Antibiotic prophylaxis in pregnant with premature rupture of ovular membranes: systematic review and meta-analysis

Pereira, Ana Maria Gomes; Pannain, Gabriel Duque; Esteves, Bruna Helena Gonçalez; Bacci, Maria Luiza de Lima; Rocha, Maria Luiza Toledo Leite Ferreira da; Lopes, Reginaldo Guedes Coelho

doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2022RW0015

Ana Maria Gomes Pereira

formal analysis

investigation

methodology

software

writing - review & editing

Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2697-2791

Gabriel Duque Pannain Corresponding author: Gabriel Duque Pannain, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 1800 - Vila Mariana Zip code: 04029-000 - São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Phone: (55 11) 4573-8501, E-mail: gabrielduquep@gmail.com

writing - review & editing

Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5164-3554

Bruna Helena Gonçalez Esteves

methodology

writing - original draft

Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6880-4027

Maria Luiza de Lima Bacci

investigation

methodology

writing - original draft

Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0953-4386

Maria Luiza Toledo Leite Ferreira da Rocha

conceptualization

supervision

validation

visualization

Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-2943

Reginaldo Guedes Coelho Lopes

supervision

Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7735-8698

Corresponding author: Gabriel Duque Pannain, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 1800 - Vila Mariana Zip code: 04029-000 - São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Phone: (55 11) 4573-8501, E-mail: gabrielduquep@gmail.com

