Water quality in a cascade reservoir system – a case study in the Brazilian semiarid region

ABSTRACT

Water scarcity and increasing water demand for multiple uses encourage the construction of reservoirs and water transfer systems between watersheds in various parts of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Although these measures may mitigate the quantitative aspects of water supply, the quality decrease of the available water may become an important limitation. This study aimed to evaluate the water quality in the water transfer system that supplies the metropolitan region of Fortaleza, Ceará. Twenty water quality parameters were analyzed throughout the system followed by the application of the Euclidean distance and Ward's method to group the 13 sampling points according to their similarities. The worsening of the water quality was evident with increasing cyanobacterial concentration, pH, total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and chlorophyll-a. Regarding cyanobacteria, two species were dominant: Oscillatoria sp. and Microcystis sp. while seven were abundant: Merismopedia sp., Cylindrospermopsis sp., Pseudanabaena sp., Anabaena sp., Aphanizomenon sp., Aphanocapsa sp. e Dolichospermum sp. The presence of potentially toxic cyanobacteria and the worsening of water quality make frequent monitoring and the development of alert systems essential for the management of water resources, both from an environmental and public health point of view.

Keywords:
eutrophication; water transfer; cyanobacteria, public water supply