Chronic treatment with hydroalcoholic extract of <i>Plathymenia reticulata</i> promotes islet hyperplasia and improves glycemic control in diabetic rats

Magalhães, Fernanda Oliveira; Uber-Bucek, Elizabeth; Ceron, Patricia Ibler Bernardo; Name, Thiago Fellipe; Coelho, Humberto Eustáquio; Barbosa, Claudio Henrique Gonçalves; Carvalho, Tatiane; Groppo, Milton

doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2019AO4635

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Original Article • EINSEinstein (São Paulo) 17 (3) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2019AO4635 copy

Chronic treatment with hydroalcoholic extract of Plathymenia reticulata promotes islet hyperplasia and improves glycemic control in diabetic rats

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To investigate the anti-hyperglycemic effects of Plathymenia reticulata hydroalcoholic extract and related changes in body weight, lipid profile and the pancreas.

Methods:

Diabetes was induced in 75 adult male Wistar rats via oral gavage of 65mg/Kg of streptozotocin. Rats were allocated to one of 8 groups, as follows: diabetic and control rats treated with water, diabetic and control rats treated with 100mg/kg or 200mg/kg of plant extract, and diabetic and control rats treated with glyburide. Treatment consisted of oral gavage for 30 days. Blood glucose levels and body weight were measured weekly. Animals were sacrificed and lipid profile and pancreatic tissue samples analyzed. Statistical analysis consisted of ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey-Kramer, paired Student's t and χ² tests; the level of significance was set at 5%.

Results:

Extract gavage at 100mg/kg led to a decrease in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats in the second, third (198.71±65.27 versus 428.00±15.25) and fourth weeks (253.29±47.37 versus 443.22±42.72), body weight loss (13.22±5.70 versus 109.60±9.95) and lower cholesterol levels (58.75±3.13 versus 80.11±4.01) in control rats. Extract gavage at 200mg/Kg led to a decrease in glucose levels on the fourth week in diabetic rats, body weight loss in the second, third and fourth weeks in control rats, and lower cholesterol levels in diabetic and control rats. Islet hyperplasia (p=0.005) and pancreatic duct dilation (p=0.047) were observed in diabetic and control rats.

Conclusion:

Plathymenia extract reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats, and body weight in control rats, and promoted pancreatic islet hyperplasia in diabetic and control rats.

Keywords:
Plathymenia reticulada; Diabetes mellitus; Streptozocin; Islets of langerhans; Plant extracts; Fabaceae; Pancreas

		CD	D100	D200	DG	p value
Blood glucose
	Baseline	355.44±25.83 (n=9)	322.90±14.09 (n=10)	464.00±22.49^* * p<0.01; (n=8)	294.56±24.07 (n=9)	0.009
	1^st week	319.00±43.85 (n=9)	239.50±29.27 (n=10)	444.38±23.73 (n=8)	339.29±43.29 (n=7)	0.362
	2^nd week	374.78±32.77 (n=9)	246.22±45.33^† † p< 0.05. (n=9)	345.83±18.11 (n=6)	466.14±17.02 (n=7)	0.039
	3^rd week	428.00±15.25 (n=9)	198.71±65.27^† † p< 0.05. (n=9)	426.00±9.73 (n=5)	403.71±60.56 (n=7)	0.005
	4^th week	443.22±42.72 (n=9)	253.29±47.37^† † p< 0.05. (n=9)	201.00±66.97^* * p<0.01; (n=4)	472.67±32.31 (n=6)	0.021; 0.013
	Blood glucose variation	87.77±64.01 (n=9)	- 73.28±45.13 (n=9)	- 243.50±92.66^* * p<0.01; (n=4)	199.16±52.84 (n=6)	0.012
Body weight
	Baseline	188.44± 7.59 (n=9)	210.60±8.11 (n=10)	185.00±2.84 (n=8)	191.11±4.96 (n=9)	0.086
	1^st week	193.88±8.19 (n=9)	198.00±9.45 (n=10)	167.63±5.30 (n=8)	198.63±10.42 (n=8)	0.189
	2^nd week	213.78±11.42 (n=9)	191.56±11.61 (n=9)	165.17±3.04^† † p< 0.05. (n=6)	210.14±14.19 (n=7)	0.037
	3^rd week	205.44±15.28 (n=9)	182.88±12.43 (n=8)	164.00±3.67 (n=5)	211.50±18.15 (n=6)	0.156
	4^th week	207.56±14.71 (n=9)	196.14±14.51 (n=7)	165.40±3.84 (n=5)	197.83±19.80 (n=6)	0.322
	Body weight variation	19.11±11.63 (n=9)	-10.28±7.71 (n=7)	-19.40±6.73 (n=5)	9.66±13.93 (n=6)	0.080
Lipids
	Total cholesterol	84.22±7.26 (n=9)	62.28±2.93^† † p< 0.05. (n=7)	52.40±5.83^* * p<0.01; (n=5)	87.40±5.76 (n=5)	0.053; 0.008
	HDL-c	44.33±4.70 (n=9)	19.86±3.33^* * p<0.01; (n=7)	21.60±4.24^* * p<0.01; (n=5)	40.33±5.23 (n=5)	0.002; 0.011
	LDL-c	32.78±4.01 (n=9)	33.57±4.18 (n=7)	23.80±1.83 (n=5)	38.40±5.57 (n=5)	0.219
	Triglycerides	34.89±6.31 (n=9)	46.43±4.29 (n=7)	34.00±4.92 (n=5)	50.60±22.62 (n=5)	0.599