Author	Gestational age	Number of participants	Gestational age rupture Intervention average/median	Gestational age rupture Control mean/median
Almeida et al.,(⁹9 Almeida L, Schmauch A, Bergström S. A randomised study on the impact of peroral amoxicillin in women with prelabour rupture of membranes preterm. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1996;41(2):82-4.)	37	106	32 (±2.1)	31.7 (±4.0)
Amon et al.,(¹⁰10 Amon E, Lewis SV, Sibai BM, Villar MA, Arheart KL. Ampicillin prophylaxis in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a prospective randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159(3):539-43.)	34	82	NR	NR
Camli et al.,(¹¹11 Camli L, Mavunagacioglu S, Bostanci A, Camli S, Soylu F. Antibiotherapy in preterm premature rupture of membrane. Does it affect the latent period and infectious morbidity? Jinekoloji Ve Obstetrik Dergisi. 1997;11(2):138-42.)	34	31	NR	NR
Christmas et al.,(¹²12 Christmas JT, Cox SM, Andrews W, Dax J, Leveno KJ, Gilstrap LC. Expectant management of preterm ruptured membranes: effects of antimicrobial therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 1992;80(5):759-62.)	34	94	30.4	29.9
Cox et al.,(¹³13 Cox SM, Leveno KJ, Sherman ML, Travis L, De Plama R. Ruptured membranes at 24 to 29 weeks: a randomized double blind trial of antimicrobials versus placebo [abstract]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172(1 PT2):P412.)	34	62	26.9 (±1.9)	26.7 (±2.2)
August Fuhr et al.,(¹⁴14 August Fuhr N, Becker C, van Baalen A, Bauer K, Hopp H. Antibiotic therapy for preterm premature rupture of membranes: results of a multicenter study. J Perinat Med. 2006;34(3):203-6.)	34	105	NR	NR
Garcia-Burguillo et al.,(¹⁵15 Garcia-Burguillo A, Hernandez-Garcia JM, de la Fuente P. Profilaxis con eritromicina en gestaciones pretermino con rotura prematura de las membranas amnioticas. Clinica Investigacion Ginecol Obstetricia. 1995;23(3):96-100.)	37	60	NR	NR
Grable et al.,(¹⁶16 Grable IA, Garcia PM, Perry D, Socol ML. Group B streptococcus and preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of antepartum ampicillin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175(4 Pt 1):1036-42.)	37	60	NR	NR
Johnston et al.,(¹⁷17 Johnston MM, Sanchez-Ramos L, Vaughan AJ, Todd MW, Benrubi GI. Antibiotic therapy in preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, prospective, double- blind trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;163(3):743-7.)	34	85	29.5 (±0.70)	30.3 (±0.5)
Kenyon et al.,(¹⁸18 Kenyon SL, Taylor DJ, Tarnow-Mordi W. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes: the ORACLE I randomised trial. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Lancet. 2001;357(9261):979-88.)	37	4,809	E 27.5 (±6.1) AXC 28.0 (±6.0) AXCE 27.8 (±6.1)	27.9 (±6.1)
Kurki et al.,(¹⁹19 Kurki T, Hallman M, Zilliacus R, Teramo K, Ylikorkala O. Premature rupture of the membranes; effect of penicillin prophylaxis and long-term outcome of the children. Am J Perinatol. 1992;9(1):11-6.)	37	101	32.4 (±2.3)	32.3 (±2.4)
Lockwood et al.,(²⁰20 Lockwood CJ, Costigan K, Ghidini A, Wein R, Chien D, Brown BL, et al. Double-blind; placebo-controlled trial of piperacillin prophylaxis in preterm membrane rupture. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169(4):970-6.)	37	75	NR	NR
Lovett et al.,(²¹21 Lovett SM, Weiss JD, Diogo MJ, Williams PT, Garite TJ. A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of ampicillin-sulbactam for preterm premature rupture of membranes in women receiving antenatal corticosteroid therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176(5):1030-8.)	37	102	ASAXC 30.17 (±0.57) AAXC 29.73 (±0.42)	29.58 (±0.54)
Magwali et al.,(²²22 Magwali TL, Chipato T, Majoko F, Rusakaniko S, Mujaji C. Prophylactic augmentin in prelabour preterm rupture of the membranes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1999;65(3):261-5.)	37	170	32.8 (±2.7)	32.8 (±2.5)
McCaul et al.,(²³23 McCaul JF, Perry KG Jr, Moore JL Jr, Martin RW, Bucovaz ET, Morrison JC. Adjunctive antibiotic treatment of women with preterm rupture of membranes or preterm labor. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 1992;38(1):19-24.)	34	37	NR	NR
McGregor et al.,(²⁴24 McGregor JA, French JI. Use of antibiotics for preterm premature rupture of membranes. Rationales and results. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1992;19(2):327-38.)	37	55	30.5 (±3.5)	31.5 (±2.8)
Mercer et al.,(²⁵25 Mercer BM, Moretti ML, Prevost RR, Sibai BM. Erythromycin therapy in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a prospective, randomized trial of 220 patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166(3):794-802.)	37	220	30.3 (±3.4)	29.8 (±3.6)
Mercer,(²⁶26 Mercer B. The NICHD-MFMU antibiotic treatment of PPRPM study: evaluation of factors associated with successful outcome [abstract]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176(1 Pt 2):S8.)	34	614	28.6 (±2.2)	28.5 (±2.4)
Morales et al.,(²⁷27 Morales WJ, Angel JL, O’Brien WF, Knuppel RA. Use of ampicillin and corticosteroids in premature rupture of membranes: a randomized study. Obstet Gynecol. 1989;73(5 Pt 1):721-6.)	34	78	29.4 (±2.3)	29.3 (± 2.7)
Ovalle et al.,(²⁸28 Ovalle A, Martínez MA, Kakarieka E, Gómez R, Rubio R, Valderrama O, et al. Antibiotic administration in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes reduces the rate of histological chorioamnionitis: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2002;12(1):35-41.)	34	88	29.9 (±2.5)	29.3 (± 2.9)
Svare et al.,(²⁹29 Svare J. Preterm delivery and subclinical uro-genital infection [thesis]. Denmark: University of Copenhagen; 1997.)	34	67	NR	NR

