Our purpose is to introduce a discussion on the diversity of tools and institutional arrangements which are mobilized to implement accountability policies. We first present the common dimensions of these policies as well as the diversity of forms they take over in different contexts. We then discuss the existing typologies for these policies and also their limitations before developing our proposal for a dynamic typology of policies and accountability instruments in a third section. The analysis of the evolution of the tools used by the government enables us to delimitate the novelty in the "new" accountability policies and to identify the meanings and the current socio-political challenges of these policies.
Education policies; Accountability; Policy tools; Typology
