Character strengths in the Brazilian northeast region: Contributions of personality beyond age and sex

COUTO, Ricardo Neves; FONSÊCA, Patrícia Nunes da

doi:10.1590/1982-0275201936e180137

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Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas)

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Psychological Assessment • Estud. psicol. 36 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275201936e180137 copy

Character strengths in the Brazilian northeast region: Contributions of personality beyond age and sex

Forças de caráter no nordeste brasileiro: contribuições da personalidade para além de idade e sexo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective was to verify to what extent the personality traits explain character strengths, controlling the effect of age and sex. A total of 251 individuals living in the Northeast region of Brazil (M_age = 18.51, SD = 9.03), 66.9% of which were women, answered a booklet containing the Character Strengths Scale, Five Major Factors Inventory (Big Five) and demographic issues. From the correlations, followed by multiple hierarchical regressions, it was found that age and sex were important to explain some strengths. Controlling the effect of these demographic variables, it was observed that the kindness, conscientiousness, extroversion and openness to experience personality traits directly explained these strengths, unlike the neuroticism trait, which did it inversely. Backed by the empirical evidence, it can be concluded that character strengths can be explained by personality traits and demographic variables (sex and age), collaborating with the expansion of knowledge in the area and understanding the positive aspects of the human being.

Keywords
Character strengths; Northeast; Personality; Social Psychology

Strengths	Descriptive: Strengths		Big Five
Strengths	M	SD	O	C	E	K	N
Creativity	7.40	2.19	0.55^ p < 0.001.	0.42^ p < 0.001.	0.36^ p < 0.001.	0.21^ p < 0.001.	-0.09
Curiosity	9.57	2.12	0.41^ p < 0.001.	0.29^ p < 0.001.	0.33^ p < 0.001.	0.30^ p < 0.001.	0.02
Critical thinking	9.01	1.97	0.27^ p < 0.001.	0.33^ p < 0.001.	0.17^ p < 0.001.	0.24^ p < 0.001.	-0.17^ p < 0.001.
Love for learning	9.06	2.37	0.38^ p < 0.001.	0.32^ p < 0.001.	0.36^ p < 0.001.	0.27^ p < 0.001.	-0.03
Wisdom	7.34	2.27	0.26^ p < 0.001.	0.34^ p < 0.001.	0.33^ p < 0.001.	0.32^ p < 0.001.	-0.17^ p < 0.001.
Bravery	7.69	2.62	0.30^ p < 0.001.	0.29^ p < 0.001.	0.43^ p < 0.001.	0.45^ p < 0.001.	-0.09
Perseverance	9.03	2.42	0.21^ p < 0.001.	0.50^ p < 0.001.	0.28^ p < 0.001.	0.22^ p < 0.001.	-0.10
Authenticity	8.53	2.17	0.28^ p < 0.001.	0.28^ p < 0.001.	0.26^ p < 0.001.	0.30^ p < 0.001.	0.05
Vitality	7.82	2.92	0.36^ p < 0.001.	0.40^ p < 0.001.	0.64^ p < 0.001.	0.46^ p < 0.001.	-0.16^* * p < 0.05;
Love	8.08	2.55	0.22^ p < 0.001.	0.26^ p < 0.001.	0.50^ p < 0.001.	0.48^ p < 0.001.	-0.11
Goodness	9.79	1.92	0.20^ p < 0.001.	0.28^ p < 0.001.	0.40^ p < 0.001.	0.62^ p < 0.001.	-0.02
Social intelligence	7.98	2.29	0.29^ p < 0.001.	0.39^ p < 0.001.	0.67^ p < 0.001.	0.37^ p < 0.001.	-0.04
Citizenship principles	8.53	2.26	0.36^ p < 0.001.	0.40^ p < 0.001.	0.49^ p < 0.001.	0.47^ p < 0.001.	-0.13^* * p < 0.05;
Impartiality	9.25	1.88	0.12	0.32^ p < 0.001.	0.22^ p < 0.001.	0.40^ p < 0.001.	0.01
Leadership	7.61	2.57	0.25^ p < 0.001.	0.52^ p < 0.001.	0.44^ p < 0.001.	0.31^ p < 0.001.	-0.09
Forgiveness	7.19	2.83	0.18^ p < 0.001.	0.18^ p < 0.001.	0.19^ p < 0.001.	0.66^ p < 0.001.	-0.18^ p < 0.001.
Modesty	9.20	2.10	0.14^* * p < 0.05;	0.27^ p < 0.001.	0.16^* * p < 0.05;	0.45^ p < 0.001.	-0.06
Prudence	8.67	2.33	0.20^ p < 0.001.	0.26^ p < 0.001.	0.06	0.27^ p < 0.001.	-0.25^ p < 0.001.
Self-regulation	7.26	2.61	0.15^* * p < 0.05;	0.29^ p < 0.001.	0.09	0.25^ p < 0.001.	-0.36^ p < 0.001.
Appreciation of beauty	6.28	1.52	0.31^* * p < 0.05;	0.16^* * p < 0.05;	0.42^ p < 0.001.	0.30^ p < 0.001.	-0.04
Gratitude	9.69	2.40	0.24^ p < 0.001.	0.25^ p < 0.001.	0.38^ p < 0.001.	0.51^ p < 0.001.	-0.04
Mood	7.69	2.86	0.40^ p < 0.001.	0.20^ p < 0.001.	0.62^ p < 0.001.	0.44^ p < 0.001.	-0.23^ p < 0.001.
Hope	9.04	2.63	0.21^ p < 0.001.	0.24^ p < 0.001.	0.41^ p < 0.001.	0.42^ p < 0.001.	-0.21^ p < 0.001.
Spirituality	8.82	3.17	0.24^ p < 0.001.	0.25^ p < 0.001.	0.40^ p < 0.001.	0.43^ p < 0.001.	0.01