Author	Intervention	Corticosteroid	Tocolysis	Intervention duration
Almeida et al.,(⁹9 Almeida L, Schmauch A, Bergström S. A randomised study on the impact of peroral amoxicillin in women with prelabour rupture of membranes preterm. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1996;41(2):82-4.)	AX 750mg 8/8 hours VO	NR	NR	NR
Amon et al.,(¹⁰10 Amon E, Lewis SV, Sibai BM, Villar MA, Arheart KL. Ampicillin prophylaxis in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a prospective randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159(3):539-43.)	A 1g 6/6 hours IV for 24 hours + A 500mg 6/6 hours VO until delivery	SN	Yes	Until birth
Camli et al.,(¹¹11 Camli L, Mavunagacioglu S, Bostanci A, Camli S, Soylu F. Antibiotherapy in preterm premature rupture of membrane. Does it affect the latent period and infectious morbidity? Jinekoloji Ve Obstetrik Dergisi. 1997;11(2):138-42.)	A 1g 6/6 hours IV	NR	No	NR
Christmas et al.,(¹²12 Christmas JT, Cox SM, Andrews W, Dax J, Leveno KJ, Gilstrap LC. Expectant management of preterm ruptured membranes: effects of antimicrobial therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 1992;80(5):759-62.)	AGC (A 2g 6/6 hours IV + G 60-90mg 8/8 hours IV + C 900mg 8/8 hours IV) 1 day, AXC 500 + 125mg 8/8 hours 7 days VO	No	No	7 days
Cox et al.,(¹³13 Cox SM, Leveno KJ, Sherman ML, Travis L, De Plama R. Ruptured membranes at 24 to 29 weeks: a randomized double blind trial of antimicrobials versus placebo [abstract]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172(1 PT2):P412.)	AS 1+2g 6/6 hours 4 doses IV, AXC 500 + 125mg 6/6 hours VO for 5 days	NR	NR	5 days
August Fuhr et al.,(¹⁴14 August Fuhr N, Becker C, van Baalen A, Bauer K, Hopp H. Antibiotic therapy for preterm premature rupture of membranes: results of a multicenter study. J Perinat Med. 2006;34(3):203-6.)	MZ 2g 8/8 hours IV 7 days	Yes	Yes	7 days
Garcia-Burguillo et al.,(¹⁵15 Garcia-Burguillo A, Hernandez-Garcia JM, de la Fuente P. Profilaxis con eritromicina en gestaciones pretermino con rotura prematura de las membranas amnioticas. Clinica Investigacion Ginecol Obstetricia. 1995;23(3):96-100.)	E 500mg 6/6 hours VO until birth	No	No	Until birth
Grable et al.,(¹⁶16 Grable IA, Garcia PM, Perry D, Socol ML. Group B streptococcus and preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of antepartum ampicillin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175(4 Pt 1):1036-42.)	A 2g 6/6 hours IV (1 day) + A 500mg 6/6 hours VO until birth	NR	NR	Until birth
Johnston et al.,(¹⁷17 Johnston MM, Sanchez-Ramos L, Vaughan AJ, Todd MW, Benrubi GI. Antibiotic therapy in preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, prospective, double- blind trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;163(3):743-7.)	MZ por 2 days + A VO	No	No	Until birth
Kenyon et al.,(¹⁸18 Kenyon SL, Taylor DJ, Tarnow-Mordi W. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes: the ORACLE I randomised trial. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Lancet. 2001;357(9261):979-88.)	AXC 250 + 125mg 8/8 hours VO + E 250mg VO AXC 250 + 125mg 8/8 hours VO E 250mg	SN	SN	Until birth
