a holistic, innovative pedagogy was developed combining physical education, leisure and a natural lifestyle and how it will contribute to a radical change not only in body exercise techniques for women, but also the imagery of women between the two world wars in France.

Keywords:
Physical education; Georges Hébert; Natural Lifestyle; Women’s history; Body

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