		CC	C100	C200	GC	p value
Blood glucose
	Baseline	89.40±3.32 (n=10)	83.80±1.81 (n=10)	94.67±3.42 (n=9)	104.38±4.16^* * p<0.01; (n=8)	<0.001
	1^st week	93.60±2.68 (n=10)	81.20±1.94^† † p<0.05. (n=10)	90.00±5.47 (n=9)	95.88±2.61 (n=8)	0.006
	2^nd week	102.60±2.31 (n=10)	80.80±4.84^† † p<0.05. (n=10)	101.14±8.41 (n=6)	88.86±8.46 (n=8)	0.014
	3^rd week	94.40±4.03 (n=10)	88.56±3.39 (n=9)	84.57±2.88 (n=6)	98.25±5.40 (n=8)	0.149
	4^th week	93.10±3.61 (n=10)	74.33±1.31^† † p<0.05. (n=9)	74.83±8.41^† † p<0.05. (n=6)	100.50±4.23 (n = 8)	0.001; 0.055
	Blood glucose variation	3.7±6.35 (n=10)	- 8.89±1.89 (n=9)	- 17.00±9.92 (n=6)	- 3.87±6.18 (n=8)	0.154
Body weight
	Baseline	201.20±7.25 (n=10)	317.20±5.76^* * p<0.01; (n=10)	207.25±5.52 (n=9)	195.00 ±3.45 (n=8)	<0.001
	1^st week	232.60±11.07 (n=10)	316.30±8.39^* * p<0.01; (n=10)	195.25±18.86 (n=9)	201.00±5.82 (n=8)	<0.001
	2^nd week	273.20±9.21 (n=10)	293.60±12.69 (n=10)	225.17±9.42^† † p<0.05. (n=6)	241.88±5.04 (n=8)	0.018
	3^rd week	292.60±10.36 (n=10)	318.11±11.21 (n=9)	242.83±7.23^† † p<0.05. (n=6)	270.88±3.60 (n=8)	0.003
	4^th week	310.80±11.00 (n=10)	330.11±7.65 (n=9)	241.60±12.60^† † p<0.05. (n=6)	287.13±4.54 (n=8)	<0.001
	Body weight variation	109.60±9.95 (n=10)	13.22±5.70^* * p<0.01; (n=9)	29.00±9.08^* * p<0.01; (n=6)	92.12±3.32 (n=8)	<0.001; <0.001
Lipids
	Total cholesterol	80.11±4.01 (n=9)	58.75±3.13^* * p<0.01; (n=8)	64.83±2.84^† † p<0.05. (n=6)	83.43±4.02 (n=7)	0.001; 0.037
	HDL-c	37.60±3.75 (n=9)	20.86±1.33^* * p<0.01; (n=8)	31.33±3.66 (n=6)	50.17±2.94^† † p<0.05. (n=7)	0.004; 0.053
	LDL-c	27.33±4.65 (n=9)	30.25±2.18 (n=8)	23.00±3.59 (n=6)	24.83±4.78 (n=7)	0.623
	Triglycerides	75.89±10.00 (n=9)	52.62±3.92 (n=8)	51.33±3.65 (n=6)	45.00±4.01^† † p<0.05. (n=7)	0.013

Pancreas	CC	DC	C100	C200	D100	D200	GD	GC	p value^* * χ2 test.
No changes	28.6	28.6	71.4	28.6	42.9	50.0	42.9	28.6	0.755
Islet hemorrhage	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pancreatic hemorrhage	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hydropic degeneration	0	42.9	0	14.3	0	0	28.6	14.3	0.13
Hyperemia	0	0	0	0	14.3	33.3	0	0	0.08
Pancreatic cysts	14.3	0	0	57.1	57.1	33.3	47.9	14.3	0.06
Islet hyperplasia	42.9	0	28.6	0	0	33.3	0	71.4	0.005
Pancreatic duct dilation	0	28.6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.047

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[1] Corresponding author: Fernanda Oliveira Magalhães Avenida Nenê Sabino, 1,801 − Bairro Universitário Zip code: 38055-500 – Uberaba, MG, Brazil Phone: (55 34) 3319-8933 E-mail: fernanda.magalhaes@uniube.br