Kurki et al.,(¹⁹19 Kurki T, Hallman M, Zilliacus R, Teramo K, Ylikorkala O. Premature rupture of the membranes; effect of penicillin prophylaxis and long-term outcome of the children. Am J Perinatol. 1992;9(1):11-6.)	P 5000mUI 2 doses IV	NR	Yes	1 day
Lockwood et al.,(²⁰20 Lockwood CJ, Costigan K, Ghidini A, Wein R, Chien D, Brown BL, et al. Double-blind; placebo-controlled trial of piperacillin prophylaxis in preterm membrane rupture. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169(4):970-6.)	PP 3g 6/6 hours IV 72 hours	SN	SN	3 days
Lovett et al.,(²¹21 Lovett SM, Weiss JD, Diogo MJ, Williams PT, Garite TJ. A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of ampicillin-sulbactam for preterm premature rupture of membranes in women receiving antenatal corticosteroid therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176(5):1030-8.)	AS 1.5g 6/6 hours IV 72 hours + AXC 500+125mg 8/8 hours A 2g IV 72 hours + AXC 500+125mg 8/8 hours	SN	Yes	Until birth
Magwali et al.,(²²22 Magwali TL, Chipato T, Majoko F, Rusakaniko S, Mujaji C. Prophylactic augmentin in prelabour preterm rupture of the membranes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1999;65(3):261-5.)	AXC VO 5 days	SN	NR	5 days
McCaul et al.,(²³23 McCaul JF, Perry KG Jr, Moore JL Jr, Martin RW, Bucovaz ET, Morrison JC. Adjunctive antibiotic treatment of women with preterm rupture of membranes or preterm labor. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 1992;38(1):19-24.)	A 2g IV + A 500mg 6/6 hours 7 days	No	No	7 days
McGregor et al.,(²⁴24 McGregor JA, French JI. Use of antibiotics for preterm premature rupture of membranes. Rationales and results. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1992;19(2):327-38.)	E 333mg 8/8 hours	No	No	NR
Mercer et al.,(²⁵25 Mercer BM, Moretti ML, Prevost RR, Sibai BM. Erythromycin therapy in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a prospective, randomized trial of 220 patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166(3):794-802.)	E 333mg 8/8 hours	SN	SN	NR
Mercer,(²⁶26 Mercer B. The NICHD-MFMU antibiotic treatment of PPRPM study: evaluation of factors associated with successful outcome [abstract]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176(1 Pt 2):S8.)	A 2g 6/6 hours + E 250mg 6/6 hours IV AX 250mg 8/8 hours VO + E 333mg 8/8 hours VO 5 days	No	No	5 days
Morales et al.,(²⁷27 Morales WJ, Angel JL, O’Brien WF, Knuppel RA. Use of ampicillin and corticosteroids in premature rupture of membranes: a randomized study. Obstet Gynecol. 1989;73(5 Pt 1):721-6.)	A 2g 6/6 hours	No	No	NR
Ovalle et al.,(²⁸28 Ovalle A, Martínez MA, Kakarieka E, Gómez R, Rubio R, Valderrama O, et al. Antibiotic administration in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes reduces the rate of histological chorioamnionitis: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2002;12(1):35-41.)	CG (C 600mg 6/6 hours IV + G 4mg/kg/day 48 hours) and CG (C 300mg 6/6 hours + G 2mg/kg/day 12/12 hours) IM	NR	NR	5 days
Svare et al.,(²⁹29 Svare J. Preterm delivery and subclinical uro-genital infection [thesis]. Denmark: University of Copenhagen; 1997.)	A 2g 6/6 hours IV (1 day) and M 500mg 8/8 hours IV (1 day) + PVM (PV 500mg 8/8 hours 7 days + M 400mg 8/8 hours) VO	NR	NR	7 days

