Predictors of adherence to the COVID-19 pandemic control guidelines

HILDEBRANDT, Fernanda Martins Pereira; COSTA, Icaro Moreira; MENESES, Liza Maria Studart de; ARAÚJO NETO, João Lins de; MELO, Cynthia de Freitas

doi:10.1590/1982-0275202239e200232

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HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY • Estud. psicol. 39 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202239e200232 copy

Predictors of adherence to the COVID-19 pandemic control guidelines

Preditores de adesão às orientações de controle da pandemia de COVID-19

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, governments adopted measures to contain the disease, whose adherence is determined by multiple factors. In order to guide more effective prevention strategies, the present study aimed to identify predictors of adherence behavior to the COVID-19 pandemic control guidelines. A survey was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample composed of 2,705 Brazilians, who answered an instrument with six questionnaires (adherence to the pandemic control measures, emotions, empathy, altruism, coping, and biodemographic), whose data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. It was found that the agreement with the guidelines of the World Health Organization for pandemic control, disagreement with the position of the country’s president, altruism, coping capacity, belonging to the risk group, and having close contact (at home) with people from the risk group are predictors of adherence behavior. It is concluded that preventive actions must consider these variables for greater effectiveness.

Keywords
Communicable disease control; Coronavirus infections; Public health surveillance; Treatment adherence and compliance

Variables		n	%
Sex
	Male	606	22.40
	Female	2099	77.60
Family income
	No income	317	11.70
	Below BRL 1000	178	06.60
	Between BRL 1001 and BRL 2000	376	13.90
	Between BRL 2001 and BRL 3000	350	12.90
	Between BRL 3001 and BRL 4000	273	10.10
	Between BRL 4001 and BRL 5000	260	09.60
	Above BRL 5000	951	35.20
Educational level
	Elementary/Middle School	18	00.70
	High School	200	07.40
	Incomplete Higher Education	512	18.90
	Complete Higher Education	659	24.40
	Graduate Studies	1316	48.70
Region of residence (in Brazil)
	Northern	78	02.90
	Northeastern	1298	48.00
	Midwestern	51	01.90
	Southeastern	698	25.80
	Southern	580	21.40
The individual is part of the risk group
	Yes	824	30.50
	No	1881	69.50
The individual has close contact (at home) with people from the risk group
	Yes	1471	54.40
	No	1234	45.60
COVID-19 infection history record
	The individual has or has had COVID-19	138	5.10
	The individual has not had COVID-19	2567	94.90
The individual agrees with the position of the World Health Organization
	The individual agrees with the World Health Organization	2382	88.10
	The individual disagrees with the World Health Organization	323	11.90
The individual agrees with the position of the current president
	The individual agrees with the president	349	12.90
	The individual disagrees with the president	2356	87.10

Variables	Minimum	Maximum	M	SD
Adherence to the pandemic control guidelines	3.00	15.00	14.38	1.35
Altruism	4.00	20.00	17.55	2.24
Empathy	4.00	20.00	14.95	2.22
Coping	0.00	12.00	07.56	2.35
Positive emotions	3.00	15.00	09.29	2.89
Negative emotions	3.00	15.00	07.85	2.58

Variables		Distribution
Variables		M	SD	Median	IR
Comparison between adherence rates and belonging to the risk group (U = 708627.500; p < 0.001)
	The individual belongs to the risk group	14.51	0.042	15.00	0.00
	The individual does not belong to the risk group	14.32	0.320	15.00	1.00
Comparison between adherence rates and residing with people who are part of the risk group (U = 843986.500; p < 0.001)
	The individual resides with people from the risk group	14.46	0.030	15.00	1.00
	The individual does not reside with people from the risk group	14.27	0.040	15.00	1.00
Comparison between adherence rates and agreeing with the position of the WHO (U = 141490.500; p < 0.001)
	The individual agrees with the WHO	14.60	0.020	15.00	0.00
	The individual does not agree with the WHO	12.74	0.120	13.00	2.00
Comparison between adherence rates and agreeing with the position of the president (U = 154116.000; p < 0.001)
	The individual agrees with the president	12.84	0.110	13.00	2.00
	The individual does not agree with the president	14.60	0.020	15.00	0.00

Predictors of adherence	Linear regression (Raw model)				Linear regression (Adjusted model)
Predictors of adherence	R² (%)	β	t	p	R ² (%)	β	t	p
The individual agrees with the WHO	19.8	0.262	9.443	< 0.001	18.9	0.256	9.144	< 0.001
The individual agrees with the president	1.8	-0.225	-8.108	< 0.001	1.9	-0.226	-8.126	< 0.001
Altruism	1.7	0.107	6.237	< 0.001	1.0	0.930	5.275	< 0.001
Coping	0.6	0.080	4.703	< 0.001	0.6	0.077	4.530	< 0.001
The individual is part of the risk group	0.5	0.064	3.812	< 0.001	0.2	0.048	2.544	< 0.001
The individual has close contact (at home) with people from the risk group	0.2	0.045	2.668	< 0.05	0.2	0.048	2.804	< 0.05

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondence to: C.F. MELO. E-mail: cf.melo@yahoo.com.br.