Forças de caráter no nordeste brasileiro: contribuições da personalidade para além de idade e sexo

COUTO, Ricardo Neves; FONSÊCA, Patrícia Nunes da

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Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas)

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Psychological Assessment • Estud. psicol. 36 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275201936e180137 copiar

Forças de caráter no nordeste brasileiro: contribuições da personalidade para além de idade e sexo

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Objetivou-se verificar em que medida os traços de personalidade explicam as forças de caráter, controlando o efeito da idade e do sexo. Participaram 251 pessoas residentes no nordeste brasileiro (M_idade = 18,51, DP = 9,03), 66,9% mulheres, respondendo um livreto contendo a Escala de Forças de Caráter, Inventário dos Cinco Grandes Fatores e questões demográficas. A partir de correlações, seguidas de regressões múltiplas hierárquicas, verificou-se que idade e sexo foram importantes para explicar algumas forças. Controlando o efeito dessas variáveis demográficas, observou-se que os traços de personalidade amabilidade, conscienciosidade, extroversão e abertura à experiencia explicaram diretamente as forças, ao contrário do traço neuroticismo, que o fez de maneira inversa. Respaldados pelas evidências empíricas, conclui-se que as forças de caráter podem ser explicadas pelos traços de personalidade e variáveis demográficas (sexo e idade), colaborando com a expansão do conhecimento na área e no entendimento dos aspectos positivos do ser humano.

Palavras-chave
Forças de caráter; Nordeste; Personalidade; Psicologia Social

Strengths	Descriptive: Strengths		Big Five
Strengths	M	SD	O	C	E	K	N
Creativity	7.40	2.19	0.55^ p < 0.001.	0.42^ p < 0.001.	0.36^ p < 0.001.	0.21^ p < 0.001.	-0.09
Curiosity	9.57	2.12	0.41^ p < 0.001.	0.29^ p < 0.001.	0.33^ p < 0.001.	0.30^ p < 0.001.	0.02
Critical thinking	9.01	1.97	0.27^ p < 0.001.	0.33^ p < 0.001.	0.17^ p < 0.001.	0.24^ p < 0.001.	-0.17^ p < 0.001.
Love for learning	9.06	2.37	0.38^ p < 0.001.	0.32^ p < 0.001.	0.36^ p < 0.001.	0.27^ p < 0.001.	-0.03
Wisdom	7.34	2.27	0.26^ p < 0.001.	0.34^ p < 0.001.	0.33^ p < 0.001.	0.32^ p < 0.001.	-0.17^ p < 0.001.
Bravery	7.69	2.62	0.30^ p < 0.001.	0.29^ p < 0.001.	0.43^ p < 0.001.	0.45^ p < 0.001.	-0.09
Perseverance	9.03	2.42	0.21^ p < 0.001.	0.50^ p < 0.001.	0.28^ p < 0.001.	0.22^ p < 0.001.	-0.10
Authenticity	8.53	2.17	0.28^ p < 0.001.	0.28^ p < 0.001.	0.26^ p < 0.001.	0.30^ p < 0.001.	0.05
Vitality	7.82	2.92	0.36^ p < 0.001.	0.40^ p < 0.001.	0.64^ p < 0.001.	0.46^ p < 0.001.	-0.16^* * p < 0.05;
Love	8.08	2.55	0.22^ p < 0.001.	0.26^ p < 0.001.	0.50^ p < 0.001.	0.48^ p < 0.001.	-0.11
Goodness	9.79	1.92	0.20^ p < 0.001.	0.28^ p < 0.001.	0.40^ p < 0.001.	0.62^ p < 0.001.	-0.02
Social intelligence	7.98	2.29	0.29^ p < 0.001.	0.39^ p < 0.001.	0.67^ p < 0.001.	0.37^ p < 0.001.	-0.04
Citizenship principles	8.53	2.26	0.36^ p < 0.001.	0.40^ p < 0.001.	0.49^ p < 0.001.	0.47^ p < 0.001.	-0.13^* * p < 0.05;
Impartiality	9.25	1.88	0.12	0.32^ p < 0.001.	0.22^ p < 0.001.	0.40^ p < 0.001.	0.01
Leadership	7.61	2.57	0.25^ p < 0.001.	0.52^ p < 0.001.	0.44^ p < 0.001.	0.31^ p < 0.001.	-0.09
Forgiveness	7.19	2.83	0.18^ p < 0.001.	0.18^ p < 0.001.	0.19^ p < 0.001.	0.66^ p < 0.001.	-0.18^ p < 0.001.
Modesty	9.20	2.10	0.14^* * p < 0.05;	0.27^ p < 0.001.	0.16^* * p < 0.05;	0.45^ p < 0.001.	-0.06
Prudence	8.67	2.33	0.20^ p < 0.001.	0.26^ p < 0.001.	0.06	0.27^ p < 0.001.	-0.25^ p < 0.001.
Self-regulation	7.26	2.61	0.15^* * p < 0.05;	0.29^ p < 0.001.	0.09	0.25^ p < 0.001.	-0.36^ p < 0.001.
Appreciation of beauty	6.28	1.52	0.31^* * p < 0.05;	0.16^* * p < 0.05;	0.42^ p < 0.001.	0.30^ p < 0.001.	-0.04
Gratitude	9.69	2.40	0.24^ p < 0.001.	0.25^ p < 0.001.	0.38^ p < 0.001.	0.51^ p < 0.001.	-0.04
Mood	7.69	2.86	0.40^ p < 0.001.	0.20^ p < 0.001.	0.62^ p < 0.001.	0.44^ p < 0.001.	-0.23^ p < 0.001.
Hope	9.04	2.63	0.21^ p < 0.001.	0.24^ p < 0.001.	0.41^ p < 0.001.	0.42^ p < 0.001.	-0.21^ p < 0.001.
Spirituality	8.82	3.17	0.24^ p < 0.001.	0.25^ p < 0.001.	0.40^ p < 0.001.	0.43^ p < 0.001.	0.01