Author	Intervention latency (≥7 days)	Control latency (≥7 days)	Chorioamnionitis Intervention	Chorioamnionitis Control	Endometritis Intervention	Endometritis Control	Maternal sepsis Intervention	Maternal sepsis Control	Maternal death Intervention	Maternal death Control
Almeida et al.,(⁹9 Almeida L, Schmauch A, Bergström S. A randomised study on the impact of peroral amoxicillin in women with prelabour rupture of membranes preterm. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1996;41(2):82-4.)	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Amon et al.,(¹⁰10 Amon E, Lewis SV, Sibai BM, Villar MA, Arheart KL. Ampicillin prophylaxis in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a prospective randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159(3):539-43.)	20/43	10/39	7/43	4/39	5/43	3/39	NR	NR	NR	NR
Camli et al.,(¹¹11 Camli L, Mavunagacioglu S, Bostanci A, Camli S, Soylu F. Antibiotherapy in preterm premature rupture of membrane. Does it affect the latent period and infectious morbidity? Jinekoloji Ve Obstetrik Dergisi. 1997;11(2):138-42.)	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Christmas et al.,(¹²12 Christmas JT, Cox SM, Andrews W, Dax J, Leveno KJ, Gilstrap LC. Expectant management of preterm ruptured membranes: effects of antimicrobial therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 1992;80(5):759-62.)	20/48	7/46	5/48	8/46	3/48	1/46	NR	NR	NR	NR
Cox et al.,(¹³13 Cox SM, Leveno KJ, Sherman ML, Travis L, De Plama R. Ruptured membranes at 24 to 29 weeks: a randomized double blind trial of antimicrobials versus placebo [abstract]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172(1 PT2):P412.)	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
August Fuhr et al.,(¹⁴14 August Fuhr N, Becker C, van Baalen A, Bauer K, Hopp H. Antibiotic therapy for preterm premature rupture of membranes: results of a multicenter study. J Perinat Med. 2006;34(3):203-6.)	30/47	26/58	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Garcia Burguillo et al.,(¹⁵15 Garcia-Burguillo A, Hernandez-Garcia JM, de la Fuente P. Profilaxis con eritromicina en gestaciones pretermino con rotura prematura de las membranas amnioticas. Clinica Investigacion Ginecol Obstetricia. 1995;23(3):96-100.)	NR	NR	3/30	1/30	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Grable et al.,(¹⁶16 Grable IA, Garcia PM, Perry D, Socol ML. Group B streptococcus and preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of antepartum ampicillin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175(4 Pt 1):1036-42.)	NR	NR	4/31	8/29	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Johnston et al.,(¹⁷17 Johnston MM, Sanchez-Ramos L, Vaughan AJ, Todd MW, Benrubi GI. Antibiotic therapy in preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, prospective, double- blind trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;163(3):743-7.)	18/40	8/45	3/40	16/45	5/40	15/45	NR	NR	0/40	0/45
Kenyon et al.,(¹⁸18 Kenyon SL, Taylor DJ, Tarnow-Mordi W. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes: the ORACLE I randomised trial. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Lancet. 2001;357(9261):979-88.)	1767/3,584	775/1,225	NR	NR	NR	NR	896/3,584	330/1,225	NR	NR
Kurki et al.,(¹⁹19 Kurki T, Hallman M, Zilliacus R, Teramo K, Ylikorkala O. Premature rupture of the membranes; effect of penicillin prophylaxis and long-term outcome of the children. Am J Perinatol. 1992;9(1):11-6.)	NR	NR	1/50	7/51	0/50	1/51	0/50	0/51	NR	NR
Lockwood et al.,(²⁰20 Lockwood CJ, Costigan K, Ghidini A, Wein R, Chien D, Brown BL, et al. Double-blind; placebo-controlled trial of piperacillin prophylaxis in preterm membrane rupture. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169(4):970-6.)	16/38	4/37	10/35	10/37	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Lovett et al.,(²¹21 Lovett SM, Weiss JD, Diogo MJ, Williams PT, Garite TJ. A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of ampicillin-sulbactam for preterm premature rupture of membranes in women receiving antenatal corticosteroid therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176(5):1030-8.)	NR	NR	11/75	12/37	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Magwali et al.,(²²22 Magwali TL, Chipato T, Majoko F, Rusakaniko S, Mujaji C. Prophylactic augmentin in prelabour preterm rupture of the membranes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1999;65(3):261-5.)	15/82	6/86	14/82	20/86	NR	NR	10/82	17/86	NR	NR
McCaul et al.,(²³23 McCaul JF, Perry KG Jr, Moore JL Jr, Martin RW, Bucovaz ET, Morrison JC. Adjunctive antibiotic treatment of women with preterm rupture of membranes or preterm labor. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 1992;38(1):19-24.)	NR	NR	10/41	9/43	NR	NR	10/41	9/43	NR	NR
McGregor et al.,(²⁴24 McGregor JA, French JI. Use of antibiotics for preterm premature rupture of membranes. Rationales and results. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1992;19(2):327-38.)	NR	NR	7/28	6/27	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Mercer et al.,(²⁵25 Mercer BM, Moretti ML, Prevost RR, Sibai BM. Erythromycin therapy in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a prospective, randomized trial of 220 patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166(3):794-802.)	29/106	20/114	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Mercer,(²⁶26 Mercer B. The NICHD-MFMU antibiotic treatment of PPRPM study: evaluation of factors associated with successful outcome [abstract]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176(1 Pt 2):S8.)	NR	NR	69/299	101/312	NR	NR	0/299	0/312	0/299	0/312
Morales et al.,(²⁷27 Morales WJ, Angel JL, O’Brien WF, Knuppel RA. Use of ampicillin and corticosteroids in premature rupture of membranes: a randomized study. Obstet Gynecol. 1989;73(5 Pt 1):721-6.)	NR	NR	0/37	16/41	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Ovalle et al.,(²⁸28 Ovalle A, Martínez MA, Kakarieka E, Gómez R, Rubio R, Valderrama O, et al. Antibiotic administration in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes reduces the rate of histological chorioamnionitis: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2002;12(1):35-41.)	NR	NR	2/42	11/45	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Svare et al.,(²⁹29 Svare J. Preterm delivery and subclinical uro-genital infection [thesis]. Denmark: University of Copenhagen; 1997.)	NR	NR	6/30	5/37	NR	NR	NR	NR	0/30	0/37