Strengths	Demographics		Big Five					Models
Strengths	Age	Sex^a a sex: 1 = Male and 2 = Female; R2: variance explained by the model; C: Conscientiousness; E: Extroversion; K: Kindness; N: Neuroticism; O: Openness to experiences.	O	C	E	K	N	1ºR²	2ºR²
Creativity	0.07	-0.12^* * p < 0.05;	0.44^ p < 0.001	0.29^ p < 0.001	0.08	-0.03		0.05^ p < 0.001	0.40^ p < 0.001
Curiosity	-0.07	-0.03	0.30^ p < 0.001	0.16^* * p < 0.05;	0.11	0.14^* * p < 0.05;		0.03	0.25^ p < 0.001
Critical thinking	-0.07	0.12^* * p < 0.05;	0.20^ p < 0.001	0.29^ p < 0.001	-0.07	0.15^* * p < 0.05;	-0.17^* * p < 0.05;	0.02^* * p < 0.05;	0.22^ p < 0.001
Love for learning	0.10	-0.02	0.24^ p < 0.001	0.19^ p < 0.001	0.14^* * p < 0.05;	0.09^* * p < 0.05;		0.04	0.25^ p < 0.001
Wisdom	-0.03	-0.07	0.12^* * p < 0.05;	0.22^ p < 0.001	0.13^* * p < 0.05;	0.17^* * p < 0.05;	-0.17^* * p < 0.05;	0.02	0.24^ p < 0.001
Bravery	0.05	-0.10^* * p < 0.05;	0.09	0.11^* * p < 0.05;	0.22^ p < 0.001	0.30^ p < 0.001		0.04^* * p < 0.05;	0.31^ p < 0.001
Perseverance	0.01	-0.05	0.07	0.43^ p < 0.001	0.09	0.05		0.02	0.26^ p < 0.001
Authenticity	0.15^* * p < 0.05;	0.14^* * p < 0.05;	0.17*	0.16^* * p < 0.05;	0.04	0.17^* * p < 0.05;		0.07^ p < 0.001	0.20^ p < 0.001
Vitality	0.11^* * p < 0.05;	-0.07	0.08	0.17^ p < 0.001	0.44^ p < 0.001	0.18^ p < 0.001	-0.13^* * p < 0.05;	0.08^ p < 0.001	0.52^ p < 0.001
Love	-0.09	0.06	-0.02	0.09	0.37^ p < 0.001	0.31^ p < 0.001		0.01	0.35^ p < 0.001
Goodness	0.03	0.01	-0.03	0.09	0.15^* * p < 0.05;	0.54^ p < 0.001		0.02^* * p < 0.05;	0.42^ p < 0.001
Social intelligence	0.01	0.04	0.07	0.24^ p < 0.001	0.29^ p < 0.001	0.16^* * p < 0.05;		0.02^* * p < 0.05;	0.31^ p < 0.001
Citizenship principles	0.08	-0.03	0.14^* * p < 0.05;	0.21^ p < 0.001	0.23^ p < 0.001	0.26^ p < 0.001	-0.13^* * p < 0.05;	0.04^* * p < 0.05;	0.41^ p < 0.001
Impartiality	0.14^* * p < 0.05;	-0.01		0.21^ p < 0.001	-0.02	0.33^ p < 0.001		0.05^* * p < 0.05;	0.22^ p < 0.001
Leadership	-0.04	-0.01	0.03	0.41^ p < 0.001	0.26^ p < 0.001	0.08		0.01	0.36^ p < 0.001