Strengths	Demographics		Big Five					Models
Strengths	Age	Sex^a a sex: 1 = Male and 2 = Female; R2: variance explained by the model; C: Conscientiousness; E: Extroversion; K: Kindness; N: Neuroticism; O: Openness to experiences.	O	C	E	K	N	1ºR²	2ºR²
Creativity	0.07	-0.12^* * p < 0.05;	0.44^ p < 0.001	0.29^ p < 0.001	0.08	-0.03		0.05^ p < 0.001	0.40^ p < 0.001
Curiosity	-0.07	-0.03	0.30^ p < 0.001	0.16^* * p < 0.05;	0.11	0.14^* * p < 0.05;		0.03	0.25^ p < 0.001
Critical thinking	-0.07	0.12^* * p < 0.05;	0.20^ p < 0.001	0.29^ p < 0.001	-0.07	0.15^* * p < 0.05;	-0.17^* * p < 0.05;	0.02^* * p < 0.05;	0.22^ p < 0.001
Love for learning	0.10	-0.02	0.24^ p < 0.001	0.19^ p < 0.001	0.14^* * p < 0.05;	0.09^* * p < 0.05;		0.04	0.25^ p < 0.001
Wisdom	-0.03	-0.07	0.12^* * p < 0.05;	0.22^ p < 0.001	0.13^* * p < 0.05;	0.17^* * p < 0.05;	-0.17^* * p < 0.05;	0.02	0.24^ p < 0.001
Bravery	0.05	-0.10^* * p < 0.05;	0.09	0.11^* * p < 0.05;	0.22^ p < 0.001	0.30^ p < 0.001		0.04^* * p < 0.05;	0.31^ p < 0.001
Perseverance	0.01	-0.05	0.07	0.43^ p < 0.001	0.09	0.05		0.02	0.26^ p < 0.001
Authenticity	0.15^* * p < 0.05;	0.14^* * p < 0.05;	0.17*	0.16^* * p < 0.05;	0.04	0.17^* * p < 0.05;		0.07^ p < 0.001	0.20^ p < 0.001
Vitality	0.11^* * p < 0.05;	-0.07	0.08	0.17^ p < 0.001	0.44^ p < 0.001	0.18^ p < 0.001	-0.13^* * p < 0.05;	0.08^ p < 0.001	0.52^ p < 0.001
Love	-0.09	0.06	-0.02	0.09	0.37^ p < 0.001	0.31^ p < 0.001		0.01	0.35^ p < 0.001
Goodness	0.03	0.01	-0.03	0.09	0.15^* * p < 0.05;	0.54^ p < 0.001		0.02^* * p < 0.05;	0.42^ p < 0.001
Social intelligence	0.01	0.04	0.07	0.24^ p < 0.001	0.29^ p < 0.001	0.16^* * p < 0.05;		0.02^* * p < 0.05;	0.31^ p < 0.001
Citizenship principles	0.08	-0.03	0.14^* * p < 0.05;	0.21^ p < 0.001	0.23^ p < 0.001	0.26^ p < 0.001	-0.13^* * p < 0.05;	0.04^* * p < 0.05;	0.41^ p < 0.001
Impartiality	0.14^* * p < 0.05;	-0.01		0.21^ p < 0.001	-0.02	0.33^ p < 0.001		0.05^* * p < 0.05;	0.22^ p < 0.001
Leadership	-0.04	-0.01	0.03	0.41^ p < 0.001	0.26^ p < 0.001	0.08		0.01	0.36^ p < 0.001