Author	Gestational age at delivery Mean intervention (SD)	Gestational age at delivery Mean control (SD)	Weight newborn± Average Intervention (SD)	Weight newborn Control (SD)	Apgar5 <7 Intervention	Apgar5 <7 Control	Neonatal death Intervention	Neonatal death Control
Almeida et al.,(⁹9 Almeida L, Schmauch A, Bergström S. A randomised study on the impact of peroral amoxicillin in women with prelabour rupture of membranes preterm. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1996;41(2):82-4.)	NR	NR	2,094 (±459)	2,045 (±462)	NR	NR	NR	NR
Amon et al.,(¹⁰10 Amon E, Lewis SV, Sibai BM, Villar MA, Arheart KL. Ampicillin prophylaxis in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a prospective randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159(3):539-43.)	31.5 (±3.3)	30.7 (±3.2)	1,670 (±580)	1,742 (±846)	5/42	6/36	1/42	3/36
Camli et al.,(¹¹11 Camli L, Mavunagacioglu S, Bostanci A, Camli S, Soylu F. Antibiotherapy in preterm premature rupture of membrane. Does it affect the latent period and infectious morbidity? Jinekoloji Ve Obstetrik Dergisi. 1997;11(2):138-42.)	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Christmas et al.,(¹²12 Christmas JT, Cox SM, Andrews W, Dax J, Leveno KJ, Gilstrap LC. Expectant management of preterm ruptured membranes: effects of antimicrobial therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 1992;80(5):759-62.)	31.4	30.7	1,639	1,839	NR	NR	NR	NR
Cox et al.,(¹³13 Cox SM, Leveno KJ, Sherman ML, Travis L, De Plama R. Ruptured membranes at 24 to 29 weeks: a randomized double blind trial of antimicrobials versus placebo [abstract]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172(1 PT2):P412.)	26.8 (±5.4)	27.9 (±2.1)	1,282 (±409)	1,305 (±413)	NR	NR	1/31	5/31
August Fuhr et al.,(¹⁴14 August Fuhr N, Becker C, van Baalen A, Bauer K, Hopp H. Antibiotic therapy for preterm premature rupture of membranes: results of a multicenter study. J Perinat Med. 2006;34(3):203-6.)	NR	NR	NR		NR	NR	NR	NR
Garcia-Burguillo et al.,(¹⁵15 Garcia-Burguillo A, Hernandez-Garcia JM, de la Fuente P. Profilaxis con eritromicina en gestaciones pretermino con rotura prematura de las membranas amnioticas. Clinica Investigacion Ginecol Obstetricia. 1995;23(3):96-100.)	NR	NR	2,022 (±607)	2,170 (±799.7)	NR	NR	NR	NR
Grable et al.,(¹⁶16 Grable IA, Garcia PM, Perry D, Socol ML. Group B streptococcus and preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of antepartum ampicillin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175(4 Pt 1):1036-42.)	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Johnston et al.,(¹⁷17 Johnston MM, Sanchez-Ramos L, Vaughan AJ, Todd MW, Benrubi GI. Antibiotic therapy in preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, prospective, double- blind trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;163(3):743-7.)	NR	NR	1,897 (±600)	1,587 (±592)	NR	NR	3/40	3/45
Kenyon et al.,(¹⁸18 Kenyon SL, Taylor DJ, Tarnow-Mordi W. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes: the ORACLE I randomised trial. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Lancet. 2001;357(9261):979-88.)	NR	NR	2,103 (±764)	2,072 (±769)	NR	NR	226/3,584	82/1,225
