Evaluation of the implementation of septic tanks improving the quality of surface waters in rural communities

In most Brazilian cities, rural communities are clustered in the surroundings of streams that supply water and receive their effluents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the conditions of the quality water in Pau Grande catchment, located in Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil, before and after the construction of 20 septic tanks in the community of Castiliano, build in 2006. The monitoring of the basin was conducted between February 2005 and November 2009, using 6 control points. Several water parameters were evaluated: river flow, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total coliform, turbidity and pH. Monitoried points downstream of the construction sites showed an increase of more than 100% in dissolved oxygen and a decrease of fecal coliform bacteria (over 800%). Relatively small investments can bring major improvements to the quality of water resources in rural communities areas.

quality of eater; septic tanks; low cost; rural communities; sanitation