Entre os princípios éticos da prática da avaliação psicológica destaca-se a necessidade do uso de testes fidedignos para responder às demandas da população emergente. Com esse propósito, buscou-se evidenciar a validade do Zulliger Sistema Compreensivo considerando os construtos autopercepção e relações interpessoais. Participaram do estudo 61 idosos, 30 com doença de Parkinson e 31 livres da doença, de ambos os sexos. O primeiro grupo apresentou aumento das variáveis de Detalhe humano (p = 0,02, d = 0,50), Conteúdo mórbido (p = 0,025, d = 0,62), Somatório de sombreado vista (p = 0,016, d = 0,72), Alimento (p = 0,021, d = 0,61) e Rebaixamento em detalhe para-humano (p = 0,012, d = -0,65) e Respostas personalizadas (p = 0,003, d = -0,48). Houve associação positiva entre variáveis do Zulliger Sistema Compreensivo e idade, renda e severidade da doença e associação negativa com o tempo de diagnóstico. Os resultados ratificam a validade do Zulliger Sistema Compreensivo e estimulam novos estudos.

Keywords:
Doença crônica; Velhice; Técnicas projetivas; Avaliação psicológica

Autoria

Margarete RIEN

Universidade de Passo Fundo, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Envelhecimento Humano. BR 285, Caixa Postal 611, São José, 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Universidade de Passo FundoBrazilPasso Fundo, RS, BrazilUniversidade de Passo Fundo, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Envelhecimento Humano. BR 285, Caixa Postal 611, São José, 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil.

Silvana Alba SCORTEGAGNA

Jucelaine Bier Di Domenico GRAZZIOTIN

Telma Elita BERTOLIN

Correspondência para/Correspondence to: S.A. SCORTEGAGNA. E-mail: <silvanalba@upf.br>.

Contributors

M. RIEN was responsible for designing and delineating the study, analysis and interpretation of the data, relevant critical writing of the content of the manuscript, for all aspects of the work, including the guarantee of its precision and integrity. S.A. SCORTEGAGNA participated in the design and delineation of the study, analysis and interpretation of the data and critical writing of the content of the manuscript, responsible for the final approval of the version to be published, including the guarantee of its precision and integrity. J.B.D. GRAZZIOTIN worked on the analysis and interpretation of the data and critical writing of the manuscript, including the guarantee of its precision and integrity. T.E. BERTOLIN participated in the design and of the study, and data analysis.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tabelas

Tabelas (3)

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Table 1
Comparison between the variables of self-perception and interpersonal relationship groupings of the ZCS

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Table 2
Relationships between the ZCS variables and age, income, level of education, disease severity, and time since diagnosis in older adults with PD

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Table 3
Socio-demographic characteristics of the samples studied

Table 1 Comparison between the variables of self-perception and interpersonal relationship groupings of the ZCS

Variables	CG (n = 30)	NCG (n = 31)	p	CG (n = 30)		NCG (n = 31)		d
Variables	(p25 - p75)	(p25 - p75)	p	M	SD	M	SD
Pure H	1.0 (1.0 - 2.0)	1.0 (0.0 - 2.0)	0.175	1.23	0.77	1.00	1.03	0.25
(H)	0.0 (0.0 - 1.0)	0.0 (0.0 - 1.0)	0.286	0.33	0.55	0.52	0.68	0.31
Hd	0.0 (0.0 - 1.3)	0.0 (0.0 - 1.0)	0.002*	1.00	1.51	0.42	0.62	0.50
(Hd)	0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)	0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)	0.012*	0.00	0.00	0.23	0.50	-0.65
Sum H	2.0 (1.0 - 4.3)	1.0 (0.0 - 2.0)	0.132	2.57	1.81	2.16	1.53	0.24
MOR	0.0 (0.0 - 1.0)	0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)	0.025*	0.50	0.78	0.13	0.34	0.62
Sum V	0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)	0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)	0.016*	0.30	0.47	0.03	0.25	0.72
Sum T	0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)	0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)	0.091	0.30	0.53	0.61	0.84	-0.44
Fd	0.0 (0.0 - 0.3)	0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)	0.021*	0.23	0.43	0.03	0.18	0.61
Social withdrawal	1.0 (0.0 - 2.3)	1.0 (0.0 - 3.0)	0.970	1.57	1.50	1.61	1.61	-0.02
PER	0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)	0.0 (0.0 - 1.0)	0.003*	0.13	0.35	0.58	0.67	-0.48
An+Xy	0.0 (0.0 - 1.0)	0.0 (0.0 - 1.0)	0.517	0.53	0.73	0.74	1.00	0.24
PHR	0.5 (0.0 - 2.0)	1.0 (0.0 - 2.0)	0.367	1.20	1.65	1.16	1.04	0.03
GHR	1.0 (0.0 - 2.0)	1.0 (0.0 - 2.0)	0.838	1.23	1.10	1.16	1.00	0.06

Note: ZCS: Zulliger Test in the Comprehensive System; CG: Clinical Group; NCG: Non-Clinical Group.
ZCS variables: Pure H: whole human; (H): whole human fictional; Hd: Human detail; (Hd): Human detail fictional; Sum H: Human content; MOR: Morbid content; Sum V: Vista responses; Sum T: Shading-texture; Fd: Food responses; PER: Personalized Responses; An+Xy: Anatomy + X-ray; PHR: Poor Human Representations; GHR: Good Human Representations. Median values (p25 - p75); p: probability; *p < 0.05; M: Mean; SD: Standard Deviation; d: Cohen’s d.