Kurki et al.,(¹⁹19 Kurki T, Hallman M, Zilliacus R, Teramo K, Ylikorkala O. Premature rupture of the membranes; effect of penicillin prophylaxis and long-term outcome of the children. Am J Perinatol. 1992;9(1):11-6.)	33.2 (±2.1)	33.1 (±1.8)	2,124 (±390)	2,090 (±516)	5/57	8/58	1/57	1/58
Lockwood et al.,(²⁰20 Lockwood CJ, Costigan K, Ghidini A, Wein R, Chien D, Brown BL, et al. Double-blind; placebo-controlled trial of piperacillin prophylaxis in preterm membrane rupture. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169(4):970-6.)	31.7 (±3.5)	31.2 (±3.3)	1,837 (±759)	1,697 (±581)	3/37	3/35	2/37	2/35
Lovett et al.,(²¹21 Lovett SM, Weiss JD, Diogo MJ, Williams PT, Garite TJ. A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of ampicillin-sulbactam for preterm premature rupture of membranes in women receiving antenatal corticosteroid therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176(5):1030-8.)	NR	NR	ASAXC 1,870 (±101) AAXC 1,674 (±71)	1,543 (±95)	NR	NR	0/76	3/37
Magwali et al.,(²²22 Magwali TL, Chipato T, Majoko F, Rusakaniko S, Mujaji C. Prophylactic augmentin in prelabour preterm rupture of the membranes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1999;65(3):261-5.)	NR	NR	1,985	2,150	NR	NR	8/82	11/86
McCaul et al.,(²³23 McCaul JF, Perry KG Jr, Moore JL Jr, Martin RW, Bucovaz ET, Morrison JC. Adjunctive antibiotic treatment of women with preterm rupture of membranes or preterm labor. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 1992;38(1):19-24.)	30.1 (±2.7)	31.2 (±3.9)	1,724 (±587.3)	1,925.3 (±842.5)	NR	NR	NR	NR
McGregor et al.,(²⁴24 McGregor JA, French JI. Use of antibiotics for preterm premature rupture of membranes. Rationales and results. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1992;19(2):327-38.)	31.4 (±3.4)	32.3 (±2.3)	1,638,5 (±530,8)	1,741,4 (±444)	NR	NR	6/28	0/27
Mercer et al.,(²⁵25 Mercer BM, Moretti ML, Prevost RR, Sibai BM. Erythromycin therapy in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a prospective, randomized trial of 220 patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166(3):794-802.)	NR	NR	1,771 (±653)	1,817 (±637)	15/107	20/109	1/106	3/114
Mercer,(²⁶26 Mercer B. The NICHD-MFMU antibiotic treatment of PPRPM study: evaluation of factors associated with successful outcome [abstract]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176(1 Pt 2):S8.)	NR	NR	1,549 (±497)	1,457 (±508)	NR	NR	19/299	18/312
Morales et al.,(²⁷27 Morales WJ, Angel JL, O’Brien WF, Knuppel RA. Use of ampicillin and corticosteroids in premature rupture of membranes: a randomized study. Obstet Gynecol. 1989;73(5 Pt 1):721-6.)	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Ovalle et al.,(²⁸28 Ovalle A, Martínez MA, Kakarieka E, Gómez R, Rubio R, Valderrama O, et al. Antibiotic administration in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes reduces the rate of histological chorioamnionitis: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2002;12(1):35-41.)	NR	NR	1,849 (±458.4)	1,645 (±521.4)	NR	NR	4/11	3/13
Svare et al.,(²⁹29 Svare J. Preterm delivery and subclinical uro-genital infection [thesis]. Denmark: University of Copenhagen; 1997.)	NR	NR	1,962 (±712)	1,838 (±785)	NR	NR	NR	NR