Forgiveness	-0.08	-0.07	0.04	0.05	-0.14^* * p < 0.05;	0.70^ p < 0.001	-0.15^* * p < 0.05;	0.01	0.49^ p < 0.001
Modesty	0.06	0.07	0.03	0.17^* * p < 0.05;	-0.11^* * p < 0.05;	0.43^ p < 0.001		0.02^* * p < 0.05;	0.24^ p < 0.001
Prudence	-0.09	-0.05	0.13^* * p < 0.05;	0.19^* * p < 0.05;		0.19^* * p < 0.05;	-0.26^ p < 0.001	0.01	0.20^ p < 0.001
Self-regulation	-0.06	-0.08	0.07	0.26^ p < 0.001		0.16^* * p < 0.05;	-0.35^ p < 0.001	0.02	0.26^ p < 0.001
Appreciation of beauty	-0.01	-0.02	0.14^* * p < 0.05;	0.01	0.31^ p < 0.001	0.13^* * p < 0.05;		0.01	0.21^ p < 0.001
Gratitude	0.06	0.14^* * p < 0.05;	0.05	0.07	0.16^* * p < 0.05;	0.40^ p < 0.001		0.05^* * p < 0.05;	0.32^ p < 0.001
Mood	-0.10^* * p < 0.05;	-0.05	0.18^* * p < 0.05;	-0.03	0.48^ p < 0.001	0.19^ p < 0.001	-0.21^ p < 0.001	0.01	0.50^ p < 0.001
Hope	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.08	0.24^ p < 0.001	0.27^ p < 0.001	-0.20^ p < 0.001	0.02^* * p < 0.05;	0.29^ p < 0.001
Spirituality	0.04	0.21^ p < 0.001	0.06	0.08	0.22^* * p < 0.05;	0.28^ p < 0.001		0.07^ p < 0.001	0.29^ p < 0.001

Strengths	O	C	E	K	N
Creativity	(+)	(+)
Curiosity	(+)	(+)		(+)
Critical thinking	(+)	(+)		(+)	(-)
Love for learning	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)
Wisdom	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(-)
Bravery			(+)	(+)	(+)
Perseverance			(+)
Authenticity	(+)	(+)		(+)
Vitality		(+)	(+)	(+)	(-)
Love			(+)	(+)
Goodness			(+)	(+)
Social intelligence		(+)	(+)	(+)
Citizenship principles	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(-)
Impartiality		(+)		(+)
Leadership		(+)	(+)
Forgiveness			(+)	(+)	(-)
Modesty		(+)	(+)	(+)
Prudence	(+)	(+)		(+)	(-)
Self-regulation		(+)		(+)	(-)
Appreciation of beauty	(+)		(+)	(+)
Gratitude			(+)	(+)
Mood	(+)		(+)	(+)	(-)
Hope			(+)	(+)	(-)
Spirituality			(+)	(+)

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondência para/Correspondence to: R.N. COUTO. E-mail: r.nevescouto@gmail.com>.