Table 2 Relationships between the ZCS variables and age, income, level of education, disease severity, and time since diagnosis in older adults with PD

Variables	Age	Income	Level of education	Disease severity	Time since diagnosis
R
r_S:	0.02	-0.24	0.14	-0.10	-0.08
p:	0.912	0.208	0.469	0.595	0.688
H
r_S:	-0.15	0.49	0.11	-0.08	-0.08
p:	0.431	0.006*	0.569	0.674	0.678
(H)
r_S:	0.09	-0.13	-0.13	-0.01	-0.17
p:	0.640	0.509	0.485	0.949	0.365
Hd
r_S:	0.04	0.05	-0.16	-0.04	0.09
p:	0.820	0.786	0.385	0.829	0.637
(Hd)
r_S:	-	-	-	-	-
p:	-	-	-	-	-
Sum H
r_S:	0.06	0.13	-0.15	-0.09	-0.04
p:	0.760	0.508	0.436	0.625	0.850
MOR
r_S:	0.12	-0.14	-0.02	-0.30	-0.28
p:	0.519	0.457	0.900	0.108	0.129
Sum V
r_S:	0.17	0.00	0.09	0.18	0.11
p:	0.362	0.981	0.646	0.345	0.571
Sum T
r_S:	0.09	0.44	0.29	-0.30	-0.05
p:	0.647	0.015*	0.126	0.112	0.784
Fd
r_S:	0.58	-0.16	-0.35	-0.03	-0.22
p:	0.001*	0.392	0.055	0.876	0.245
Isolation
r_S:	-0.10	0.03	-0.12	0.42	0.07
p:	0.605	0.870	0.517	0.019*	0.715
PER
r_S:	0.03	-0.12	0.02	-0.02	-0.18
p:	0.882	0.520	0.922	0.923	0.337
An+Xy
r_S:	-0.31	-0.22	0.23	-0.250	-0.11
p:	0.098	0.237	0.215	0.176	0.571
PHR
r_S:	-0.08	0.26	-0.040	0.13	0.19
p:	0.665	0.168	0.847	0.486	0.313
GHR
r_S:	0.06	-0.05	-0.19	-0.22	-0.41
p:	0.759	0.778	0.322	0.249	0.025*

Note: ZCS: Zulliger Test in the Comprehensive System; ZCS variables: R: number of responses; H or Pure H: Whole human; (H): whole human fictional; Hd: Human detail; (Hd): Human detail fictional; Sum H: Human content; MOR: Morbid content; Sum V: Vista responses; Sum T: Shading-texture; Fd: Food responses; PER: Personalized responses; An+Xy: Anatomy + X-ray; PHR: Poor Human Representations; GHR: Good Human Representations; Spearman correlation: rs, p: probability, *p < 0.05; Significant -: constant.

Table 3 Socio-demographic characteristics of the samples studied

Variables	Group		p
Variables	CG (n = 30)	NCG (n = 31)
Age (years)	72.1	71.7	0.841
Gender
Female	15 (50%)	16 (51.6%)	0.217
Male	15 (50%)	15 (48.4%)	0.900
Occupation
Self-employed	16 (53.3%)	2 (6.5%)	0.001*
Agricultural worker	8 (26.7%)	0 (0%)
Teacher	3 (10.0%)	1 (3.2%)
Homemaker	2 (6.7%)	4 (12.9%)
Small business owner	0 (0%)	18 (58.1%)
Retired	1 (3.3%)	4 (12.9%)
Public servant	0 (0%)	2 (6.5%)
Income (minimum wages)
No income	5 (16.7%)	0 (0%)	0.001*
1-2	15 (50%)	7 (22.6%)
3-5	7 (23.3%)	23 (74.2%)
More than 5	3 (10%)	1 (3.2%)
Level of education
Illiterate	1 (3.3%)	0 (0%)	0.010*
1-5 years	14 (46.7%)	9 (29%)
6-10 years	12 (40%)	7 (22.6%)
> 11 years	3 (10%)	15 (48.4%)

Note: CG: Clinical Group; NCG: Non-Clinical Group.

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[1] Correspondência para/Correspondence to: S.A. SCORTEGAGNA. E-mail: <silvanalba@upf.br>.