Impacts of the special education policy (2008) in Ceará and Fortaleza

Rafante, Heulalia Charalo; Selingardi, Sergio Cristóvão; Silva, Sonia de Oliveira da; Silva, Lenaye Valvassori

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THEMATIC SECTION: SPECIAL EDUCATION • Educ. Pesqui. 45 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-4634201945218350 copy

Impacts of the special education policy (2008) in Ceará and Fortaleza ^* * This article was written originally in Portuguese. The English translation is of full responsibility of Luís Alberto Berteline de França. ORCID: 0000-0001-8954-6090.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This article analyzes the impacts of the National Policy of Special Education in the Inclusive Education Perspective (Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva - PNEEPEI in Portuguese) (2008) in the state of Ceará and in the city of Fortaleza. Bibliographic and documentary research along with examination of the School Census microdata (2010-2017) were conducted regarding enrollment, teachers and schools. The analysis was made in light of dialectical historical materialism, considering the capitalist society divided into antagonistic classes, in which the State / political society, to create and consolidate hegemony, establishes the interrelationship with civil society, which disseminates and articulates elements and influences public policy (GRAMSCI, 2001). In this sense, we sought to understand the different forces present in Brazilian society, which influence the elaboration and implementation of the PNEEPEI. Regarding the School Census, in Ceará and Fortaleza, the results were: increase in the total enrollment of PAEE students in regular education; in relation to Specialized Educational Treatment (Atendimento Educacional Especializado - AEE in Portuguese), there was an increase in the number of students enrolled, teachers, non-exclusive and exclusive schools, but enrollments do not include all special education target audience (Público Alvo da Educação Especial - PAEE in Portuguese) students and there is a shortage of teachers and schools with this service. There have been advances in the inclusion process, but the strength of private institutions is manifested in the expansion of exclusive schools and the partnership established in the organization of the AEE for regular school students, maintaining the parallel system of Special Education. However, it is essential to continue the implementation of the policy and overcome existing contradictions, until guaranteeing the right to education for all PAEE students in the regular school system.

National special education policy from the perspective of inclusive education; Impact of public policy; Special education; School inclusion; School census

Year	Special Needs Total Enrollment	AEE Special Needs Enrollment	% AEE Special Needs Enrollment
2010	2,667	853	32.0%
2011	3,089	1,383	44.8%
2012	3,357	1,323	39.4%
2013	3,660	1,898	51.9%
2014	4,211	2,426	57.6%
2015	5,742	3,026	52.7%
2016	6,376	3,737	58.6%
2017	8,338	4,833	58.0%

Year	Total Enrollment	Special Needs Enrollment	GDD, High Skills Giftedness	Blindness	Low Vision	Deafness	HI	Deafblindness	PD	ID
Year	In AEE	Special Needs Enrollment	GDD, High Skills Giftedness	Blindness	Low Vision	Deafness	HI	Deafblindness	PD	ID
2010	5,468	5,468	1,027	94	303	343	329	3	571	2,798
2011	10,144	10,144	702	158	555	665	524	5	1,037	6,498
2012	10,857	10,857	610	117	633	562	484	8	1,245	7,198
2013	13,108	13,108	766	114	587	638	527	7	1,431	9,038
2014	16,258	16,258	787	158	706	762	578	7	1,747	11,513
2015	19,077	19,077	1,363	163	751	639	639	11	1,796	13,715
2016	21,100	21,100	1,873	160	832	611	626	16	1,859	15,123
2017	23,804	23,804	2,798	154	833	500	709	8	2,059	16,743

Year	Special Needs Total Enrollment	AEE Special Needs Enrollment	% AEE Special Needs Enrollment
2010	21,196	5,468	25.79%
2011	24,075	10,144	42.13%
2012	25,286	10,857	42.93%
2013	27,343	13,108	47.92%
2014	31,813	16,258	51.10%
2015	38,053	19,077	50.13%
2016	41,418	21,100	50.94%
2017	47,333	23,804	50.29%