Author	RDS Intervention	RDS Control	NEC Intervention	NEC Control	Neonatal sepsis Intervention	Neonatal sepsis Control
Almeida et al.,(⁹9 Almeida L, Schmauch A, Bergström S. A randomised study on the impact of peroral amoxicillin in women with prelabour rupture of membranes preterm. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1996;41(2):82-4.)	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Amon et al.,(¹⁰10 Amon E, Lewis SV, Sibai BM, Villar MA, Arheart KL. Ampicillin prophylaxis in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a prospective randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159(3):539-43.)	18/42	15/36	5/42	4/36	1/42	6/36
Camli et al.,(¹¹11 Camli L, Mavunagacioglu S, Bostanci A, Camli S, Soylu F. Antibiotherapy in preterm premature rupture of membrane. Does it affect the latent period and infectious morbidity? Jinekoloji Ve Obstetrik Dergisi. 1997;11(2):138-42.)	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Christmas et al.,(¹²12 Christmas JT, Cox SM, Andrews W, Dax J, Leveno KJ, Gilstrap LC. Expectant management of preterm ruptured membranes: effects of antimicrobial therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 1992;80(5):759-62.)	20/48	21/46	4/48	2/46	0/46	2/48
Cox et al.,(¹³13 Cox SM, Leveno KJ, Sherman ML, Travis L, De Plama R. Ruptured membranes at 24 to 29 weeks: a randomized double blind trial of antimicrobials versus placebo [abstract]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172(1 PT2):P412.)	27/31	21/31	5/31	0/31	0/31	1/31
August Fuhr et al.,(¹⁴14 August Fuhr N, Becker C, van Baalen A, Bauer K, Hopp H. Antibiotic therapy for preterm premature rupture of membranes: results of a multicenter study. J Perinat Med. 2006;34(3):203-6.)	7/47	11/58	1/47	3/58	1/47	7/58
Garcia-Burguillo et al.,(¹⁵15 Garcia-Burguillo A, Hernandez-Garcia JM, de la Fuente P. Profilaxis con eritromicina en gestaciones pretermino con rotura prematura de las membranas amnioticas. Clinica Investigacion Ginecol Obstetricia. 1995;23(3):96-100.)	7/30	6/30	NR	NR	4/30	5/30
Grable et al.,(¹⁶16 Grable IA, Garcia PM, Perry D, Socol ML. Group B streptococcus and preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of antepartum ampicillin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175(4 Pt 1):1036-42.)	6/31	9/29	1/31	1/29	NR	NR
Johnston et al.,(¹⁷17 Johnston MM, Sanchez-Ramos L, Vaughan AJ, Todd MW, Benrubi GI. Antibiotic therapy in preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, prospective, double- blind trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;163(3):743-7.)	6/40	11/45	2/40	3/45	3/40	11/45
Kenyon et al.,(¹⁸18 Kenyon SL, Taylor DJ, Tarnow-Mordi W. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes: the ORACLE I randomised trial. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Lancet. 2001;357(9261):979-88.)	719/3,584	266/1,225	117/3,584	33/1,225	233/3,584	100/1,225
Kurki et al.,(¹⁹19 Kurki T, Hallman M, Zilliacus R, Teramo K, Ylikorkala O. Premature rupture of the membranes; effect of penicillin prophylaxis and long-term outcome of the children. Am J Perinatol. 1992;9(1):11-6.)	NR	NR	NR	NR	0/57	1/58
Lockwood et al.,(²⁰20 Lockwood CJ, Costigan K, Ghidini A, Wein R, Chien D, Brown BL, et al. Double-blind; placebo-controlled trial of piperacillin prophylaxis in preterm membrane rupture. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169(4):970-6.)	23/37	20/35	2/37	0/35	2/37	3/35
Lovett et al.,(²¹21 Lovett SM, Weiss JD, Diogo MJ, Williams PT, Garite TJ. A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of ampicillin-sulbactam for preterm premature rupture of membranes in women receiving antenatal corticosteroid therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176(5):1030-8.)	18/75	14/37	NR	NR	6/75	6/37
Magwali et al.,(²²22 Magwali TL, Chipato T, Majoko F, Rusakaniko S, Mujaji C. Prophylactic augmentin in prelabour preterm rupture of the membranes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1999;65(3):261-5.)	NR	NR	NR	NR	13/82	21/86
McCaul et al.,(²³23 McCaul JF, Perry KG Jr, Moore JL Jr, Martin RW, Bucovaz ET, Morrison JC. Adjunctive antibiotic treatment of women with preterm rupture of membranes or preterm labor. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 1992;38(1):19-24.)	8/41	6/43	NR	NR	2/41	3/43
McGregor et al.,(²⁴24 McGregor JA, French JI. Use of antibiotics for preterm premature rupture of membranes. Rationales and results. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1992;19(2):327-38.)	15/26	15/25	2/26	4/27	1/24	1/27
Mercer et al.,(²⁵25 Mercer BM, Moretti ML, Prevost RR, Sibai BM. Erythromycin therapy in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a prospective, randomized trial of 220 patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166(3):794-802.)	27/107	24/109	8/107	12/109	14/107	15/109
Mercer,(²⁶26 Mercer B. The NICHD-MFMU antibiotic treatment of PPRPM study: evaluation of factors associated with successful outcome [abstract]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997;176(1 Pt 2):S8.)	121/299	152/312	24/299	27/312	16/299	20/312
Morales et al.,(²⁷27 Morales WJ, Angel JL, O’Brien WF, Knuppel RA. Use of ampicillin and corticosteroids in premature rupture of membranes: a randomized study. Obstet Gynecol. 1989;73(5 Pt 1):721-6.)	21/37	20/41	1/37	3/37	1/37	5/41
Ovalle et al.,(²⁸28 Ovalle A, Martínez MA, Kakarieka E, Gómez R, Rubio R, Valderrama O, et al. Antibiotic administration in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes reduces the rate of histological chorioamnionitis: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2002;12(1):35-41.)	5/11	3/13	0/42	1/43	7/42	7/43
Svare et al.,(²⁹29 Svare J. Preterm delivery and subclinical uro-genital infection [thesis]. Denmark: University of Copenhagen; 1997.)	3/30	3/37	0/30	1/37	7/30	16/37

[1] Corresponding author: Gabriel Duque Pannain, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 1800 - Vila Mariana Zip code: 04029-000 - São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Phone: (55 11) 4573-8501, E-mail: gabrielduquep@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Antibiotic prophylaxis in pregnant with premature rupture of ovular membranes: systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Prospero database registration