Rainwater harvesting and its relationship with water conservation actions: case study in a universitary hospital, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil

ABSTRACT

The implementation of rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) in buildings with significant water consumption, such as hospitals, can bring both economic and environmental benefits to users. However, it is considered by some the last action to be implemented in the conservation of water in these institutions, recommending at a first moment actions to reduce consumption. That is why the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of water saving by means of the implementation of a RWHS as an alternative of water supply and to establish comparisons with water uses conservations actions, having as an object of study the University Hospital of the Federal University of São Carlos - SP (UH). This was determined by a methodology based on the water balance as a function of the water demands for different uses in the UH and in relation to the buildings currently in operation and future extensions, planned in the phases; optimal storage size analysis and consumption reduction assessment with greater loss control and replacement of existing technologies with cost-saving devices over the same periods. With the determination of the supply - demand relationship, RWHS’s implementation showed a water saving potential of 57% of the current consumption and 19% of the projected end, while the decreasing actions indicated values of 37 to 24% for the same scenarios. Combined actions for rainwater harvesting and reducing water consumption can save between 71% of current consumption and 39% at the end of the project, which are considered to be significant levels and reflect the needs of strategic water management with financial, environmental and social benefits.

Keywords:
rainwater harvesting; potential for water saving; more sustainable buildings; water conservation in health facilities