Year	Total Enrollment	Has Special Needs	GDD High Skills Giftdeness	Blindness	Low Vision	Deafness	HI	Deafblindness	PD	ID
2010	853	853	73	1	37	91	46	0	147	458
2011	1,383	1,383	270	2	37	112	78	3	124	757
2012	1,323	1,323	97	13	45	22	46	1	158	941
2013	1,898	1,898	116	16	53	92	87	2	232	1,300
2014	2,426	2,426	91	22	58	171	126	2	386	1,570
2015	3,026	3,026	407	20	89	122	133	1	309	1,945
2016	3,737	3,737	457	22	118	104	143	6	318	2,569
2017	4,833	4,833	900	25	94	75	173	1	391	3,174

Year	Total Enrollment	Total Special Needs Enrollment	GDD High Skills Giftdeness	Blindness	Low Vision	Deafness	HI	Deafblindness	PD	ID
2010	2,281,851	21,196	2,354	192	5,418	1,057	1,114	19	2,984	8,058
2011	2,226,550	24,075	2,408	231	4,515	1,197	1,168	18	3,304	11,334
2012	2,182,729	25,286	1,948	204	4,091	1,154	1,140	18	3,629	13,102
2013	2,138,491	27,343	1,731	177	3,027	1,044	1,026	16	3,662	16,660
2014	2,109,897	31,813	1,963	186	2,469	1,051	992	19	3,930	21,203
2015	2,029,601	38,053	3,054	213	2,526	1,322	1,102	26	3,997	25,813
2016	2,015,288	41,418	3,774	217	2,471	1,175	1,136	21	3,918	28,706
2017	1,988,510	47,333	5,252	232	2,546	1,058	1,252	11	4,249	32,722

	1 – Regular Education		2 – Special Education		3 – Young and Adult Education		Vocational Education
Year	Total Enrollment	Special Needs Enrollment	Total Enrollment	Special Needs Enrollment	Total Enrollment	Special Needs Enrollment	Total Enrollment
2010	2,281,851	21,196	7,204	7,204	183,887	2,419	-
2011	2,226,550	24,075	4,249	4,249	189,597	2,817	-
2012	2,182,729	25,286	3,630	3,630	199,378	2,710	-
2013	2,138,491	27,343	2,153	2,153	186,796	2,469	-
2014	2,109,897	31,813	1,862	1,862	183,275	2,691	-
2015	2,029,601	38,053	1,580	1,580	162,683	3,235	90,975
2016	2,015,288	41,418	1,338	1,338	165,264	3,095	88,130
2017	1,988,510	47,333	1,390	1,390	169,164	3,259	87,179

Year	Total Enrollment	Total Special Needs Enrollment	GDD High Skills Giftdeness	Blindness	Low Vision	Deafness	HI	Deafblindness	PD	ID
2.010	577.159	2.667	188	17	176	118	184	2	611	1.371
2.011	563.309	3.089	504	24	182	126	196	5	557	1.495
2.012	555.729	3.357	234	23	189	97	179	6	682	1.947
2.013	546.124	3.660	232	20	173	85	153	5	701	2.291
2.014	542.983	4.211	286	21	162	89	150	6	794	2.703
2.015	511.567	5.742	735	51	258	450	224	5	682	3.337
2.016	509.756	6.376	789	63	271	359	261	9	633	3.991
2.017	500.296	8.338	1.557	71	280	330	312	5	760	5.023

	Regular Education		Special Education		Young and Adult Education		Vocational Education
Year	Total Enrollment	Special Needs Enrollment	Total Enrollment	Special Needs Enrollment	Total Enrollment	Special Needs Enrollment	Total Enrollment
2010	577,159	2,667	2,467	2,467	47,625	273	-
2011	563,309	3,089	1,784	1,784	51,532	319	-
2012	555,729	3,357	1,315	1,315	53,804	350	-
2013	546,124	3,660	1,105	1,105	49,306	378	-
2014	542,983	4,211	968	968	48,430	399	-
2015	511,567	5,742	840	840	43,108	582	35,010
2016	509,756	6,376	809	809	45,944	602	30,594
2017	500,296	8,338	791	791	42,153	774	27,170