Forgiveness	-0.08	-0.07	0.04	0.05	-0.14^* * p < 0.05;	0.70^ p < 0.001	-0.15^* * p < 0.05;	0.01	0.49^ p < 0.001
Modesty	0.06	0.07	0.03	0.17^* * p < 0.05;	-0.11^* * p < 0.05;	0.43^ p < 0.001		0.02^* * p < 0.05;	0.24^ p < 0.001
Prudence	-0.09	-0.05	0.13^* * p < 0.05;	0.19^* * p < 0.05;		0.19^* * p < 0.05;	-0.26^ p < 0.001	0.01	0.20^ p < 0.001
Self-regulation	-0.06	-0.08	0.07	0.26^ p < 0.001		0.16^* * p < 0.05;	-0.35^ p < 0.001	0.02	0.26^ p < 0.001
Appreciation of beauty	-0.01	-0.02	0.14^* * p < 0.05;	0.01	0.31^ p < 0.001	0.13^* * p < 0.05;		0.01	0.21^ p < 0.001
Gratitude	0.06	0.14^* * p < 0.05;	0.05	0.07	0.16^* * p < 0.05;	0.40^ p < 0.001		0.05^* * p < 0.05;	0.32^ p < 0.001
Mood	-0.10^* * p < 0.05;	-0.05	0.18^* * p < 0.05;	-0.03	0.48^ p < 0.001	0.19^ p < 0.001	-0.21^ p < 0.001	0.01	0.50^ p < 0.001
Hope	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.08	0.24^ p < 0.001	0.27^ p < 0.001	-0.20^ p < 0.001	0.02^* * p < 0.05;	0.29^ p < 0.001
Spirituality	0.04	0.21^ p < 0.001	0.06	0.08	0.22^* * p < 0.05;	0.28^ p < 0.001		0.07^ p < 0.001	0.29^ p < 0.001

Strengths	O	C	E	K	N
Creativity	(+)	(+)
Curiosity	(+)	(+)		(+)
Critical thinking	(+)	(+)		(+)	(-)
Love for learning	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)
Wisdom	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(-)
Bravery			(+)	(+)	(+)
Perseverance			(+)
Authenticity	(+)	(+)		(+)
Vitality		(+)	(+)	(+)	(-)
Love			(+)	(+)
Goodness			(+)	(+)
Social intelligence		(+)	(+)	(+)
Citizenship principles	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(-)
Impartiality		(+)		(+)
Leadership		(+)	(+)
Forgiveness			(+)	(+)	(-)
Modesty		(+)	(+)	(+)
Prudence	(+)	(+)		(+)	(-)
Self-regulation		(+)		(+)	(-)
Appreciation of beauty	(+)		(+)	(+)
Gratitude			(+)	(+)
Mood	(+)		(+)	(+)	(-)
Hope			(+)	(+)	(-)
Spirituality			(+)	(+)

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondência para/Correspondence to: R.N. COUTO. E-mail: r.nevescouto@gmail.com>.