Private education in Argentina and Brazil *

Almeida, Ana Maria F.; Giovine, Manuel Alejandro; Alves, Maria Teresa G.; Ziegler, Sandra

doi:10.1590/S1517-97022017101177284

Brazil

home Table of contents navigate_before previous current next navigate_next

home Table of contents

Articles • Educ. Pesqui. 43 (4) • Oct-Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-97022017101177284 linkcopy

Private education in Argentina and Brazil ^*

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Exploring the concept of segmentation, this article demonstrates how the expansion of the Argentinian and Brazilian school systems has been associated to processes of school differentiation that have contributed to the production and reproduction of educational inequalities. Based on the analysis of historical statistics on literacy and school enrollment as well as of documents that register the school transformations since the end of the 1800s, the article shows, first, that in both school systems, segmentation processes were and are based on the separation between public and private education rather than on differentiation of public schools curriculum. It shows also that while this type of segmentation is quite recent in Argentina, it is an old feature of the Brazilian school system. Finally, the article documents a progressive convergence between the two systems, as the private schools still offer a reserved space for the schooling of the Brazilian privileged groups and has increasingly played this role in Argentina in the last decades.

Segmentation of school systems; Private and public education; Educational inequalities

Year	Proportion of illiterate people (%)
1869	78,2
1895	54,4
1914	37,9
1947	13,6
1960	8,5
1970	7,4
1980	5,8
1991	3,7
2001	2,6
2010	1,9

Year	Proportion of illiterate people (%)
1900	65.3
1920	65.0
1940	54.5
1960	39.7
1970	33.6
1980	25.4
1991	20.1
2000	13.6
2010	9.6
2013	8.5

Year	Enrollment rate in primary education (%)
1869	20.0
1895	31.0
1914	48.0
1947	73.5
1960	85.6
1970	87.7
1980	90.1
1991	95.7
2001	97.9
2010	98.9

Year	Enrollment rate in elementary school (%)
1970	67,0
1980	80,0
1992	81,4
1993	83,0
1998	91,0
2001	93,4
2003	94,0
2008	94,9
2011	95,6
2013	96,1

Year	Enrollment Rates In Secondary School (%)
1970	32,8
1980	42,2
1991	59,3
2001	71,5
2010	82,2

Year	Enrollment rates in high school (%)
1980	14,3
1992	18,3
1993	19,0
1998	30,0
2001	37,5
2003	43,4
2006	47,3
2008	50,6
2011	51,8
2013	55,3
2014	56,5

	2001	2010	Increase
0-3 years	--	--	--
3-5 years	52,9	67,5	14,6
6-11 years	98,2	99,0	0,8
12-17 years	87,4	89,0	1,6
18-24 years	36,9	36,4	-0,5

	2001	2014	Increase
0-3 years	13,8	29,6	15,8
4-5/6 years	66,4	89,1	22,7
6/7-14 years	94,6	97,5	2,9
15-17 years	77,7	82,6	4,9
18-24 years	34,0	30,0	-4,0

Educational system sector	Enrollments per year (%)										Variation (%) 1996-2014*
Educational system sector	1996	1998	2000	2002	2004	2006	2008	2010	2012	2014	Variation (%) 1996-2014*
State	73,6	72,9	72,8	72,8	72,3	72,0	71,8	72,2	71,7	71,5	18,1
Private	26,4	27,1	27,2	27,2	27,7	28,0	28,2	27,8	28,3	28,5	31,0

Education sector	Enrollments and year (%)
Education sector	1970	1980	1989	1995	2000	2005	2007	2009	2011	2013	2015
Public	-	56,8	69,6	78,3	85,9	87,7	89,3	88,2	87,8	87,2	86,6
Private	-	43,2	30,4	21,7	14,1	12,3	10,7	11,8	12,2	12,8	13,4

Level	Income quintile	1		2		3		4		5		Variation % private
	Years	2007	2014	2007	2014	2007	2014	2007	2014	2007	2014	q1	q5
	Income*	R$76	R$186	R$179	R$408	R$307	R$652	R$503	R$1009	R$1.569	R$2.903	q1	q5
Preschool	Public	91	93	79	89	69	82	50	73	19	42	-2	-23
Preschool	Private	9	7	21	11	31	18	50	27	81	58	-2	-23
School Elementary	Public	98	98	94	96	89	93	72	87	36	58	0	-22
School Elementary	Private	2	2	6	4	11	7	28	13	64	42	0	-22
High school	Public	98	98	96	97	92	96	79	91	45	71	0	-26
High school	Private	2	2	4	3	8	4	21	9	55	29	0	-26
Higher education	Public	41	45	36	38	25	29	21	25	20	21	-4	-1
Higher education	Private	59	55	64	62	75	71	79	75	80	79	-4	-1

Level	Quintile	1		2		3		4		5		Variation % private
	Year Income*	2007	2014	2007	2014	2007	2014	2007	2014	2007	2014	q1	q5
	Year Income*	$155	$1008	$349	$2157	$547	$3308	R$862	$5020	$1917	$10771	q1	q5
Initial education	State	86	89	67	66	53	49	31	37	20	24	-3	-4
Initial education	Private	14	11	33	34	47	51	69	63	80	76	-3	-4
Primary education	State	89	88	70	71	56	53	37	38	34	24	1	10
Primary education	Private	11	12	30	29	44	47	63	62	66	76	1	10
Secondary education	State	90	89	79	80	60	66	47	56	31	38	1	-7
Secondary education	Private	10	11	21	20	40	34	53	44	69	62	1	-7
Higher education	State	80	86	82	88	76	78	72	74	60	71	-6	-11
Higher education	Private	20	14	18	12	24	22	28	26	40	29	-6	-11
Non-university higher education	State	68	77	67	83	55	62	60	65	33	54	-9	-21
Non-university higher education	Private	32	23	33	17	45	38	40	35	67	46	-9	-21
University higher education	State	86	91	86	90	83	84	75	76	66	76	-5	-10
University higher education	Private	14	9	14	10	17	16	25	24	34	24	-5	-10

vertical_align_top file_download show_chart

more_horizclose
- image
- translate
- link
- article
- vertical_align_top
- file_download
- show_chart
- image
- translate
- link
- article

location_on

Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo Av. da Universidade, 308 - Biblioteca, 1º andar 05508-040 - São Paulo SP Brasil, Tel./Fax.: (55 11) 30913520 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revedu@usp.br

rss_feed Stay informed of issues for this journal through your RSS reader

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

[TFN1001] Source: based on data presented by Rivas, Vera,and Bezem (2010) and the Censo Nacional de Población Hogares y Viviendas (INDEC, 2010).