Year	Not Applicable	Hospital Class	Socio-educational Care Unit	Prison Unit	Complementary activity	AEE	Total
2010	90,289	-	21	67	4,124	465	94,966
2011	90,952	1	6	76	5,643	919	97,597
2012	95,534	2	10	80	7,216	1,136	103,978
2013	98,419	-	27	70	11,401	1,404	111,321
2014	99,160	-	24	61	14,959	1,575	115,779
2015	101,026	-	22	66	13,575	1,738	116,427
2016	102,044	4	14	78	4,088	1,712	107,940
2017	103,095	4	13	54	17,328	1,787	122,281

Year	Not Applicable	Hospital Class	Socio-educational Care Unit	Prison Unit	Complementary activity	AEE	Total
2010	20,485	-	19	1	952	113	21,570
2011	20,985	-	6		1,346	124	22,461
2012	21,583	-	10	4	1,355	189	23,141
2013	21,724	-	26	-	454	247	22,451
2014	23,463	-	21	-	1,649	274	25,407
2015	22,707		20		1,128	291	24,146
2016	24,142	-	12	4	430	293	24,881
2017	24,330	1	14		1,328	318	25,991

Year	General Total of Schools	School offers AEE Non-Exclusively	School offers AEE exclusively	Total Schools offering AEE	% Total Schools with AEE in relation to General Total Schools	% Non-Exclusive Schools with AEE in relation to General Total Schools	% Exclusive Schools with AEE in relation to General Total Schools
2010	9,520	312	9	321	3.37	3.28	0.09
2011	8,980	643	24	667	7.42	7.16	0.26
2012	8,858	804	32	836	9.4	9.6	0.36
2013	8,612	958	51	1009	11.71	11.12	0.58
2014	8,272	1,128	52	1,180	14.26	13.63	0.62
2015	8,149	1,257	52	1,309	16,.06	15.42	0.63
2016	8,061	1,269	54	1,323	16.41	15.74	0.66
2017	7,952	1,357	55	1,412	17.75	17.06	0.67

Year	General Total of Schools	Non-exclusive	Exclusive	Total Schools offering AEE	% Total Schools with AEE in relation to General Total Schools	% Non-Exclusive Schools with AEE in relation to General Total Schools	% Exclusive Schools with AEE in relation to General Total Schools
2010	1,260	67	2	69	5.47	5.32	0.15
2011	1,258	79	3	82	6.51	6.27	0.23
2012	1,303	88	9	97	7.44	6.75	0.69
2013	1,313	115	11	126	9.59	8.75	0.83
2014	1,311	151	11	162	12.34	11.51	0.83
2015	1,303	156	10	166	12.73	11.97	0.76
2016	1,285	171	10	181	14.07	13.30	0.77
2017	1,290	194	10	204	15.81	15.03	0.77

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[1] Heulalia Charalo Rafante is a historian, pedagogue, doctor of Education. Member of the Research Group on the Right to Education - Special Education (NEPEDE-ES). Professor and researcher at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza.

Sergio Cristóvão Selingardi is a historian, a master of education. Teacher of basic education, Mariana, Minas Gerais.

Sonia de Oliveira da Silva is a social scientist, member of the Map Ceará Network Research Group (UFC) and the “Laboratory for Studies in Educational Accountability” (LEACE / UFC). Master student in the Graduate Program in Education PPGE / FACED / UFC, Fortaleza.

Lenaye Valvassori Silva is a pedagogue Member of the Research Group on the Right to Education - Special Education (NEPEDE-ES). Teacher of basic education. Sorocaba, São Paulo.

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Impacts of the special education policy (2008) in Ceará and Fortaleza * * This article was written originally in Portuguese. The English translation is of full responsibility of Luís Alberto Berteline de França. ORCID: 0000-0001-8954-6090.

Abstract

Impacts of the special education policy (2008) in Ceará and Fortaleza ^* * This article was written originally in Portuguese. The English translation is of full responsibility of Luís Alberto Berteline de França. ORCID: 0000-0001-8954-6090.